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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,语法和长难句分析课程,刘晓艳,1/93,课程设置,一 简单句,二 并列句,三 名词,四 动词,五 形容词和副词,六 英语特殊结构,2/93,第一节 简单句,一 what is 简单句？,试译：我英语说得很好；,I speak english well.,沙坪坝 到了；,we are arriving at spb station.,3/93,二 简单句分类：,1.主谓结构；,he died;we laugh(ed);,2.主谓宾,谓语：实意动词,3.主谓表,谓语：系动词,4/93,系动词：,1.be,2.感官动词：look smell taste sound feel；,3.改变：become get go turn;,4.保持：keep stay remain;,5/93,4 主谓双宾,5 主谓宾宾补,I bought him a dog;,It makes him happy;,We elect him our monitor;,6/93,三 句子成份；,1 谓语：,1）谓语成份；,your mother must very beautiful;,2）动词能不能多？,beat you is my fault.,I enjoy watch tv,My dream is become a teacher.,7/93,试译：,他笑着说，我爱你；,He smiling said,“,I love you,.,爱我就是抱抱我；,Loving me is hugging(embracing)me.,8/93,3）动词能不能少？,your mother must very beautiful;,I against you.(oppose).,reject inject project subject,object,9/93,二 主语,1.主语成份,being meaningful is living well,living well is doing meaningful things.,2.主语能不能少？,10/93,A)it,It is raining.,It is hot in chongqing.,11/93,B there be,there are numerous students falling in love with me.,there are countless factors supporting my point.,there are innumerable young men failing to get married.,12/93,C 被动,english must be pointed out very important.,the government should be suggested to take measures.,D 人称代词,13/93,3 宾语,I love you,I love liuxiaoyan,I love singing songs,I love to sing songs,14/93,4 表语,I am a teacher;,I am in chongqing,I am beautiful,My dream is to become a poet,My dream is becoming a poet.,15/93,四 时态,一）普通时态,二）进行时态,三）完成时态,16/93,一）普通时态,1.普通现在时：,I enjoy learning english,The earth revolves around the sun.,17/93,2.普通过去时,I was a student three years ago.,3.普通未来时,18/93,二）进行时态,I am having class,I was having class at 8 yesterday.,I will be having class at 8 tomorrow.,19/93,三）完成时态,I have been to europe many times,I have been a student.,My mother had slept when I got home.,I had learned 5000 words by the end of last year.,20/93,练习句子,毫无疑问污染很严重；,There is no doubt that pollution is very serious.,重庆有很多人口,There are many people in chongqing,这个问题政府已经重视,The government has focused the problem.,21/93,4 假如有毅力，就一定会成功,if there is willpower,success must be achieved.,5.他站在那儿笑,He is standing there,smiling.,6 抽闲得改改你脾气了,You spare some time to relieve your temper.,22/93,五 简单句考点；,1.写作,2.长难句,23/93,练习题：,1)I was playing computer.The roommate came in,asking me to have lunch.,2)There is a lot of traffic jam these days.,24/93,第二节 并列句,I love you,you love that dog;,处理方案：,1.回归简单句；,2.加连词；,3.I love you,who love that dog.,4.I loving you,you love that dog.,25/93,一 什么是并列句？,二 常见连词,1.平行：and not only,but also,2.转折：but,yet,while,whereas;,3.顺承：then；,4.因果：for；so/thus therefore,5.选择：or,26/93,三 考点：,1.写作,2.完型,3.分析长难句；,I was beaten，and you；,27/93,练习题,1.mary fails to like english but she likes music and dancing,(be fond of;be crazy about;have passion for;be fascinated with;be keen on),2.love has gone,but she still remains there.,3.he not only speaks english well but also speaks french fluently.,28/93,三 名词,一）名词能做什么成份？,1.the movie looks attractive;,2.I appreciate his mother.,3.gump is a man.,4.I enjoy the part,the end.,29/93,1.,what I saw,is attractive;,2.I appreciate,what she said,.,3.gump is,who should learn from,.,4.I enjoy the part,that a feather is flying in the sky.,30/93,二）什么是名词性从句？,1.何为从句？,2.何为名词性从句？,31/93,三）名词性从句引导词；,1.I love you is my fault.,2.Do you love me is obvious.,3.Who do you love is a secret.,32/93,试译：,我认为污染很严重,I believe that pollution is quite serious.,我想知道 人为何活着？,I wonder why people live in the world.,33/93,试译：,很多年轻人都意识到孝敬父母是他们业务；,Many teenagers have realized that respecting parents is their responsibity.,34/93,外星人存在吗真很主要；,Whether aliens exist is really vital;,我想法是我们去看电影吧。,My idea is that we will go to see a movie.,她成功找到了女朋友使我们很高兴；,That she succeeded in finding a friend make me happy.,35/93,四）考点：,1.写作：,1）主语从句：,女人总是正确是一个常识。,That women are always right is common sense.,It is common sense that women,36/93,主语从句满分表示：,It,that,37/93,2.