法律翻译专题知识专业知识讲座.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿。文档如有不当之处，请联系本人或网站删除。,Article 2,第二条,The Organization and its Members,in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1,shall act in accordance with the following Principles.,为求实现第一条所述各宗旨起见，本组织及其会员国应遵行下列原则：,1.The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.,一、本组织系基于各会员国主权平等之原则。,2.All Members,in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership,shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.,二、各会员国应一秉善意，履行其依本宪章所担负之义务，以保证全体会员国由加入本组织而发生之权益。,3.All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security,and justice,are not endangered.,三、各会员国应以和平方法解决其国际争端，俾免危及国际和平、安全及正义。,4.All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state,or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.,四、各会员国在其国际关系上不得使用威胁或武力，或以与联合国宗旨不符之任何其他方法，侵害任何会员国或国家之领土完整或政治独立。,5.All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter,and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.,五、各会员国对于联合国依本宪章规定而采取之行动，应尽力予以协助，联合国对于任何国家正在采取防止或执行行动时，各会员国对该国不得给予协助。,6.The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.,六、本组织在维持国际和平及安全之必要范围内，应保证非联合国会员国遵行上述原则。,7.Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter;but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under.,七、本宪章不得认为授权联合国干涉在本质上属于任何国家国内管辖之事件，且并不要求会员国将该项事件依本宪章提请解决；但此项原则不妨碍第七章内执行办法之适用。,Contents,一、法律英语的文体特征,一、法律翻译基本原则,二、典型法律句式翻译与解析,法律英语的特点,法律英语是指法律界通用的书面英语（包括法律、法规、条例、规章、协定、判决、裁定等），尤其是指律师起草法律文件（合同、章程、协议、契约等）惯常使用的语言。,solemn，rigid,mystical，assiduously stilted,严肃性和严密性,Characteristics in lexicon,1.Legal Terms of Art,David Mellinkoff:a technical word with a specific meaning),David Crystal&Derek Davy:those words and phrases about whose meaning lawyers have decided there can be no argument,法官顾问 amicus curiae,persons who help the court to construe a certain legal matter,action 行动 诉讼,service 服务 传票送达,damages 损害 赔偿金,alienation（转让）,avoid（取消）,consideration（对价）,counterpart（有同等效力的副本）,execute（签署）,hand（签名）,instrument（法律文件）,negligence（过失）,party（一方）,prejudice（损害）,presents（本法律文件）,said（上述，该）,save（除了）,serve（送达）,2.Formal Words,frozen style(庄重文体),formal style(正式文体),consultative style(商议文体),casual style(随便文体),intimate style(亲密文体),prior before;,Subsequent to after,provided that-but,尽量用大词是法律英语用词的一大特色,The Agreement shall,commence,on this day and automatically,terminate,upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of either of the parties hereto.,3.Archaism,-hereafter,herein,hereof,hereto,heretofore,hereunder,herewith；,-thereafter,thereat,thereby,therefore,therefrom,therein,thereof,thereon,thereto,theretofore,thereunder,therewith;,-whereas,whereby,wherein,whereof,Each payment to be made,hereunder,shall be made in American currency.,以下规定的每项款额要用美元支付。,Excusable Delay where the term is used in this Agreement shall mean those causes of delay specifically in Article 7,hereof,(Excusable Delay).,本协议中使用的“可谅解延迟”一词系指由协议第七条“可谅解延迟”中所致原因引起的延迟。,Please fill in the form,herein,contained and mail it back.,请将随附的表格填好寄回。,All disputes,controversies or differences out of or in relation to this agreement,or to the execution,thereof,shall be settled through friendly consultation.,凡由该协议引起的，或与该协议有关的，或在执行该协议中发生的一切争议或分歧，应通过友好协商解决。,This contract is made in a spirit of friendly cooperation by and between Party A and Party B,whereby,Party A shall invite Party B for service as a foreign staff on the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:,甲方和乙方本着友好合作的精神签订本合同。根据合同，甲方聘请乙方为外籍工作人员，合同条款如下：,said（aforesaid）上述的 forthwith 立刻,Peter promises to pay a deposit.,Said,deposit shall accrue interest at a rate of ten percent annum.,4.Borrowed words,bar,jury,verdict,affidavit（宣誓书）,alias（化名；别名）,quorum（法定人数）,bona fide（真诚的；真诚地）,inter alia（除了别的因素以外）,pro rata（按比例),ad hoc（专门的；专门地）,de facto（事实上的）,in re（关于）,mutatis mutandis（在细节上作适当修正后）,pari passu（按相同比例）,per se（自身）,pro bono（为了公益）,5.Coupled Synonyms,The seller shall pay all the custom,duties and tariffs,for export of the Equipment.,null and void,all and every,documents and writings,keep and maintain,full and complete,6.