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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题十七,阅读七选五,第1页,阅读七选五,意在考查考生篇章结构和语篇逻辑能力,所以,考试必须搞清文章主旨大意和框架结构、掌握语篇衔接伎俩,把握句际和段际之间逻辑关系,才可有效解题。七选五阅读题解题步骤是,:,一、速读全文,把握主旨速读全文,主要是首段和末段,及首句和末句。初步把握文章主要内容。二、精读选项,锁定关键词阅读各个选项,标识出其中关键词,重点关注句子主语和宾语。,第2页,三、细读空格前后,圈定线索词阅读设空前后句子,圈定线索词,并与从选项中找出关键词进行匹配,可能是相同词,也可能是意思相近词和词组,目标是确定答案。四、通读全文,复核答案再阅读文章和相关词句,检验是否结构连贯,语义通顺,逻辑合理。,北京大学吴瑕,第3页,第4页,第5页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,Passage,1,(,全国,),If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.,1,The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.,2,We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.,第6页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.,3,Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.,4,We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.,5,It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.,第7页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,A.This time there was no tent.,B.Things are going to be improved.,C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.,D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.,E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.,F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.,G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.,第8页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,【答案与解析】,【语篇解读】,作者主要讲述了自己从一开始不喜欢露营,到最终爱上了露营经历。作者认为每个人都会发觉自己回归自然方式并提议人们寻找自己方式。,1.D,上文提到在作者看来,露营者是喜欢被虫咬、吃做得很糟糕饭和睡不舒适睡袋人,这些人和他没有共同之处。由此可知,所填句子和上文有转折关系,D,项符合上下文语境。,2.C,依据上文,“The,friends,who,introduced,me,to,camping.”,和下文,“We,slept,in,a,tent,cooked,over,an,open,fire,and,walked,a,long,distance,to,take,the,shower.”,可知,C,项符合。,第9页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,3.A,依据上文,“We,slept,in a tent.”,和下文,“Instead,we,had,a,pop-up,camper,with,comfortable,beds,and,an,air,conditioner.”,可知,作者这次睡不是帐篷。,A,项,“,这次没有帐篷,”,与上下文语境一致。,4.F,依据,“We,have,done,a,lot,of,it,since.Recently,we,bought,a,twenty-eight-foot,travel,trailer.”,可知,F,项,“,那次旅行后,我们一家人对露营产生了浓厚兴趣,”,是这么做原因。,5.E,依据下文,“It,must,be,true,that,sooner,or,later,everyone,finds,his,or,her,way,back,to,nature.”,可知,这是作者从自己经历做出推测,所以,E,项,“,我必须说我必定开始喜欢露营了,”,符合语境。,第10页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,Passage,2,(,全国,),Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.,1,there are several ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now.,2,.Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.,When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then.,3,.It can help to eliminate(,消除)future interruptions.,第11页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,When you need to talk to someone,dont do it in your own office.,4,its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.,If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.,5,.If someone knocks and its not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(,暗示)that when the door is closed,youre not to be disturbed.,第12页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,A.If youre busy,dont feel bad about saying no,B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work,C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes,D.If youre in the other persons office or in a public area,E.Its important that you let them know when youll be available,F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you,G.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not,第13页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,【答案与解析】,【语篇解读】,本文是说明文。工作时被来访客人打搅是非常令人棘手问题,本文介绍了应付被打搅情况几个方法。,1.B,前文说,在你努力地完成工作时,被打搅是最坏事情之一。后文说,下文就是处理这类问题方法。分析句子结构可知,这里需要填写一个状语从句,结合前面提醒词,Interruptions,可知选,B,项。,B,项起到了承上启下连接作用。,2.A,从后面,“Tell,the,person,youre,sorry,and,explain,that.”,可知,作者勉励人们拒绝这种打搅,所以选,A,项,假如你忙,不要因为拒绝而感到为难。,第14页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,3.E,上文说,当人们试图打搅你工作时候,你要定下时间计划,让他们知道在要求时间回来找你或者你去找他们。下文说,这能帮助消除以后他们打搅。所以这里应该是,让他们知道你什么时候有空非常主要。故,E,项正确。,4.D,前文说,假如你需要和某人谈话,别在你自己办公室里。所以选,D,项,意思是,:,假如你在他人办公室里或者在一个公共场所,那就更轻易脱身。,5.G,前文说,假如你办公室有门,要好好利用它。