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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,语法专题七非谓语动词,-,2,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-,3,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2014,福建,)For those with family members far,away,the,personal computer and the phone are important in,staying,connected,.,对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。,(2014,北京,)The film star wears,sunglasses.Therefore,he,can go shopping without,being,recognized,.,这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。,-,4,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点,二,非谓语动词的时态和语态,1,.,不定式、动词,-,ing,形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。不定式、动词,-,ing,形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。,They worked day and,night,sending,supplies to the flood areas.,他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。,(,虽然,send,动作已经完成,但相对于,work,来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用,having sent),-,5,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2014,福建,),Having,spent,the past year as an exchange student in Hong,Kong,Linda,appears more mature than those of her age.,作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。,(,先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态,),I,m sorry,to,have,kept,you,waiting,long.,对不起让您久等了。,(,先等待,然后说对不起,),(2014,北京,)There are still many problems,to,be,solved,before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(,问题被解决,),在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。,-,6,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,2,.being done,所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。,Being,exposed,to the sun for so long will do harm to our skin.,暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。,(,只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行,),3,.,判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑,主语,:,作定语,时,被修饰的词是其逻辑,主语,;,作状语,时,句子的主语是其逻辑,主语,;,作补足语,时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。,The teacher came,in,following,our monitor.,老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。,-,7,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-,8,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-,9,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-,10,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2015,陕西,)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting,Actress,Anne,Benedict,went,on,to,thank,all the people who had helped in her career.,获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮,本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。,注意,:,动词不定式和动词,-,ing,形式做主语或宾语时,可以用,it,做形式主语或者形式宾语。,It,s no use,arguing,with him.,与他争吵没有用。,I think it easy to,have,done,so much in only one day.,我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。,-,11,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点,四,非,谓语动词,作状语,1,.,非谓语动词,及其短语,作状语,时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用,doing,表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作,;having done,表示,do,的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用,done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用,having been done,。,-,12,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2015,湖南,)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic,smile,she,stood rooted to the,ground,wondering,whether to stay or leave.,当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。,The teachers stood there,talking,surrounded,by the,students.(The,teachers,和,talk,之间为主动关系,The teachers,和,surround,之间为被动关系,),Having,been,shown,around the,lab,the,visitors went to the,library.(be,shown around“,被带领参观,”,的动作完成之后,才发生,went,这个动作,),-,13,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2014,天津,)Clearly and thoughtfully,written,the,book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.,这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。,(,不强调,write,的动作先完成,只是强调,the book,和,write,之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的,write,只表被动,不表完成,),表示时间关系的非谓语动词,(,短语,),可由连词,when/while,引导。,While,working,they,listened to the songs.,工作的时候,他们听着歌。,-,14,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,2,.,作目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词,-,ing,形式和动词,-,ed,形式一般作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。