学术英语医学.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,学术英语 医学,Academic English for Medicine,第1页,Unit 1,Doctors Life,Doctors are thought as noble,respectable,and caring,but it is really common to read or hear about the complaints of doctors being impatient and careless.What are the causes for such complaints?How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?This unit explores doctors life from different perspectives so that you can understand them better.,第2页,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Unit Contents,Lead-in,Text A,Text B,Text C,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Get,reading for Unit 2,第3页,Lead-in,Questions to be answered,Brainstorm,Additional activity,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第4页,Lead-in,Questions to be answered,What are the causes for complaints of doctors being impatient and careless?,What kind of life does a doctor lead?,How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第5页,Lead-in,Brainstorm,Brainstorm a list of words and expressions related to a doctors life and practice.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第6页,Lead-in,Additional activity,What do they mean for a doctor?,a decent career,a noble calling,respectable,knowledgeable,under great pressure,underpaid,mistrusted,dangerous,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第7页,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Questions for discussion,Topics for presentation,Useful expressions,Difficult sentences,Language building-up,Signpost language,Formal English,Vocabulary test,Suggested answers,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第8页,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Questions for discussion,How do you interpret the title?,neuron overload,juggling physician,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第9页,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Topics for presentation,1 Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors dont listen?,neuron overload,patients high expectations,mistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physician,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第10页,2 Describe Mrs.Osorios condition.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第11页,Text A,Useful expressions,a 56-year-old woman,somewhat overweight,reasonably well-controlled,diabetes,and,hyper,tension,cholesterol,on the high side without any medications for this,not as much exercise as she should,thinning of her bones on last,DEXA scan,stressful but good about keeping her appointments and getting her blood tests,generally healthy,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第12页,Text A,Useful expressions,in my,practice,/in a,medical practice,overweight,diabetes,hypertension,cholesterol,on the high side,DEXA,scan,thinning,of her bones/,lower density,stressful,life,keep her appointments,blood tests,generally healthy,an,average,patient,not excessively,complicated,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第13页,Text A,Topics for presentation,3 What are the good and bad things about Mrs.Osorios conditions that run through the authors mind?,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第14页,Text A,Useful expressions,Good Things,Blood tests done,Glucose a little better,Her blood pressure good but not great,Bad Things,Her weight a little up,Her bones a little thin on the DEXA,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第15页,Text A,Useful expressions,20-min,consultation,glucose,starting a statin,liver,enzymes,normal,five fruits and vegetables diet choices,30 min of walking each day exercise,morning sugars compare to her evening sugars,the nutrition,ist,/her eye doctor/the podiat,rist,blood pressure,add another,BP,med,more pills,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第16页,Text A,Useful expressions,start a bisphosphonate,prevent,osteo,porosis,experiencing just the usual,stress,of life,lurking,depression,or,anxiety,disorder,the depression questionnaire,health,maintenance,her last,mammo,gram,PAP,smear,colono,scopy,a tetanus,booster,qualify for a,pneumo,nia,vaccine,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第17页,Text A,Topics for presentation,4 Describe the situation when Mrs.Ororio might send the authors delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第18页,Text A,Useful expressions,The author was,in moderate state of panic,:juggling so many thoughts about Mrs.Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all,before the clock ran down,.,Mrs.Osorio made a trivial request,not so important as compared to her conditions.,Mrs.Osorio seemed to care only about her“,innocentand completely justifiedrequest,”:the form signed by her doctor.,The doctor tried to or at least pretend to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation.,Complaints that doctors dont listen might have other reasons than just doctors neuron overload.