由后文解释可知这里是说,你有空时候把门敞开,你没空时候就把门关上。所以,G,项正确。,第15页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,Passage,3,(,全国,),Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.,1,Heres how to make one.,2,In order to make a change,you need to decide why its important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day?Once you are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.,第16页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some time the night before by setting out clothes,shoes,and bags.,3,Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.,Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If youre tired out by Friday night,sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found.,4,Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After youve tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record.,5,If not,take another look at other methods you could try.,第17页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,A.Get a sleep specialist.,B.Find the right motivation.,C.A better plan for sleep can help.,D.And consider setting a second alarm.,E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.,F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.,G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.,第18页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,【答案与解析】,【语篇解读】,本文是说明文。文章主要介绍早上轻易醒来关键在于重新调整生物钟,对睡眠有个好规划将大有裨益。然后讲述了制订规划几个方法。,1.C,此句为过渡句。承上启下,依据下文,“Here,is,how,to,make,one.”,可知,此处表示对睡眠有个好规划将大有裨益。,one,相当于上文,a,better,place,。,2.B,此句为主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题,“Rethink,mornings.”,相一致,然后依据下文内容,“,你是为了起床和家庭共进早餐、晨练,还是为了更加好地休息,为一天做好准备,?,一旦明确了你理由,告诉你家人或室友你想要做改变。,”,可知,此处应为,B,项。,第19页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,3.G,此句为过渡句。依据下文,“Thats,a,quarter-hour,more,you,could,be,sleeping,if,you,bought,a,coffee,maker,with,a,timer.”,可知,重新考虑排队等候咖啡,15,分钟时间,假如你买一个定时咖啡壶,你就能够多享受,15,分钟睡眠了。,4.F,此句为概括句。依据上文可知,周六美美地补一觉是不错,但研究表明,这么会影响下周睡眠。所以,不论白天是否休息,都要恪守你作息时间。,5.E,此句为过渡句。依据下文,“If,not,take,another,look,at,other,methods,you,could,try.”,可知,尝试了一个新方法一周后,查看一下统计,假如起作用就坚持,不起作用就另寻他法。,第20页,Passage,4,(,全国,),A,garden,thats,just,right,for,you,Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(,总和)of its parts?,1,.But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.,2,Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(,肥料).,3,.However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,第21页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,Recall(,回想)your childhood memories,Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad,but thats not whats important.,4,-how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.,5,.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.,第22页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,A.Know why you garden,B.Find a good place for your own garden,C.Its our experience of the garden that matters,D.Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowers,E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants,F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too,G.For each of those gardens,write down the strongest memory you have,第23页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,【答案与解析】,【语篇解读】,本文为说明文。搭建属于自己花园,亲近自然,体验种植高兴,重温童年时代美好记忆。,1.F,此句为过渡句,承上启下,依据下文,“But,it,doesnt,happen,by,accident.”,可知,此处要表示自己也能创造出这种效果。故,F,项适当。,2.A,此处为标题句,首先形式上要与第二个标题,“Recall(,回想,),your,childhood,memories”,相一致,所以答案在,A,与,B,两项之间选择,依据后面,“However,there,are,a,number,of,other,reasons.”,可知,此段主要介绍要了解自己种植原因。,第24页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,3.E,此处为过渡句。依据开头提及,“Some,people,may,think.”,以及后面,“.other,reasons”,可知,此处表示,“,也有另一部分人纯粹是喜欢待在室外亲近自然,”,。故选,E,项。,4.C,此处为过渡句。承接前一句,“.but,thats,not,whats,important.”,以及依据下文破折号后做出解释能够看出,此处要表示,“,终究什么是主要,”,故选,C,项。,5.G,此处为过渡句。依据前一句中,“.recall,the,gardens,of,your,youth.”,回想自己儿时花园,以及下文,“.work,out,a,plan,to,translate,your,childhood,memories,into,your,grown-up,garden.”,将这些回想变成真正花园,可知此处表示,“,将记忆最深刻地方写下来,”,故选,G,项。,第25页,Passage,5,(,全国,),Secret codes(,密码)keep messages private.Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.,People have used secret codes for thousands of years.,1,Code breaking never lags(,落后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.,There are three main types of cryptography.,2,For example,the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”,3,You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message“Meet me”would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,第26页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book.,4,For example,“bridge”might stand for“meet”and“out”might stand for“me.”The message“Bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.”,5,However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.,第27页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.,B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.,C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.,D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.,E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.,F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.,G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,第28页,【答案与解析】,【语篇解读】,本文为说明文。主要介绍了设置密码主要性和必要性、密码历史、隐藏信息方式以及密码本主要性。,1.D,依据下文出现,Code,breaking,可知,此处介绍是破译密码内容,所以选择,D,项,“,只要有密码存在,人们就试图破译它,”,。,2.E,依据下文举出例子可知,此处介绍是隐藏信息方式之一,:,把信息隐藏在每一个单词首字母中,然后把首字母拼在一起,信息就出来了。,3.G,依据下文举出例子可知,此处介绍是隐藏信息另一个方式,:,用符号或数字代替特定字母。,4.F,依据上文出现,a,code,book,以及下文列举例子可知,此处说明,用一本密码本,你能够写下代表其它单词词语。,5.A,依据下文出现,also,hard,以及,a,code,book,可知,此处想要说明是,没有密码本想要破解密码是很困难。,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,第29页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,Passage,6,(,全国,),Everyone knows that fish is good for health.,1,But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying,storing,and cooking fish isnt difficult.,2,This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.,3,Fresh fish should smell sweet:you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.,4,When you have bought a fish and arrive home,youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.,第30页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,There are many common methods used to cook fish.,5,First,clean it and season it with your choice of spices(,调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then,its ready to serve.,A.Do not buy it.,B.The easiest is to steam it.,C.This is how you can do it.,D.It just requires a little knowledge.,E.The fish will go bad within hours.,F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.,G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.,第31页,【答案与解析】,【语篇解读】,本文为说明文。大家都知道鱼对人健康有好处,本文主要告诉读者怎样用一个简单方法来买鱼和烧鱼。,1.G,依据该段第一句内容可知,鱼对人健康有好处,故此处应谈论鱼对人健康到底有什么好处。,G,项内容能够起到承接上文作用。,2.D,上一句提到鱼购置、贮存和烹调并不难,故,D,项,“,它只需要一些知识。,”,符合本段语境。,3.F,依据空后句子主要讲述关于,“,买鱼时要闻鱼气味,”,可知,F,项能够与下文相辅相成。故选,F,项。,4.A,依据上一句可知,任何鱼腥或刺鼻气味都说明鱼不新鲜了。故此处用,A,项来承接上文。,5.B,依据空前句子,“,有各种常见烧鱼方法。,”,以及下文主要讲述怎样蒸鱼可知,B,项,“,最简单方法就是蒸鱼,”,符合语境。,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,第32页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,Passage,7,(,四川,),Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.,1,In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.,One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.,2,Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(,生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.,第33页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,3,They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men.,4,Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging,but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(,倾向)to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.,5,第34页,试做真题,透析真题,高手必备,萃取高招,对点精练,A.However,women,on average,live longer.,B.The biological factor plays an important part.,C.Women are also helped by their female genes.,D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.,E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.,F.Therefore,women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.,G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body
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