宾语从句,3.表语从句,4.同位语从句,她是一个诗人这个事实是真；,She is a poet the truth is real.,The truth that she is a poet is real.,38/93,试译：,没有什么能够掩盖她正在变老这个事实；,Nothing can hide the fact the she is becoming old.,他丈夫逝世了这个消息传遍了整个村庄。,The news that his husband died was spread the whole villege.,39/93,我坚信梦想和坚持会使我们成功这个说法；,I believe the idea that dreams and persistance can make us succeed.,40/93,2.长难句分析：会识别各个从句。,1)怎样识别主语从句,2）怎样识别宾语从句,3）怎样识别表语从句,4）怎样识别同位语从句,41/93,第四节课：定语,一 什么是定语？,二 定语成份,1.形容词 an innocent nightingale,a nightingale brave and innocent.,2.名词 the singing of the nightingale,3.介词短语 the n out of the window,4.分词 the singing n,the n singing to the rose,5.不定式 the man to the party,42/93,6.从句,三 定语位置,练习：那个懂爱年轻人被拒绝了；,the man knowing love was rejected.,我有一朵和白云一样白玫瑰花,I have a rose as white as clouds,夜莺听到了年轻人感叹。,The n heard the words of the young man.,被扔掉玫瑰花是红色。,The thrown rose is red.,43/93,四 定语从句,1.组成 n+引导词+句子,2.引导词 定语从句引导词分类标准,N 人 who whom whose,物 that which whose,时间 that which when,地点 that which where,原因 that which why,44/93,谁决定引导词使用方法,举例：,he is the man _ loves me.,he is the man_ I love.,he is the man_ father excels in making popcorn.,45/93,I will never forget the day_ I met you.,I will never forget the day _ we spent.,46/93,You had better have no reason_ you are late.,You had better have no reason_,sounds perfect.,47/93,定语从句引导词分类新标准,按照 引导词词性（引导词在从句中所作成份来分来）,Who whom that which,Where when why,whose,48/93,五 定语从句和同位语从句区分,I cannot believe the fact that is shocking.,I cannot believe the fact that he is a poet.,49/93,六 定语从句特殊使用方法,1.先行词和引导词之间有介词 which whom；,2.that 做宾语，可省；,3.区分the same,as;the same,that,He is the same man as I love;,He is the same man that I love.,50/93,4.区分限制和非限制性定语从句；,I love liu,who is gorgerous.,I love liu who is gorgerous.,I love watermelons,which are round.,I love watermelons which are round.,51/93,七 定语从句考点及难点；,引导词？-寻找先行词,定语从句先行词,1.最近那个名词,2.最近短语或多个名词,3.一个从句,4.整个完整句子,52/93,第五节课 动词,一 动词成份,二 动词分类,1.系动词,2.助动词,3.情态动词,4.实意动词,53/93,1.系动词,2.助动词,I am a teacher.,I have taught english for years.,I am going to be a lawyer.,I donot do much sports recently.,54/93,3.情态动词,表示推测,举例：老俞一定很有钱,Old fish must be wealthy;,Old fish cannot be wealthy.,55/93,Old fish must have been self abased in his university,You neednot have shown your love in this way.,I could have become a good poet.,They should have got married if they had a chance.,56/93,4.实意动词,Watch tv;I am watching;,Look at me;I am looking;,57/93,三 虚拟语气,一）普通使用方法：if引导条件句,If you are a tear in my eyes,I will never shed it.,If I was a dog,I could sleep with you.,58/93,二）特殊使用方法,1.should+v,以防 in case that;for fear that;lest,命 order;direct command,贱 suggest advice propose,要求 ask request require demand,用虚拟,是必要 it is necessary(important)that,59/93,2.以下情况，从句用过去时表示虚拟,would rather;it is high time that;,我宁愿你比我幸福,I would rather you were happier than I.,是我们关注这个问题时候了,It,that we should poured attention into the issue.,60/93,3.以下情况要区分对待,Wish;if only;but for;or/otherwise;as if/as though;,61/93,四）非谓语动词,1.主语,Beating you is my fault.,To beat you is my fault.,=it is my fault to beat you.,2.宾语,62/93,3 表语,4.定语,他是一个被上帝抛弃男人；,He is a man abandoned by god.,成功属于全力以赴人。,success belongs to those sparing no efforts.,63/93,5.状语,When love comes,I will hold your hands.,When I was a girl,I enjoyed his music.,64/93,Love coming,I will hold her hands.,Being a girl,I enjoyed his music.,练习：,假如春天来了，冬天就不远了。,Spring coming,winter will arrive.,因为我爱你，我要嫁给你。,Loving you,I will marry you.,65/93,是不是必须有状语从句才能出现分词做状语呢？,我爱你，你爱我。,I loving you,you love me.,父母曾经养育过我们，我们就应该孝敬他们,Parents raising us,we should respect them.,66/93,六 形容词 副词,一）成份,1.形容词：,表语 定语-修饰名词,2.副词,he is very fast,he runs fast.,he runs rather fast.,67/93,二）状语,1.定义,2.成份,1）副词 she smiles sweetly.,2）介词短语 he runs like a crazy dog.,3)分词，不定式,她哭着离开了,He leaves crying.,68/93,4)从句,3.状语位置,69/93,四 状语从句,1.引导词分类标准,2.状语从句,1）时间状语从句：,When=while=as before after since the moment;by the time;until,not.Until.,70/93,1.