,不定式放句首作状语,只表目的,;,作结果状语时表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词,-,ing,形式不能表示目的,作结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果,(,同时发生,),有时在前面加上,thus,谓语动词与动词,-,ing,形式是因果关系。,(2014,湖南,),To,free,ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.,要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。,-,15,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,3,.,要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。,To,improve,English,his father bought him many books.()(improve,的逻辑主语为,he,而不是,his father),Walking,in the street,a car knocked the boy down.()(walk,的逻辑主语为,the boy,而不是,a car),4,.,不定式可以跟在表示,“,喜、怒、哀、乐,”,的形容词后面作原因状语或用于,too.to do sth.,so.as to do sth.,enough.to do sth.,等结构中作结果状语。,I am happy,to,meet,you here.,我很高兴在这里遇到你。,The boy is old enough,to,go,to school.,这个男孩足够大,能上学了。,-,16,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,5,.,独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如,considering.(,鉴于,/,考虑到,);generally speaking(,一般来说,);judging by/from.(,从,来看,依据,来判断,);supposing that.(,假如,);providing that.(,假如,);owing to.(,由于,);speaking of.(,谈及,);given.(,考虑到,);provided that.(,如果,);to tell the truth(,实话实说,);to be honest(,老实说,),等。,Generally,speaking,it is hot in summer in this area.,一般来说,这个地区夏天很热。,-,17,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-,18,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-,19,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,-,20,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,注意,:,find,leave,(,使,处于某种状态,),keep(,使,保持某种状态,),后一般跟动词,-,ing,形式和动词,-,ed,形式,作补足语,而不跟动词不定式。,What you said left me,thinking,.,你所说的令我思考。,-,21,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点,六,非,谓语动词,作定语,1,.,不定式,作定语,不定式,作定语,可,表示该动作尚未发生,;,被修饰的词为,ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief,等抽象名词时一般,用不定式,作定语,;,不定式常用于不定代词或被,the first/next/only/last,等修饰的,名词后,作定语,;,如果,作定语,的,不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。,(2013,四川,)The airport,to,be,completed,next year will help promote tourism in this area.,明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。,-,22,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,He has a chance and has become the first,to,go,abroad in our town.,他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。,He wanted to find a house,to,live,in,.,他想找个房子居住。,2,.,动词,-,ing,形式,作定语,当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时,用动词,-,ing,形式,;,当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用,being done,的形式,;,当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时,要用,having been done,的形式,having been done,不,作定语,。,动词,-,ing,形式,作定语,一般,要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词,-,ing,形式,作定语,表示,被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,-,23,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,Today there are more airplanes,carrying,more people than ever before in the skies.,与以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。,The houses,being,built,are for the students.,正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。,A,sleeping,pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.,安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。,3,.,动词,-,ed,形式,作定语,动词,-,ed,形式,作定语,与,被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词,-,ed,形式,作定语,表示,被动和完成,少数不及物动词,-,ed,形式,作定语,只,表示完成,不表被动。,The,retired,worker is sweeping the,fallen,leaves on the road.,这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。,-,24,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点,七,独立主格结构,独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语,(,名词或代词充当,),和谓语,(,一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当,),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。,“,with+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,”,也是独立主格结构的一种形式。,-,25,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,(2015,江苏,),Much,time,spent,sitting at a,desk,office,workers are generally troubled by health problems.,大部分时间都坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。,(2014,山东潍坊联考,)The trees there are extremely,tall,some,measuring,over 90 meters.,那里的树非常高,有些高达,90,多米。,With,nothing,to,do,they,went out for a walk.,因无事可做,他们便出去散步了。,-,26,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点,八,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,1,.,在,“,be+,表示特征、性质的形容词,+,不定式,”,结构中,常用的形容词有,:,easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong,等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是,“,不及物动词,+,介词,”,的形式。