句子结构和句子成分详细讲解、配套练习(44张)市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2018/12/31,#,句子结构,第1页,英语句子成份分析,第2页,1.,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,第3页,句子成份,定义,：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有,主要成份,和,次要成份,；,主要成份,：主语和谓语,次要成份,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,第4页,主语（,subject,）,句子说明人或事物,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化形容词）,（句子）,第5页,谓语,说明主语动作、状态和特征,简单谓语,:,由,动词,或,动词词组,组成,I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill?,He,looked after,two orphans.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,She,doesnt seem,to like dancing,第6页,补充：系动词,1,）,状态系动词,（,be,动词）,比如：,He is a teacher.,（,is,与补足语一起说明主语身份。）,2,）,连续系动词,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如：,He always kept silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持缄默。,3,）,表像系动词,seem,appear,look,比如：,He looks tired.,他看起来很累。,第7页,4,）,感官系动词,feel,smell,sound,taste,比如：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,这种布手感很软。,注意：系动词不用于被动语态,.,5,）,改变系动词,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,比如：,He became mad after that.,自那之后，他疯了。,6,）,终止系动词,prove,turn out,表示,“,证实,”,，,“,变成,”,之意,比如：,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,第8页,Show your passport,please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want?-I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,（名词）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化形容词,),(,三,),宾语,动作对象或承受者,及物动词或介词宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,第9页,宾语分为,直接宾语,和,间接宾语,.,直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,第10页,（四）表语,在,系动词,后部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,That remains,a puzzle,.,I dont feel,at ease,.,第11页,（五）定语,修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从句,He is a,clever,boy.,His father works in a,steel,work.,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you known,bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,There is a,sleeping,baby in bed.,His,spoken,language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词全部格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),第12页,定语后置：,假如定语是由,一个单词,表示时，通常要前置。而由,一个词组或一个句子,表示时，通常则后置,The girl,in red,is his sister.,We have a lot of work,to do,.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just,now,?,第13页,（六）状语,状语功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目标、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随情况等。,I will be back,in a while,.,They are playing,on the playground,.,He was late,because he got up late,.,He got up so late,that I missed the train,.,I waited,to see you,.,He often went to school,by bus,.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,Please call me,if it is necessary,.,This book is,very,interesting.,He went to school,in spite of his illness,.,第14页,I found the book,interesting,.,Do you smell something,burning,?,He made himself,known to them,.,（六）宾语补足语,有些,及物动词,除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子意义完整。这类惯用及物动词有：,make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,She asked me,to lend her a hand,.,第15页,基本句型,（,Basic Sentence Patterns,）：英语中千变万化句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、改变而来：,1,）主,+,动（,SV,）比如：,I work.,我工作。,2,）主,+,动,+,表（,SVP,）比如：,John is busy.,约翰忙。,3,）主,+,动,+,宾（,SVO,）比如：,She studies English.,她学英语。,4,）主,+,动,+,间宾,+,直宾（,SVIODO,）比如：,My mother bought me a new dress.,我母亲给我买了一件新衣裳。,5,）主,+,动,+,宾,+,补（,SVOC,）比如：,Running makes us strong.,跑步让我们健康。