高中英语基本句型.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语,基本句型,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一：（主谓）,二：（主系表）,三：（主谓宾）,四：（主谓间宾直宾）,五：（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一：（主谓）,主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，,如：We come.,（不及物动词,）,1.The sun,rose,.,2.Who,cares,?,3.What he said,does not,matter.,4.They,talked,for half an hour.,5.The pen,writes,smoothly,此句型的句子有一个,共同特点,，,即句子的谓语,动词,都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二：（主系表）,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子,谓语动词,都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的,表语,构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类,动词,叫做,连系动词,。,系动词,分两类：,be,look,keep,seem,等，表,情况,；,get,grow,become,turn,等属另一类，表,变化,。,be,本身没有什么意义,只起,连系主语和表语,的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,感官动词,多可用作连系动词：,look well/,面色好,sound nice,/听起来不错,feel good/,感觉好，,smell bad/,难闻,（是系动词）（表语）,1.This,is,an English-Chinese dictionary.,2.The dinner,smells,good.,3.He,fell,in love.,4.Everything,looks,different.,5.He,is growing,tall and strong.,6.Our well,has gone,dry.,7.His face,turned,red.,基本句型 三：（主谓宾）,此句型句子的,共同,特点,是：谓语动词,都具有实义,，,都是主语产生的动作,，但不能表达完整的意思，,必须跟有一个宾语,，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做,及物动词。,（及物动词）（宾语）,1.Who,knows,the answer?,2.He,has refused,to help them.,3.He,enjoys,reading.,4.He,said,Good morning.,5.He,admits,that he was mistaken.,基本句型 四：（主谓间宾直宾,）,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，eg：,give,/,pass,/,bring,/,show,。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Give me a cup of tea please.,-Show this house to Mr.Smith.,-Bring it to me,please.,（及物）（多指人）（多指物）,She,ordered,herself,a new dress.,2.He,brought,you,a dictionary.,3.I,showed,him,my pictures.,4.I,told,him,that the bus was late.,5.He,showed,me,how to run the machine.,基本句型 五：（主谓宾宾补,）,此句型的句子的,共同特点,是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个,补充成分,来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语,：位于,宾语之后,对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作,宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。,The war made him,a,soldier,.,New methods make the job,easy.,I often find him,at work,.,The teacher ask the students,to close,the windows.,I saw a cat,running,across the road,.,名词/代词宾格+n./adj./介词短语/动词不定式/分词,（及物）（宾语）（宾补）,1.They,painted,the door,green.,2.This,set,them,thinking.,3.They,found,the house,deserted.,4.He,asked,me,to come back soon,.,5.I,saw,them,getting on the bus.,a，,b，,c，,d，,e，,1，Pleas tell us a story._,2,She smiled._,3.I have a lot work to do._,4.His job is to train swimmers._,5.He noticed a man enter the room._,6.Please look at the picture._,d,a,e,b,e,c,Summary(句子成分),主语,放在,句首,，,由,名词、代词、动名词和不定式,充当,谓语,跟在,主语,后面，由,动词或动词短语,充当;,表语,跟在,系动词,后面；,由,名词、代词、,形容词,、副词、动名词、不定式、,分词,或介词短语,充当;,宾语,跟在,及物动词和介词,后面，由,名词、代词、动名词、不定式或wh-+to do sth,充当;,宾语补足语,跟在,宾语,后面，与宾语之间有逻辑上的,主谓关系或主表关系,，由,名,词，,形容词,，副词，介词短语，,动词不定式，分词,充当;,定语,放在,被修饰语之前或之后,，修饰名词或代词，由,形容词、名词、分词或不定式,充当;,状语,句首、句中或句末,，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，由,副词或介词短语,等充当.,句子翻译,1.我要求他准时到达。,I requested him to arrive on time.,2.老板命令他的秘书两天内完成这个计划.,The boss commanded his secretary to complete the project in two days.,3.网络使了解世界变得更容易.,The Internet makes it easier to know more about the world.,4.我觉得与朋友聚会很开心。,I find/feel it pleased to have a get-together with friends.,基本句型6：There be+主语,1)这条村庄有许多井。,There are many wells in the village.,2)他有一套卫斯理的科幻小说。