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第19页,Text A,Useful expressions,the,diet-and-exercise,discussion,not,making eye contact,with Mrs.Osorio,(communication skills),get,her lab,results,check,her mammogram,report,document,the,progress,of her illnesses,order,the,tests,refill,her,prescriptions,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第20页,Text A,Useful expressions,her,insurance company,/,insurance form,/lose my,coverage,do her physical examination,her back pain,anything more than,routine,muscle strain,place into accurate and thorough,documentation,inter,act,with my patient,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第21页,5,Compare multitasking in human beings and computers.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第22页,Text A,Useful expressions,Multi,tasking originated in computer science.,Micro,processors in fact linear,actually performing only one task at a time.,Multitasking just as an illusion both in computer and humans.,At best,Human juggling only a handful of thoughts in this manner.,The more,thoughts we juggle,the less,we are able to attune fully to any given thought.,Multitasking as a recipe for disaster,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第23页,Text A,Useful expressions,an,insurance company form,order,her mammogram,refill,only five of her six medicines,fully explain,the side-effects of one of her medications,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第24页,6,Use numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第25页,Text A,Useful expressions,7,medical issues to consider,5,separate thoughts,at least,for each issue,7 X 5=35,thoughts,10,patients that afternoon,35 X 10=350,5,residents under the authors supervision,4,patients seen by each residents,10,thoughts,at least,generated by each patients,5 X 4 X 10=200,350+200=550,thoughts to be handled,in total,If the doctor does a good job juggling,98%,of the time,that still leaves,ten,thoughts that might get lost in the process.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第26页,Text A,Useful expressions,medical issues to consider,supervise five,residents,in a working day,a disastrous outcome,a possible,lawsuit,Most doctors are,reasonably competent,caring individuals,but the overwhelming swirl of thoughts that we must keep track of leaves many of us,in a perpetual panic,that something serious might slip.,This is what keeps us,awake at night,.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第27页,7,What are possible solutions to the impossible high-wire act of juggling,competing details and panicking about slipping a critical one?,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第28页,Text A,Useful expressions,computer-generated reminders,case managers,ancillary services,the simplest:time,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第29页,Text A,Useful expressions,an hour for each patient a spectacular doctor,Situation in China?,the choices that,practicing physicians,face every day,with every patient,rely on our,clinical judgment,to prioritise,transplant field,a dedicated and competent,clinical partner,such as a,one-on-one nurse,medical budgets,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第30页,Text A,Difficult Sentences,1 that one stray request from a patienteven one that is quite relevantmight send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.(Para.1),如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提纲求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱旳平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目旳大马戏场突然崩塌一样。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第31页,2.Im piling yet another pill onto her.(Para.3),我还要再给她另加一种药,Text A,Difficult Sentences,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第32页,Text A,Difficult Sentences,shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire(Para.4),她让我如火如荼旳思路戛然而止,My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay.(Para.4),我旳本能反映是举手，制止她打断我旳思路。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第33页,Text A,Difficult Sentences,We merely,zip back and forth,between them,generally losing accuracy in the process.(Para.7),我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回迅速转换，一般,状况下，在转换旳过程中丢失了精确。,The more,thoughts we juggle,the less,we are able to attune fully to any given thought.(Para.8),The higher up,the heavier the fall.,The more,the better,.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第34页,Text A,Difficult Sentences,My choices seem to,boil down to,entertaining fewer thoughts,accepting decreased accuracy for each thought,giving up on thorough documentation,or having a constant headache from neuronal overload.(Para.10),boil down to:,归结为,It boils down to a question of ethics.,它可归结成一种伦理学问题,。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第35页,Text A,Difficult Sentences,In some cases,having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse can come close to simulating a second brain,but most medical budgets dont allow for such staffing indulgence.(Para.12),有些状况下，有个专注、杰出旳临床伙伴，如一对一旳护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，但是大多数医疗预算不会如此大方，这样配备人员。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,第36页,Text A,Language Building-up,Signpost Language,An innocentand completely justifiedrequest,but (Para.5),What is the function of the parentheses/dashes in the sentence?,Parenthetical statements,:inserting additional information without creating a separate sentence and are often demonstrated by parentheses and dash.