,第16页,1.,主,+,动（,SV,）常见,不及物动词,:,rise wait sleep depend rain smile die walk dance,等,.,例句,:,The sun,has risen,.,太阳升起来了,.,2)The,red sun,has risen in the east,.,鲜红太阳在东方升起来了,.,3)The,boy,is smiling,.,男孩在笑,.,4)The,little boy,is smiling happily,.,这个小男孩在高兴地笑,.,第17页,1.They are talking.(),2.Betty looks very beautiful.(),3.We call my pet Mimi.(),4.The children were playing happily(),5.Danny can swim.(),6.He has gone.(),7.The leaves is turning green.(),8.Your room should keep clean.(),第18页,2.,主,+,系,+,表（,SVP,）,1).,本句型中系动词和表语二者缺一不可,.,常见系动词有,:be,become,taste,get,grow,go,seem,look,feel,等,.,系表结构表示主语身份性质状态等。,例句,:1)They,are,students.,他们是学生,.2)The old men,seem,happy.,这些老人看起来很幸福,.3)when spring comes,it,gets,warm.,当春天来时,天气会变暖,.,第19页,2),常见作表语词有名词和形容词,其次是介词短语和不定式短语动名词,有些名词性从句也能够作表语,.,例句,:,The pretty girl,looks,happy.,这个漂亮女孩看起来很高兴,.,She,become,a scientist.,她成为一名科学家了,.,This book,is,about learning English.,这本书是关于学英语,.,第20页,1.They are talking.(),2.Betty looks very beautiful.(),3.We call my pet Mimi.(),4.The children were playing happily(),5.Danny can swim.(),6.He has gone.(),7.The leaves is turning green.(),8.Your room should keep clean.(),第21页,3.,主,+,动,+,宾（,SVO),常见及物动词,:,love say take sell know call order draw,等,.,例句,She,is washing,clothes,.,她在洗衣服,.,I saw,a,beautiful,girl,.,我看见一个漂亮女孩,.,Tom,watches,TV,every evening,.,汤姆天天晚上看电视,.,She,doesnt like,her brother,.,她不喜欢她哥哥,.,Speak,English,please.,请讲英语,Will,you help,me,?,你会帮助我吗,?,Most of us enjoy,English,very much,.,我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语,第22页,1.I didint like tigers.(),2.They haved already reached Beijing.(),3.I read my son a story every night.(),4.Danny sent his teacher some beautiful flowers.(),5.Jenny can sing the song.(),6.My father bought me a new bike yesterday.(),7.Are you reading newspapers?(),8.I am going home.(),第23页,4.,主,+,动,+,宾,+,补（,SVOC,）惯用及物动词有,:call,find,get,keep,feel,see,hear,listen to,look at,have,make,let,等,.,例句,:,We selected,John,our monitor,.,我们选约翰当我们班长,.,The sun keeps,us,warm,.,太阳使我们感到温暖,.,He made,the boy,laugh,.,他使男孩笑了,.,He told,me,to come,earlier.,他让我早点来,.,The student keep their,classroom,clean,.,学生们保持教室洁净,.,A cold kept,him,in bed,for three days.,一次感冒让他卧床三天,.,第24页,5.,主,+,动,+,间宾,+,直宾（,SVIODO,）常接双宾语动词,:give,show,tell,teach,pass,buy,lend,1),英语中有些及物动词要求跟两个宾语,(,双宾语,),即直接宾语和间接宾语,.,例句,:,My mother bought,me,a pen,.,我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔,.,The clerk asked,me,my,address and telephone number,.,那位职员问我地址和电话号码,.,Please pass,him,the book,.,请把那本书递给他,.,第25页,2),普通情况下,间接宾语位于直接宾语前,但有时,间接宾语可置于直接宾语后,此时,间接宾语前要加,to,或,for.,例句,:,Mr Smith told me an interesting story.,Mr Smith told an interesting story,to,me.,史密斯先生给我讲了一个有趣故事,.,I bought her a beautiful skirt.,I bought a beautiful skirt,for,her.,我给她买了一件漂亮裙子,.,第26页,常接双宾语,(,直接宾语和间接宾语,),动词,间宾前加,to,动词有,:,sell,feed,bring,read,pass,teach,give,take,show,send,tell,write,find,throw,间宾前加,for,动词有,:,sing,make,get,buy,choose,return,cook,pick,order,call,leave,hand,第27页,There be,句型,第28页,There is,a picture on the wall.,There is,a bag behind the chair.,There are,many books on the desk.,There are,many people in the hall.,There+is/are,+,某物,/,人,+,某地,某地有某物或某人,“有,存在”,第29页,There is,a dog,in the room.,There are,two dogs,in the room.,第30页,There be,句型中,be,动词要和后面离得最近主语在数上保持一致,（,1,）,假如句子主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，,be,动词就用,is,.,如：,There,is a table,in the room.,房间里有一张桌子。,There,is,a little water in the bottle.,瓶子里有一点水。,（,2,）假如句子主语是复数名词时，,be,动词就用,are,。如,：,There,are,some pencils on the chair.,椅子上有一些铅笔,第31页,就近标准,（,3,）,假如有两个或两个以上主语时，,be,动词要和,最靠近它那个主语,在数上保持一致。,如,：,There,is a pen and some books,on the desk.,书桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。,There,are some books and a pen,on the desk.,书桌上有一些书和一支钢笔,。