大学英语语法之动词的语气-Mood-of-Verbs.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,English Grammar,Mood,grammatical,meaning,classification,application,practice,1,&,2,a form of verb,indicating speakers view and attitude towards what he says or an action or a state.,陈述语气,the indicative mood,祈使语气,the imperative mood,虚拟语气,the subjunctive mood,in,simple,sentence,in,complex,sentence,in sentence,pattern,with,words or phrases,1,在口语中使语气客气委婉“should,would,could,might+v.原”,2,表祝愿、诅咒、禁止或命令,1)v.原形,Long live CPC!,God bless you!,God damn you!,Heaven forbid!,Somebody fetch a basin of water.,Everybody come in!,2),may用于句首,动词用原形,May you be happy!,May you succeed!,(2),与过反,主句:情v.+have done,从句:had done(过完时),(3),与将反,主句：情v.+v.原,从句：v.过去式(were),should+v.原,were to+v.原,情态v.:,would/should/might/could,If they,had,time,they,would study,Russian,too.,If it,rained,tomorrow,the sports meet,would be put off.,I,could have met,her if I,had come,a few minutes earlier.,省if,从句中有were、should、had，可省if，把were,should,had 提到主语之前。,If it,were,not for their support,we would be in a very difficult position.,Were it not for their support,we would be in a very difficult position.,If I,had,left a little earlier,I would have caught the train.,Had I left a little earlier,I would have caught the train.,If it,should,rain tomorrow,what would we do?,Should it rain tomorrow,what would we do?,错综时间,conditional sentence of mixed time,从句动作和主句动作时间不一致,主,、,从句v.按各自时间变化,If you,had seen,the doctor in good time,you,would be,quite all right now.,If we,hadnt repaired,the roof last summer,the living room,would be wet,now.,1),wish,宾从,主句常为I wish,表示不可实现的愿望;,2),特殊v.,宾从,(1)与现反,从句:v.过去式,(be,were/was),I wish I,were,young again.,Sometimes I wish I,were living,in a different time and a different planet.,(2)与过反,从句 had done,情v.+have done,I wish you,had told,me sooner.,I wish you,would have called,yesterday.,(3)与将反,从句：情v.+v原,I wish they,would tell,us the truth.,I wish I,would have,the opportunity to go to the moon one day.,注：,将wish改为wished,从句动词形式不变；,hope宾语从句不用虚拟语气,特殊v.,从句：(should)+v.原,Eg,:,He suggested that she,start,at once.,ask,require,request,suggest,propose,order,advocate,agree,command,demand,direct,insist,advise,prefer,second,urge,move,recommend,permit,allow,intend,desire,beg,forbid,decide,arrange,Would you prefer that I _ with you?,A am going to fishing,B will go fishing,C would go fishing,D go fishing,D,(,1,)上述v.的n.后的同位语从句或表语从句中要求相同形式的虚拟语气,advice,agreement,requirement,request,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,insistence,preference,urge,motion,command,recommendation,permission,intention,desire,The order soon came that all civilians,should evacuate,the village.,We knew his insistence that he,do,the work himself.,I second Mr.Greens motion that the meeting,be put off,until next week.,(2)上述v.的adj.后的主语从句要求相同形式的虚拟语气,advisable,desirable,preferable,urgent,It is advisable that you(should)go to see a doctor.,It is desirable that you(should)speak the language fluently.,(,3,)上述v.的被动式引出的主语从句要求相同形式的虚拟语气。,It is decided that.,It is arranged that.,It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.,A not be started B is not started,C will not be started,D is not to be started,A,真实方状：,He looks as if he is young.,虚拟方状：,(,1,)与现反,(,2,)与过反,(,3,)与将反,(1)与现反,从句:v.过去式(be,were/was),He talks as if he,were,a scholar.,(In fact,he is not a scholar.),(2)与过反,从句:过完时(had done),He speaks as if he,had seen,it with his own eyes.,(Actually,he didnt see it at all.),(3)与将反,从句：情v.(might)+v.原形,It looks as if it,might rain.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,lest,for fear that,in case引导,目状,:“惟恐、以免、以防”,从句：should+v.原,lest 句中 should 常可省略,in case 真实目状:,Take an umbrella in case it rains.,Ill be kind to her lest she,decide,to leave me.,He took his raincoat with him lest it,should rain.,He jotted the name down for fear that he,should forget,it.,Heres some money in case you,should need,it.,He put his coat over the child for fear that/lest he,should catch,cold.,He burned all the important documents for fear that they,should fall,into the enemys hands.,Ill keep a seat for you in case you,should change,your mind.,特问词+ever,或,no matter+特问词,引导让状,从句：may+v.