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第37页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English,Degree of formality should be determined by,the audience,the expectations of the audience,the writers purposes,For example,the writer of Text A employs,informal,language when recording her,juggling thoughts,and a noticeable shift from that of the,rest of the article,where,formal,style is consistently maintained.,A juggling mind,is vividly presented by,informal and even ungrammatical use of language,such as,“,Maybe leave this until next time?,”,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第38页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,It is used in official,literary,academic writing,or formal social events.,It is more commonly used in writing than speech.,Sentences are often long and complex.,Contractions are avoided.,Informal English,It is used in everyday personal conversations or letters to friends.,It is more commonly used in everyday speech than in writing.,Sentences are often short and simple.,Contractions are common.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第39页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,The passive voice is often used,making it sound impersonal.,Much vocabulary derived from French and Latin is used.,Colloquial terms,slangs and many phrasal verbs are avoided.,Informal English,The active voice is often used.,Vocabulary derived from French and Latin is not used.,Colloquial terms,slangs and many phrasal verbs are common.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第40页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,The researchers,identified,the,important properties,.,Doctors have,established,a new method.,This,appeared to rectify,the problem,Informal English,The researchers,found out,what,the important things,were.,Doctors have,come up with,a new method.,This,seemed to fix,the problem,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第41页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,His words,demonstrate that,Details of the report are to be found,on Page 26.,The experiment was,carried out/performed,.,Informal English,His words,show that,You,can find out all about,the report on page 26.,They,did,an experiment.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,第42页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,1 Good thing she did her blood tests.Glucose is a little better.Cholesterol isnt great.May need to think about starting a statin.Are her liver enzymes normal?(Para.3),Good signs include that she did her blood tests,and that her glucose level is a little better.However,her cholesterol level isnt great,and I may need to consider prescribing a statin for her.Furthermore,I wondered if her liver enzymes are normal.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Task 3 Rewrite the following sentences from Text A with a more formal style.,第43页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,2 Has she been to the eye doctor?The podiatrist?(Para.3),Unit 1 Doctors Life,Has she been to the eye doctor and the podiatrist?,第44页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,3 But now Im piling yet another pill onto her,and one that requires detailed instructions.Maybe leave this until next time?(Para.3),Unit 1 Doctors Life,But now Im piling yet another pill onto her,and the pill requires detailed instructions.“Maybe,should I leave this until next time?”I thought.,第45页,Text A,Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,4 Health maintenance:when was her last mammogram?PAP smear?(Para.3),Unit 1 Doctors Life,To my mind came her health maintenance.I asked myself,“When did she receive her last mammogram and PAP smear?”,第46页,Text A,Vocabulary test,_ overload,（神通过载）,a typical office _（典型旳诊所就诊）,DEXA _（DEXA扫描）,medical _（行医）,visit,scan,practice,neuron/neuronal,_ report,（乳房,X-,线检查报告）,_ examination,（体检）,_ of a medication,（药物旳副作用）,mammogram,side-effects,physical,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Language Building-up,第47页,Text A,Vocabulary test,_control（血压控制）,health _（健康保持）,perpetual _（永久旳恐慌）,_ physicians（执业医生）,_ field（移植领域）,medical _（医疗预算）,paracetamol _（扑热息痛药片）,_ cap（防孩子打开旳盖子）,panic,blood pressure,maintenance,practicing,transplant,budget,tablet,childproof,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Language Building-up,第48页,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Task 1.2 Match each of the following English term and Chinese equivalent.,pneumothorax,nutrient,hypertension,colonoscopy,mammectomy,refill,neuralgia,podiatrist,nutritionist,osteoporosis,neuron,transmit,transplant,pneumonia,mammogram,a.,移植,b.,高血压,c.,乳房,X,线照片,d.,结肠镜检查（术）,e.,神经元，神经细胞,f.,肺炎,g.,营养物,h.,神经痛,i.,营养学家,j.,再配（处方）,k.,气胸,l.,传染,m.,骨质疏松,n.,足病医生,o.,乳房切除术,k,g,b,d,o,j,h,n,i,m,e,i,a,f,c,第49页,Text A,Suggested answers language building-up,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Task 1.2 Match each of the following definitions with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.,English,Chinese,Definition,1,examination of the colon with a colonoscope,2,abnormally elevated blood pressure,3,an x-ray image of the breast,4,nerve cell,5,one who is trained or an expert in the field of,nutrition,6,a disease in w