,第32页,There is/are-,否定句,is/are,后加,not,必定句中,some,变,any,There is a beautiful flower on the desk.,There is not a beautiful flower on the table.,There is some water in the bottle.,There isnt any water in the bottle.,第33页,There is/are-,普通疑问句,is/are,要提前,some,变,any,其它都不变,There is,a radio on the desk.(,普通疑问句,),Is,there a radio on the desk?,Yes,there,is,./No,there,isnt,There are,some,shoes under the bed.,（,普通疑问句,）,Are there,any,shoes under the bed?,Yes,there,are,./No,there,arent,.,第34页,练习：,用,be,适当形式填空。,1.There _a map on the wall.,2.There _many things on her desk.,3.There _twenty yuan in my purse.,4.There _a big dog and a small cat near the table.,5.There _two bikes under the tree.,6.There _a pen,two pencils and an eraser in the pencil-box.,第35页,练习,:,以下句子分别属于哪一句型,.A.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,(+,状语,)B.,主语,+,谓语,(+,状语,)C.,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,(+,状语,)D.,主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,(+,状语,)E.,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,(+,状语,),()1.The flower smells sweet.,()2.I visited my teacher last Sunday.,()3.They are dancing.,()4.Mrs.Black helped his son brush his teeth.,第36页,()5.Jenny bought a watch for him.,()6.His mother sent him a new watch.,()7.I often hear her sing in the next room,()8.The girl opened the door.,()9.Mary and Lynn live in Taiyuan.,()10.She looks like her mother.,第37页,()11.You should study hard.,()12.The children play football on the playground every afternoon.,()13.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.,()14.We painted the wall white.,()15.He asked me to go swimming with him,.,第38页,()16.On Sunday many people have a walk in the park.,()17.Miss zhang has taught us maths for two years.,()18.Tom and John are the best students in our class.,()19.He did everything to help the poor.,()20.She asked me my telephone number.,第39页,He feels disappointed.,I love operas.,She always tells me jokes.,The children cried and shouted every day.,The smiling faces of his children made him happy again.,She is quiet and shy.,My father bought me a useful dictionary.,Mrs.Von Trapp died.,She taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short and funny plays to cheer them up.,You may become unhappy sometimes.,Read and find out the structures of the following sentences.,S+V,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+O+OC,S+V+P,S+V+IO+DO,S+V,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+P,第40页,Which of the following situations make you sad(S),happy(H),worried(W)or afraid(A)?Discuss your feelings in groups.,Your father is ill in bed.,Your team won a basketball game again.,Your friend fell off her bike.,Your father bought you a new computer.,You see a snake lying on the road.,There is so much homework on the weekend.,4a,W,H,S,H,A,W,仁爱八年英语第,18,页,第41页,Study the following sentence structures.Then match them with the sentences in 4a.,4b,a.S+V+IO+DO(),b.There be (),c.S+V (),d.S+V+O (),e.S+V+P (),f.S+V+O+OC(),4,6,3,2,1,5,第42页,Look at the pictures and make up sentences.Then decide which sentence structures they belong to.,2,1.aunt,find,passport,my,her,cant,2.all day,the boss,the workers,makes,work,3.near,my house,is,a river,there,_,_,_,My aunt cant find her passport.,S+V+O,The boss makes the workers work all day.,S+V+O+OC,There is a river near my house.,There be,第43页,4.green,the trees,turn,2,5.flying,birds,some,are happily,6.wants,her grandson,a,present,to buy,she,_,_,_,The trees turn green.,S+V+P,Some birds are flying happily.,S+V,She wants to buy her grandson a present.,S+V+IO+DO,第44页,