原,：may have done,(过去动作),Whatever defects he,may have,he is an honest man.,I wont let you in whoever you,may be,.,No matter what you,may say,I am determined to do what I think is right.,Come,what,may,we will go ahead.,No matter what may come,we will go ahead.,Whatever may come,we will go ahead.,过去动作,The party was a success,however inadequate the preparations,may have been,.,You mustnt be proud,however much you,may have achieved,.,1,It is+adj./n.+that,从句:(should)+v.原,:should have done,(过去动作),“重要性、必要性、可能性、命令、请求、建议”等,important,essential,vital,eager,necessary,imperative,natural,strange,proper,advisable,desirable,preferable,urgent,incredible,possible,astonishing,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,fitting,obligatory，willing，shocked,it is a pity,it is a shame,it is no wonder,It is imperative that we should practice criticism and self-criticism.,It is essential that these application forms,be sent,back as early as possible.,It is vital that enough money,be collected,to fund the project.,It is strange that she,should have failed,to see her own shortcomings.,It seems incredible that he,should have finished,the work so soon.,It is quite natural that such fears,should arise,.,It is a great pity that he,should be,so conceited.（自大）,2,It is+(high/very/about)time+(that)从句,:过去时,Its about time that class,began,.,Its high time they,were taught,a lesson.,3,S.+would rather/had rather/would sooner/would(just)as soon+(that)从句,过去式,与wish宾从同,(注:在would rather后的从句中，过去式可用于表示现在或将来情况的虚拟语气),Id rather you,came,next weekend.,I d rather you,didnt do,that.,Id rather he,were,here now.,I had rather(that)he,had been,here yesterday.,I would(just)as soon that he,had not spoken,rudely to me.,I would sooner he,would be,here tomorrow.,4,情绪adj.后状从中：,should+v.原/have done,I am sorry,we were surprised,they were disappointed,Im sorry that he should say so.,Im surprised that I should be accorded such a hearty welcome.,1,If only+从句,与现反:,过去式（be,were）,与过反:,had done,与将反:,情v.+v.原,If only I had a million dollars.,I were a millionaire.,If only I hadnt lost it.,If only I had studied art at college.,If only I would go abroad.,2,but for+n.,/,without+n.主句虚拟,与现反,:情v.+v.原,与过反:,情v.+have done,but for+n.,but that+从句,but for=if it were not for/if it had not been for,but that=but for the fact that,事实,Without air there,would be,no life at all.,But for your help,we,couldnt have finished,the task on time.,But that I saw it,I,could not have believed,it.,She,would have fallen,but that I caught her.,3,事实+or/otherwise/or else+虚拟句,虚拟句,与现反:情v.+v.原,与过反:情v.+have done,I was ill that day.Or else I would have taken part in the parade.,虚拟句+but+事实,1 If there were no subjunctive mood,English _ much easier.,A will be,B would have been,C could have been,D would be,D,2 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.,A obeys B obey,C will obey D would obey,B,3“The experiment had failed!”,“I suggest you_ again.”,A try B trying,C will try D would try,A,4“He is a very brave man.”,“Yes,I wish I _ his courage.”,A have B had,C will have D would have,B,5 If she had worked harder,she _.,A would succeed,B had succeeded,C should succeed,D would have succeeded,D,6 I wish I _ you yesterday.,A seen,B did see,C had seen,D were to see,C,7 If my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _ me from going.,A had been;would have prevented,B had been;would prevent,C were;would prevent,D were;would have prevented,A,8 Without electricity human life _quite different today.,A is,B will be,C would have been,D would be,D,9-If he _,he _ that food.,-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.,A was warned;would not take,B had been warned;would not have taken,C would be warned;had not taken,D would have been warned;had not taken,B,10 I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _ she would have met my brother.,A has come,B did come,C came,D had come,D,11 You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.,A drove;didnt get,B were driving;wouldnt get,C drove;wouldnt get,D had driven;wouldnt have got,D,1 The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.,A must finish,B would be finished,C be finished,D must be finished,C,2 She made the demand that she _ at once.,A leave,B leaves,C left,D to be left,A,3 