,He is easy,to,get,along,with,.,他很容易相处。,-,27,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,2,.,不定式与疑问词连用时。,I don,t know,what,to,do,.,我不知道做什么。,3,.,某些动词,(,如,blame/seek/let),的不定式与,be,动词连用时。,He is,to,blame,for the accident.,他应为此次事故负责任。,-,28,-,.,用所给单词的适当形式填空,1,.(2015,课标全国,)A study of travelers,conducted,(conduct,)by the website,TripAdvisor,names,Yangshuo,as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.,2,.(2015,课标全国,)When a new day,breaks,the,walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough,to,cool,(cool,)the house during the hot day.,3,.(2015,重庆改编,),Raised,(raise,)in the poorest area of,Glasgow,he,had a,long,hard,road to becoming a football star.,4,.(2015,湖南改编,)Video games can be a poor influence if,left,(leave,)in the wrong hands.,5,.(2015,河南洛阳,12,月统考改编,)In a single moment I felt the heaviness of the day,transformed,(transform,)into lightness of a feather.,解析,解析,关闭,1,.conducted,分析句子结构可知,此处用过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰,a study,。,2,.to cool,由空前的,are now cold enough,可知,此处用,cool,的不定式形式。,3,.Raised,分析句子结构可知,所填部分在句中作状语,且,raise,与主语,he,之间是动宾关系,故应用过去分词。句意,:,他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养长大,成为足球明星的道路漫长而艰辛。,4,.left,分析句子结构可知,if,引导的从句中没有主语,因此为省略结构,其逻辑主语为,video games,video games,和,leave,之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词,填,left,。句意,:,如果控制不当,电子游戏可能造成不良影响。,5,.transformed,句意,:,感到一天的劳累像羽毛一样轻了。,the heaviness of the day,与,transform,之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词作宾语补足语。,-,29,-,6,.(2015,山西四校联考改编,)So she developed her love of,reading,(read,).,7,.(2015,四川宜宾一诊改编,),Buried,(bury,)in heavy,schoolwork,most,senior three students have no free time to do what they want.,8,.(2015,广州调研改编,)The,officer,after,recovering,(recover,)from the,shock,began,yelling at Sam.,9,.(2015,安徽黄山第二次质检改编,),To,compete,(compete,)more effectively with,others,more,and more people equip themselves with higher education.,10,.(2015,吉林省实验中学第四次模拟改编,),Asked,(ask,)why he studied the,language,Mr.Zuckerberg,said his wife Priscilla Chan,s family members speak Chinese.,解析,解析,关闭,关闭,6,.reading,介词后面应跟动词的,-,ing,形式作宾语,故填,reading,。,7,.Buried,句意,:,埋头于大量的作业,大部分高三的学生没有自由时间做自己想做的事情。根据词组,bury oneself in“,埋头于,”,题干中的主语应是,bury,的动作承受者,故填,Buried,。,8,.recovering,句意,:,当从震惊中恢复过来,长官开始对萨姆大声喊叫。,after,是介词,后面用动词的,-,ing,形式作宾语。,9,.To compete,句意,:,为了和其他人更有效地竞争,越来越多的人接受高等教育来武装自己。题干中缺少目的状语,只有不定式可作目的状语。,10,.Asked,句意,:,当被问到为什么学习这种语言时,Zuckerberg,先生说他妻子,(Priscilla Chan),的家人说汉语。此处为非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语,Mr.Zuckerberg,与,ask,之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。,-,30,-,11,.(2015,甘肃部分普通高中联考改编,),Encouraged,(encourage),the,team conducted another experiment.,12,.(2015,北京东城下学期综合测试改编,)Good,news!There,s,a supermarket,to be built,(build)in this area next month!,Cool!It,will be convenient for us when it,s open.,13,.(2015,成都二诊改编,),Determined,(determine,)to make his fortune in South,America,Mark,Twain set off from his home for New Orleans in his teens.,14,.(2015,安徽江南十校联考改编,)There he,was,standing,still where I had left him and opening his mouth as if,to,say,(say,)something.,15,.(2015,河南洛阳,12,月统考改编,)I can,t remember her face now but,recalling,(recall)the,incident makes me happy.,解析,解析,关闭,11,.Encouraged,此处,为分词,作状语,主语,team,与,encourage,之间是动宾关系,故填,Encouraged,。,12,.to be built,句意,:,好消息,!,下个月在这个地区将要建一座超市。,爽,!,它开业后将方便我们大家。根据题干中的,next month,判断该动作在将来发生,supermarket,是,build,的动作承受者,应用不定式的被动式。,13,.Determined,句意,:,马克,吐温决定在南美发财,10,多岁的时候就离开家乡去新奥尔良了。,be determined to do,sth,.“,下定决心做某事,”,此处应用过去,分词形式,作状语,。,14,.to say,句意,:,他一动不动地站在我离开他的地方,张开嘴好像要说什么。状语从句补充完整就是,as if he was to say something,。,15,.recalling,句意,:,现在我不记得她的样子,但回忆这件事会让我感到快乐。句中,but,是连词,连接并列句,;,后一分句中缺主语,故填,recalling,。此处用动词的,-,ing,形式做主语。,-,31,-,16,.(2015,吉林东北师大附中第三次摸底改编,)I knew she needed my,help,and,her smile was enough,to,make,(make,)my day.,17,.(2015,重庆巴蜀中学模拟改编,)People tend to love agricultural products,grown,(grow,)without the use of,fertilizers,pesticides,or chemical additives.,18,.(2014,江西改编,)When it comes to,speaking,(speak,)in,public,no,one can match him.,19,.(2014,浙江改编,)Amie,Salmon,disabled,is,attended throughout her school days by a nurse,appointed,(appoint,)to guard her.,20,.