情态动词shall 的频繁使用,在法律英语中shall 并不表示将来，而有着与普通英语完全不同的含义。表示当事人在特定的情况下要承担的权利或义务时“,应当”一词为“shall”，而在一般的英语中，一般是用“should”或“must”。,仲裁庭应当在组庭之日起九个月内作出仲裁裁决书。,The arbitration tribunal,shall,render an arbitral award within 9 months as from the day on which the arbitration tribunal is formed.,7.较少使用代词,The Author,shall bear the cost of any necessary fees for textual and illustrative permissions but the Publishers agree to pay such fees on,the Authors,behalf up to an agreed maximum amount and may deduct the same from any sums that may become due to,the Author,under this Agreement.,Characteristics in Syntax,1.Legaldocumentscomposedasone,verylongsentence.,-noquestionofsentencelinkage,except:,therepetitionoflexicalitems.,substitutewordsnottolerated:eg.he,she,it,they(pronounreference);do;this,that(anaphora),2.LegalEnglishcontainsonlycomplete,major sentences:,eg.statements,noquestion,occasionalcommands.,3.Legalsentenceshaveanunderlyinglogical structure:,ifX,thenZshallbe(do)Y“,ifX=conditional/concessiveadverbialclauses:eg:coordinatedadverbials:ontheexpirationonthepreviousdeath/subjectto anyauthorizedendorsementandtothe,production,4.WrittenlegalEnglishcontainsnominalgroupstructures,(eg:post-modificationinthe nominalgroups),被动语态和名词化结构,Unless otherwise provided for herein,failure,or,delay,on the part of any party to exercise any right,power or privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a,waiver,thereof,not shall any single or partial,exercise,of any right，power or privilege preclude further exercise thereof or exercise of any other right,power or privilegeA waiver by one of the parties at any time of a,breach,of any term or provision of this Agreement committed by the other party shall not be construed as a waiver by such party of any subsequent breach to be committed by the other party,nor shall it be construed as a waiver by such party of its rights under such provision or any of its other rights under this Agreement.,除非本协议另有规定，任何一方未能或延迟行使其在本协议项下的任何权利、权力或特权，不应视为其放弃该权利、权力或特权；单项或部分行使该权利、权力或特权或行使其他权利、权力或特权。,翻译练习,1.Without prior written approval,no Party shall assign any and all of its rights and interests and delegate its responsibilities under this Agreement to any third party.,译文：任何一方未经事先书面同意，不得将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给任何第三方。,2.Neglect of duty is good cause for removal of a trustee.,译文：理事玩忽职守，理应解除其职务。,3.The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.,译文：任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。,4.This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Peoples Republic of China.,译文：本合同受中华人民共和国法律管辖并依其解释。,5.Neither Party hereto shall assign this Agreement or any of its rights and interests hereunder without the other Partys prior written consent,which shall not be unreasonably withheld.,本协议任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意（该另一方不得无理拒绝同意），不得转让本协议或其在本协议项下的任何权利和利益。,法律翻译基本原则,一、准确严谨性原则,准确性，是法律文本翻译的根本。,earnest money,“定金”还是“订金”？,Contractor shall assume full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance.,在项目接收之前，承包方应对工程承担全部责任。,在项目验收之前，承包方应对工程承担全部责任。,Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss,including loss of profit,suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach.,一方违约所导致的岁还包括因其违约而使另一方遭受损失的金额，含利润损失。,一方违约的损害赔偿金包括因其违约而使另一方遭受损失的金额，含利润损失。,The balance shall be settled upon the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.,货到目的港后付清余款。,货到目的港后即行付清余款。,所有董事会成员须由合营方委派和撤换。,all the directors shall be appointed and replaced by the parties to the venture.,all the directors shall be appointed and removed by the parties to the venture.,如果买房对品质有异议，可以在货到目的地口岸或收货后30天内向卖方提出索赔。