He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.,A had been,B has been,C was,D been,A,4 Mother insisted that the childs hands _ before dinner.,A should wash,B be washed,C would wash,D had washed,B,5 The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.,A did;set,B had done;should be set,C do;be set,D had done;must be set,C,6 Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TV.,A did B do,C shall do D have done,B,7 My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next week.,A to put,B be put,C should put,D be putting,B,8 The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off.,A for;to,B that;be,C which;should be,D to;being,B,9 The commander ordered that the wounded _ to hospital right away.,A to be sent,B be sent,C send,D should send,B,10 The order came that the medical supplies _ to the village without delay.,A would be sent,B should send,C be sent,D must be sent,C,11 They requested that he _ on the radio.,A spoke,B speak,C speaks,D would speak,B,12 It is important that we _ wild animals.,A will protect,B should protect,C shall protect,D are protecting,B,13 It is necessary that the problem _ at once.,A solves,B should solve,C should be solved,D will be solved,C,14 It is strange that he _ interest in much of his research.,A should have lost,B would lose,C had lost,D will lose,A,15 Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.,A are,B were,C would be,D would have been,C,16 _I be free tomorrow,I could go with you.,A Could,B Should,C Might,D Must,B,17 _to do the work,I should do it some other way.,A If were I,B I were,C Were I,D Was I,C,18 _ today,he would get there by Friday.,A Would he leave,B Was he leaving,C Were he to leave,D If he leave,C,19 _ your letter,I would have written back two days ago.,A If received,B Should I receive,C Had I received,D If I could have received,C,20 _,he would have passed the exam.,A If he were to study,B If he studied hard,C Had he studied,D Should he study hard,C,21 Should it rain,the crops _.,A would be saved,B would have been saved,C will be saved,D had been saved,A,22 You _ earlier.The bus left a moment ago.,A would come,B should have come,C may come,D have come,B,23 He treated me as though _ his own son.,A I am B I would be,C I was D I were,D,24 He smiled as if he _ my thought.,A read B was reading,C had read D has read,C,25 I _ you some money,but I hadnt any on me then.,A would lend,B would have lent,C could lend,D may have lent,B,26 He talks as if he _.,A knows all about it,B has known all about,C knew all about it,D knowing all about it,C,27 Have you ever been to Beijing?,No,but I wish I _.,A have B will,C do D had,D,28 Where is Xiao Zhang?I wish I _ him at once.,A can find,B will find,C could find,D could have found,C,29 I wish I _ there then.,A was B were,C had been D would be,C,30 Its time we _ to bed.,A must go B will go,C went D have gone,C,31 If I _ you,I would try again.,A am B was,C were D be,C,32 _,all the students would hear.,A If the teacher had spoken louder,B If the teacher will speak louder,C Had the teacher spoken louder,D If the teacher spoke louder,D,33 What should we do if it _ tomorrow?,A should snow,B would snow,C snow,D will snow,A,34 If you _ 5 minutes earlier,you _ him.,A come;will see,B had come;would have seen,C should come;had seen,D came;would see,B,35 If only I _ my watch.,A hadnt lost,B havent lost,C didnt lose,D dont lose,A,36 You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.,A may not make,B might have not made,C shouldnt have made,D might not have made,D,37 He _ the test,but he wasnt careful enough.,A could have passed,B were able to pass,C must have passed,D might be able to pass,A,38 We _ the work on time without your help.,A hadnt had finished,B didnt have finished,C couldnt have finished,D cant have finished,C,39 If you _ at school,you _ a college student now.,A had studied hard;would have been,B should have studied hard;should have been,C had studied hard;would be,D would study hard;must have been,C,40 If only I _ as young as you are.,A being B am,C be D were,D,keys,1-5 DBABD 6-10 CADBD 11 D,1-5 CAABC 6-10 BBBBC,11-15 BBCAC 16-20 BCCCC,21-25 ABDCB 26-30 CDCCC,31-35 CDABA 36-40 DACCD,