(2014,山东改编,)There,s a note pinned to the door,saying,(say,)when the shop will open again.,解析,解析,关闭,16,.to make,enough to do,sth,.,固定短语,表示,“,足够做某事,”,。,17,.grown,句意,:,人们趋向喜欢不使用肥料灭虫剂和化学添加剂的农产品。,grow,为及物动词,products,为动作承受者,用,过去分词,作定语,。,18,.speaking,句意,:,当谈到在公共场合演讲时,没有人能比得上他。,when it comes to“,当谈到,”,其中,to,为介词,其后接名词或动词,-,ing,形式。,19,.appointed,appoint“,任命,指派,”,与,nurse,之间是被动关系,所以用,appointed,做其后置定语。句意,:,埃米,塞尔蒙是一名残疾人,在其整个上学期间,由一名指派的护士专门看护她。,20,.saying,分析句子可知,此处要用非谓语动词修饰前面的名词,a note,且,note,与,say,之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故要用动词,-,ing,形式的一般式做后置定语。句意,:,在门上钉着一张字条,上面说商店何时将会再次开张。,-,32,-,21,.(2014,山东改编,)It,s standard practice for a company like this one,to,employ,(employ,)a security officer.,22,.(2014,陕西改编,)It,s quite hot,today.Do,you feel like,going,(go,)for a swim?,23,.(2014,湖南改编,),Children,when,accompanied,(accompany,)by their,parents,are,allowed to enter the stadium.,24,.(2014,湖南改编,),Understanding,(understand,)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.,解析,解析,关闭,21,.to employ,此处为,it,做形式主语,动词不定式做真正的主语。故要用,to employ,。句意,:,对于像这样的一家公司来说,雇用保安是一种惯例。,22,.going,feel like doing,sth,.,表示,“,想要做某事,”,故用动词,-,ing,形式。,23,.accompanied,句意,:,孩子们有父母陪伴时,被允许进入这个体育场。,children,与,accompany,之间存在被动关系,所以用动词,-,ed,形式。,24,.Understanding,句意,:,理解你自己的需求和交流方式与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少的是主语,且,understand,与句子的逻辑主语之间为主动关系,因此用动词,-,ing,形式做主语。,-,33,-,25,.(2014,四川改编,)The manager was satisfied to see many new products,developed,(develop)after great effort.,26,.(2014,天津改编,),Anxiously,she,took the dress out of the package and tried it,on,only,to,find,(find,)it didn,t fit.,27,.(2014,安徽改编,)While waiting for the opportunity to get,promoted,(promote),Henry,did his best to perform his duty.,解析,解析,关闭,25,.developed,句意,:,看到经过很大努力后很多新的产品被研发出来,经理感到满意。,develop,与,new products,之间是被动关系,所以用动词的,-,ed,形式,作宾语,补足,语。,26,.to find,句意,:,她急切地将裙子从包装袋里拿了出来,试穿了一下,结果发现不合身。,“,only+,不定式,”,表示意想不到的结果。故填,to find,。,27,.promoted,promote,与,Henry,之间存在被动关系,所以应用,“,get+done,”,结构,表示被动含义,get promoted“,被提拔,晋升,”,。句意,:,在等待机会得到提升的同时,亨利尽他最大的努力履行自己的职责。故填,promoted,。,-,34,-,.,完成句子,1,.,失败了三次,他不想再试了。,Having failed three,times,he,didn,t want to try again.,2,.,这位老人受到很好的照顾,过着幸福的生活。,Taken good care,of,the,old man is living a happy life.,3,.,坐落在那边的那栋房子建于,2000,年。,The house,located over there,was built in 2000.,-,35,-,4,.,这个问题很值得思考。,This matter is well worth,thinking about/considering,.,5,.,在两位护士的帮助下,老人挣扎着站了起来。,Helped by two,nurses,the,old man struggled to his feet.,6,.,因为没有收到他的回信,我决定再给他写一封信。,Not having heard from,him,I,decided to write again.,7,.,从他的言语来看,这次考试他考得不错。,Judging by his,words,he,did well in his exam.,-,36,-,.,根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文,Water problems in the future will become more,serious.On,the one,hand,our,1.,increasing,(increase)population will greatly increase the city,s,waste,mainly,the 2.,polluted,(pollute),water;on,the other hand,3.,increasing,(increase)demands for water will reduce the amount of water available for 4.,diluting,(dilute)(,冲淡,),waste.Rapidly,developing industries will produce larger quantities of liquid(,液体,),waste,much,of which contains chemicals that are harmful.,-,37,-,5.,To feed,(feed)our rapidly increasing,amounts,agriculture,will have to be developed,greatly.This,will produce ever increasing quantities of agricultural,chemicals.From,this,it,is obvious that more steps must be 6.,taken,(take)immediately 7.,to solve,(solve)the pollution problem.,There are two ways in which the pollution levels can be 8.,reduced,(,reduce).This,is connected with the processing of treatment of the solid and liquid,waste,to,permit the reuse of the water or reduce pollution upon final treatment.,-,38,-,The second way is 9.,to develop,(develop)an economic(,经济的,)use of all or a part of the,waste.Farm,manure(,肥料,)is 10.,spread,(spread)in,fields.Liquid,waste from plants that treat polluted water is used in some areas for irrigation.,Liquid waste from other processing plants may also be 11.,used,(use)as an extra source of,water.Many,industries,such,as meat and poultry processing,plants,are,currently 12.,changing,(change)former waste products into makeable by-,products.Other,industries are exploring possible economic uses for their waste products.,
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