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,Module 6,Old and New,Grammar,1/40,非限制性定语从句,【,新知导引,】,认真观察以下句子，并体会非限制性定语从句使用方法,1.Mao Zedong wrote a poem _he dreamed of“walls of stone,to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow,gorges”.,2.The Three Gorges Dam,_ is the biggest construction project,in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal,has been built to control flooding.,in which,which,2/40,3.Sun Yat-sen,_ was the leader of the 1911 Revolution,first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.,4.More than a million people _ lived in the region have moved from their homes.,who,who,3/40,【,知识详解,】,一、非限制性定语从句,1.,作用。,非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间普通用逗号隔开，经常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思依然完整。,4/40,2.,非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句区分。,名称,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,作用,起限定作用,限制或约束先行词,不可去掉,不然主句意义不完整,对整个句子意义并不主要,即使去掉,原句仍有意义,结构,不用逗号与主句隔开,用逗号与主句隔开,功效,是先行词不可缺乏定语,对先行词起补充说明作用,引导词,a.,作宾语时可省略,b.,可用,that,a.,作宾语时不可省略,b.,不可用,that,5/40,*This is the house,that he bought yesterday,.,这就是他昨天买那座房子。,(,限制性定语从句,),*He changed his mind,which made me very angry,.,他改变了主意，这使我很生气。,(,非限制性定语从句,),6/40,二、非限制性定语从句中关系词使用方法,1.who,whom,whose,引导非限制性定语从句。,(1),关系代词,who,whom,引导非限制性定语从句修饰人。,(2),关系代词,who,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；,whom,作宾语；介词后用,whom,不用,who,。,(3)whose,作定语，先行词是人时，,whose+,n,.,相当于,the+,n,.+of whom,。先行词是物时，,whose+,n,.,相当于,the+,n,.+of which,。,7/40,*Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital,金先生腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。,*,His mother,whom he loved dearly,died in 1818.,他非常爱他母亲，她死于,1818,年。,*,Bobs father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egypt.,鲍勃父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。,8/40,【,即学活用,】,选词填空,(who/whom/whose),。,Li Leis father,_ was an engineer before his death,died when Li Lei was very young.,Confucius,_ influence on Chinese people has been the greatest,was born in 551 BC.,I love my mother,_ everyone in her company likes to work with.,who,whose,whom,9/40,2.which,as,使用方法。,(1),二者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。,*,Water,，,which is a clear liquid,，,has many uses.,水是一个清澈液体，有许多用途。,*,The teacher often praised my partner,which made me sad,.,老师经常表彰我同伴，这使我很难过。,10/40,*,As we all know,the earth is round.,众所周知，地球是圆。,*,The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,，,as was agreed beforehand,.,两弟兄对此决定都满意，这项决定在事前都已得到他们同意。,*,Taiwan is,，,as you know,，,an inseparable part of China.,你知道，台湾是中国不可分割一部分。,11/40,(2)as,which,引导非限制性定语从句区分。,项目,as,which,指代,引导从句只能指代整个主句内容,引导从句既可指代整个主句内容,又可指代主句一部分,位置,可位于主句之前、之中或之后,引导从句不能位于主句之前,意义,正如,这,那,12/40,【,即学活用,】,完成句子。,He came,back home late,_.,正如我们所料,他回家晚了。,Einstein,_,is a famous scientist.,众所周知,爱因斯坦是一位著名科学家。,James did really well in his exams,_.,詹姆斯考得非常好,真令人诧异。,Tom was late again,_.,汤姆又迟到了,这使老师非常生气。,as we expected,as is well-known,which was a big surprise,which made his teacher very angry,13/40,3.when,where,使用方法。,(1),关系副词,when,在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间词语。,(2),关系副词,where,在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点词语。,14/40,(3)when/where,有时能够换成“介词,+which”,。,*,Mr King was quickly taken to hospital,，,where,a doctor wanted to examine his legs,金先生很快被送去医院，在那里一个医生要检验他腿。,*,We will put off the outing until next week,when,we wont be so busy.,我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么忙了。,15/40,【,即学活用,】,用恰当关系副词填空。,The happy day,_ he is going to study abroad,is always on his,mind.,We will be shown around the city:schools,museums,and some,other places,_ other visitors seldom go.,Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World,War,_ Jews were badly treated in Germany.,The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the hospital,_,she spent her 19th birthday.,when,where,when,where,16/40,【,典题研习,】,(,四川高考,)Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,is quite unexpected.,17/40,【,思绪演示,】,分析句式,:,主从句之间有逗号分开,该从句为非限制性定语从句。,理清句意,:,到现在为止,我们已经为那些贫穷孩子们筹集到了,50 000,英镑,这是完全没有预料到。,抓取关键,:,从句中缺乏主语,定语从句是对前面整个句子修饰。此处,which,指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句而且在定语从句中作主语。,断定答案,:which,。,18/40,【,即学活用,】,用适当连词填空。,1.(,四川高考,)The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.,【,解析,】,whose,。考查定语从句。句意,:,桌子上封面闪闪发亮那些书是我们奖品。