状语从句时态问题：,when love comes,I will hold her hands.,when love came,I failed to hold her hands.,71/93,2.区分 until 和not,until,I will wait here until you come.,I will not leave until you come.,72/93,2)地点状语从句：,Where,This kind of trees grows well where it is wet.,=in wet places(介词短语）,73/93,3）原因状语从句：,A because;as;since;in that;seeing that;considering that;now that;given that;,B for,C because of;due to;owing to;thanks to;for the sake of;as a result of;,74/93,举例：,He had a car accident because he was careless.,He had a car accident for he was careless.,He had a car accident because of his carelessness.,75/93,4)目标状语从句,A to;in order to;so as to;,B so that;in order that;,举例：,We climb higher in order that we can see farther.(further),We climb higher in order to see farther.,76/93,5)结果状语从句,So,that;such,that;,He is such a man that we fail to love him.,I am so elegant that many boys love me.,练习：生命很短暂。,Life is so short that it is a waste how we spend it.,77/93,6)让步状语从句,Although；though;even though;even if;as;while;,As 部分倒装,Young as he is,he is knowledgeable.,Ugly as I am,I am tender.,78/93,7)方式状语从句,As,the way,as if/though,她看起来似乎是冰做,She looked as if she were made of ice.,她和我说话神情好像她早就认识我似,She spoke to me as if she knew me.,79/93,8）条件状语从句,Suppose that;supposing that;If,unless；Provided that；As long as;so long as,试译：只要有一丝希望，我也不会放弃,I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope.,80/93,9）比较状语从句,A AS,AS,You are as beautiful as me.,B 比较结构,81/93,补充比较级专题,1.as 意思总结,1）v+,+as,2)as+n,3)as+句子,82/93,2.than专题,1）not so much as=not even,甚至不/没有,He cannot so much as spell a word.,He did not so much as ask me to sit down,2）举例：he is not so much a teacher as a poet,not so much A as B,与其说A倒不如说B,.,83/93,3)he is more a poet than a teacher.,more A than B 与其说B不如说A,4）more than,A 后加n,B 后加形容词,C 后加数词,84/93,七 英语特殊结构,1.强调句型,it is,that,我昨天在街上碰到了我旧情人；,I met my old flame in the street yesterday.,练习：我最爱人就是我妈妈,就是因为你，我没有经过这次考试。,It is because of you that I failed to pass the examination.,85/93,2.倒装,你爱我吗？,你父亲是个贼吗？,Is your father a thief？,你去过河南吗？,Have you been to henan?,86/93,1 否定词倒装,2 so nor 倒装,3.so,that,倒装,4.only 后跟状语倒装,5.虚拟语气倒装,6.as 倒装,87/93,88/93,改错练习 一,When it comes to reading,everybody have inadividuls opinions.some people think that we should read book setectively.There are some reason for read book setectively.First,more and more books are published.it is impossible for us to read all the books.for reason that our time and vigorous is limited.,89/93,Whats more many book can poisonous to our mind,owning to the content of those books include crime,violent,unheathly and so on.,The other people,who hold that reading widely is better,There are some reason for read book widely,First and foremost,read book widely can extent our knowledge in all aspect.,90/93,They believe thatto know more,to read more.Besides,if one man have many kinds of knowledge.He will have more chance to success.,In my opinion,despite all the disadvantage reason of read books seletively mention above.I still think read book seletively is better.As for this promble,I think that we wouldd better make full use of books.,91/93,改错练习二,Nowadays,many people often hesitate to say No when other people request any helps for him.They couldnt make up his mind how to answer no matter they could and coundnt.,If some people need us helps,we will consider that we have capacity whether or not.We couldnt agree his request,if,we cant do anything,for him.Like this,they will find other ways to solve the question at,once.,92/93,However,there are many people reply to assist in this,time.They,dont have time to think of the consequence,because,they feel shaming whether they said No.,You might delay some things for other people,when you ought to say No but you,dont say.You coundnt help them and,maybe injure them.,Other,hands you dont know the ability with yourself.Its not good at your future.So we must consider how to reply peoples,request.,93/93,
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