,He,has,a series of science fiction written by Wei Sili.,在there be句型中，主语后的动词形式有三种：,There is a purse _(lie)on the ground.,There are ten people _(kill)in the accident.,There are five soldiers _(attend)the meeting.,lying,killed,to attend,主语与动词表主动关系，用现在分词；表被动关系用过去分词；表示将来发生的事情用不定式,句子改错,1.There is about four thousand students in our school.,2.There are much water in the bowl.,3.There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.,-,Many people,do,exercises in the park every morning.,-,There are,many people,doing,exercises in the park every morning.,are,is,句子改错,There are two boys are waiting for you.,-,Two boys,are waiting,for you,.,-,There are,two boys,(who are),waiting,for you.,There be句型的拓展句型：,There,live(s)/stand(s)/lie(s)/exist(s,),+,主语,有,There,has/have been,+,主语,“,已有”,There,will be,+,主语,“,将有”,There,used to be,+,主语,“,过去曾经有”,There,must be,+,主语,“一定有”,There,happen to be,+,主语,“,碰巧有”,There,seem(s)/appear(s)to be,+,主语,“好像有”,There,is/are likely to be,+,主语,“,很有可能有”,(1)灯亮着，办公室里,肯定有人,。,The light is on,.,There must be,someone in the office.,(2)战前这儿一直,有,家电影院的。,There used to be,a cinema here before the war.,(3),恰好,那时房里,没人,。,There happened to be,nobody in the room.,(4)我家门前,有,一条河。,There lies/is a river,in front of my house.,(5)Guangzhou，an ancient city _(,有,2200多年的文明历史),is developing rapidly too.,with a cultural history of more than 2,200 years,There be 的高级句型,1.There is no doubt that.毫无疑问,Eg.There was no doubt that,he was telling the truth，but his mother didnt believe him.,毫无疑问，他说的是实话，可他妈妈不相信。,2.There is some doubt whether.尚有疑问。,Eg.There is some doubt whether,he can overcome the difficulty.他能否克服困难尚有疑问。,3.There is no need to do sth.(It is unnecessary to do sth.)没必要做某事。,Eg.There is no need,to tell such bad news to her.,没必要把这个坏消息告诉她。,4.There is no sense/point in doing sth.做没有意义。,Eg.,There is no sense in,waiting,here without knowing when he will come back.,在这里傻等而不知道他什么时候回，一点意义都没有。,5.There is no use(in)doing sth.(It is useless to do sth.)做某事没用。,Eg.,There is no use(in)arguing,with him about it again.,再跟他争论此事没有用。,6.There is no denying.(=It is impossible to deny)无可否认/抵赖。,Eg.There is no denying the fact that,Japan invaded China.,日本侵华历史不容否认。,7.There is no telling.(=It is impossible to tell.)无法知道,Eg.There is no telling,who will win the game as both players are very excellent.,两个选手都非常优秀，现在无法预知谁会赢得比赛。,There be 的高级句型,基础写作解题技巧,审题：时态，人称，主题,整理信息：把要点分为五句话,选词：列出关键词,造句：写句子,成篇：运用过渡词或连词把文章连成一篇短文，使文章连贯流畅。,上个月我们,进行,了一次数学测试。,Last month,we,had,a math test/exam.,碰巧有一道数学题,除了我以外没有人能,做,出来。,There happened to be a math problem,that nobody could,do/work out/solve,except/but me.,我的好朋友约翰,想抄,我的答案.,My best friend John,wanted,to copy my answer.,他,扔给,我一张纸条,问,我要答案。,He,threw,me a piece of paper to ask(me)for the answer.,我,没有理睬,。,I ignored it/him.,这次测试以后我们,吵了一架,.,After the test,we,had a quarrel,with each other./we,quarrelled with,each other.,自此我们之间,一直存在,很大的误解。,Since,then,there had been a great misunderstanding,between us.,后来，我向他,解释,我为什么,拒绝,给他答案的原因,Later,I,explained to him(the reason,)why I refused to give him answer.,我们又,成为,了好朋友。,We,became,good friends again.,Suggested answer,Last month,we,had,a math test,and,there happened to be,a very difficult problem in the test,that,nobody except me could,work out,.My best John,wanted,to copy my answer,and then/so,he,threw,me a piece of paper to ask me to give him my answer,but,I,ignored,it.,So,after the test we,had,a quarrel,and,since then,there had been a great misunderstanding,between us.,Later,I,explained,to him why I,refused,to give him my answer in a test,and,finally we,became,good friends again.,