先行词为,books,关系代词在从句中作名词,covers,定语,故用,whose,。,19/40,2.(,重庆高考,)He wrote many childrens books,nearly half,of,were published in the 1990s.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他写了很多儿童书籍,差不多二分之一发表于,20,世纪,90,年代。先行词为,childrens books,在从句中作介词,of,宾语,故要用,which,。,20/40,3.(,江苏高考,)The number of smokers,is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.,【,解析,】,as,。考查定语从句。句意,:,据报道,吸烟者数量在仅仅一年内下降了,17%,。,as,引导定语从句,表示“正如”。,which,引导非限制性定语从句时,不放在句中。,21/40,4.(,北京高考,)Opposite is St.Pauls Church,you can hear some lovely music.,【,解析,】,where,。考查非限制性定语从句。句意,:,对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你能听到一些优美音乐。依据句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是,St.Pauls Church,在定语从句中作地点状语,故用,where,。,22/40,5.(,北京高考,)I borrowed the book,Sherlock Holmes,from the library last week,my classmates recommended to me.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,上周我从图书馆借了,福尔摩斯探案集,这本书是我同学推荐给我。分析句子可知这是一个非限制性定语从句,从句中缺乏宾语,先行词是一本书,故用,which,。,23/40,6.(,天津高考,)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of,uses it differently.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,英语是一个多元文化共享语言,每一个文化都以不一样方式使用它。分析句子成份可知此处考查定语从句,且作,of,宾语应用,which,。,24/40,7.(,浙江高考,)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.,【,解析,】,when,。考查定语从句。句意,:,直到五年级时候我才成为一个登山兴趣者,当初我去树上拿卡在树枝里风筝。,when,引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词,the fifth grade,when,在从句中作时间状语。,25/40,8.(,浙江高考,)The children,all of,had played the whole day long,were worn out.,【,解析,】,whom,。考查定语从句。句意,:,孩子们都累了,他们都玩了一整天。该定语从句先行词为,children,定语从句引导词在从句中作介词,of,宾语,只能用,whom,。,26/40,【,真题备选,】,1.(,重庆高考,)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of,are family members.,【,解析,】,whom,。考查定语从句。句意,:,约翰邀请了大约,40,人来参加他婚礼,其中大多数都是他家人。先行词为,people,在定语从句中作,of,宾语并指人,用关系代词,whom,。,27/40,2.(,安徽高考,)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in,_ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话内容,关系代词,which,在从句中作主语。,28/40,3.(,江苏高考,)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,世界银行总裁说他热爱中国,这种热爱早在他童年时代就开始了。此句中,passion(,热爱,激情,),为先行词,在定语从句中,starting,之后缺乏宾语,故用,which,。,29/40,4.(,山东高考,)There is no simple answer,_ is often the case in science.,【,解析,】,as,。考查定语从句。句意,:,没有一个简单答案,这在科学领域里是常有事。,as,引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代替前面情况,意为“正如,正像”。,30/40,5.(,辽宁高考,)He may win the competition,in,case he is likely to get into the national team.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他可能会赢得比赛,那样话他就很可能进入国家队了。逗号普通不可连接两个句子,故是定语从句,且为非限制性定语从句,故用,which,代指上文说情况。,31/40,6.(,天津高考,)We have launched another man-made,satellite,is announced in todays newspaper.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我们已经发射了另外一颗人造卫星,这在今天报纸上报道了。,which,引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子,在从句中充当主语。,32/40,7.(,陕西高考,)_ is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.,【,解析,】,as,。考查定语从句。句意,:,孩子们通常就是这么,医生来时候埃米就好些了。,as is often the case,固定搭配,意思是“通常就是这么”。,33/40,8.(,山东高考,)Maria has written two novels,both of,have been made into television series.,【,解析,】,which,。考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意,:,玛丽亚已经写了两部小说,它们都被拍摄成电视连续剧了。分析句子结构可知,novels,是定语从句先行词,指物时引导词要用,that,或,which,又因为介词,of,后面不能接,that,来引导定语从句,此处非限制性定语从句只能用,which,来引导。,34/40,9.(,福建高考,)The air quality in the city,is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.,【,解析,】,as,。考查定语从句。句意,:,正如汇报所显示,在过去两个月里,这个城市空气质量已经有所改进。,as“,正如,就像”引导定语从句,先行词为,air quality,。,35/40,10.(,安徽高考,)A lot of language learning,has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.,【,解析,】,as,。考查定语从句。句意,:,正如已经发觉那样,大量语言学习发生在出生后第一年,所以在那一时期父母应该多和孩子交谈。依据句子结构可知,本题考查引导非限制性定语从句关系代词,在句中作主语,指代主句整个句子内容。,as,可引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”。,36/40,11.(,全国卷,)That evening,I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,那天晚上我一直工作到很晚,我过后会告诉你关于那晚更详细情况。该空引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作,about,宾语,所以用,which,。,37/40,12.(,北京高考,)When deeply absorbed in work,he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他经常会聚精会神地工作,这时他就会废寝忘食。分析句子结构可知,when,引导是时间状语从句省略句,he often was,是状语从句中非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子,且在从句中作,was,表语,应用,which,引导。,38/40,13.(,江西高考,)By 16:30,was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.,【,解析,】,which,。考查定语从句。句意,:,到,16:30,要关门时候,几乎全部画都卖完了。,which,作为关系代词,指代前面先行词,16:30,。,39/40,40/40,
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