,In case the Buyers have disputes over the quality of the goods,the Buyers may,within 30 days after they arrive at the destination port or delivery of goods,file a claim against the Sellers.,In case the Buyers have disputes over the quality of the goods,the Buyers may,within 30 days after they arrive at the destination port or take delivery of goods,file a claim against the Sellers.,二、清晰简明性原则,1.使用清晰简明的词语,The remainder of the testators property should be divided equally between all of our nephews and nieces on my wifes side and my niece.,The remainder of the testators property should be divided equally between all of our nephews and nieces on my wifes side as one party and my niece as another.,The servants liability stems from the duty owed to a third person under the law to conduct HIMSELF so as not to injure others.,The servants liability stems from the duty owed to a third person under the law requiring the SERVANT to act so as not to injure others.,The packing and wrapping expenses shall be borne by the Buyer.,包装费应由买方负担。,Taxation shall comprise all forms of taxes,including but without limitation to income tax,capital gains tax,stamp duty,tariffs,import and export duties,impositions,and all fines,fees and rates collected by the taxation authority and other authorities.,税收包括各种形式的税项，包括但不限于税务局和其他主管部门征收的所得税、资本收益税、印花税、关税、进出口税、各种杂税及一切罚金、手续费和地方税。,2.使用简明的句式,Further,a meeting of the European Justice Ministers is held every two years.,此外，每两年还举行一个欧洲司法部长会议。,Courts are discouraged from passing sentence of imprisonment on offenders under 21 years of age.,不鼓励法院对未满21岁的罪犯作出徒刑判决。,Unless this account is paid within next ten days,it will be necessary to take appropriate action.,除非在10天内把账还清，否则就有必要采取适当的行动。,Producers of toxic chemicals have the following options:(1)require purchasers to assume responsibility for subsequent spills,(2)deposit money in a damages escrow fund,(3)terminate production,or(4)post a conspicuous disclaimer of liability on every container.,有毒化学品的生产者具有下列选择：（1）要求卖方承担由泄漏而造成的责任；（2）交纳赔偿保证金；（3）停止生产；（4）贴明显的免责标签于每只集装箱上。,三、前后一致性原则,Agreement “协定”还是“协议”?,Reach an agreement“达成协议”或“达成一致”,“法律规定”：stipulate,specify,prescribe,require,provide等,“禁”：shall be prohibited,shall be forbidden,“货物”：goods,items,四、语言规范化原则,“不可抗力”,force beyond human power,force controlled by God,irresistible force,force majeure,“motion”:a written or oral application requesting a court to make a specified ruling or order,“动议”“申请”,attempted crime,“试图犯罪”“犯罪未遂”,The burden of proof rests with the defendant.,证明的负担由被告承担。,举证责任由被告承担。,and make the fact known to the public.,并予以公告。,The Vendor shall procure that the Purchaser acquires good title to the Shares free from all charges,liens,encumbrance and claims whatsoever.,卖方应保证买方获得不容置疑的股份所有权，且该股份不带任何押记、留置、负担、权益等主张。,Now therefore,in consideration of the premises,and the representations,warranties,covenants,and undertakings of the parties hereinafter set forth,and for,other good and valuable consideration,the parties agree among themselves as follows.,以及其他有效的有价约因,Party A is a company duly organized,validly existing and,in good standing,as a legal person under the laws of the PRC.,有效存续和资格完善的法人。,表示义务性规范的语言：,“有义务”，“必须”,It is the duty of,have the duty to do,shall,中华人民共和国公民有依照法律纳税的义务。,It is the duty of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China to pay taxes in accordance with the law.,Both husband and wife have the duty to practice family planning.,夫妻双方具有实行计划生育的义务。,中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。,Citizens of the Peoples Republic of China have the duty as well as the right to receive education.,表示授权性规范的语言：,“（享）有权利”，“有权”,“可以”,have the right to,enjoy rights of,be entitle to,may,Citizens and juristic persons shall enjoy the right of honor.,公民、法人享有荣誉权。,典型法律英语句式翻译与解析,1.if句式,If after such reconsideration,two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill,it shall be sent,together with the objections,to the other House,by which it shall likewise be reconsidered,and if approved by two-thirds of that House,it shall become a law.,倘若在复议之后，众议院议员的三分之二仍然同意通过该法案，该院即应将该法案连同异议书递交另一院，由其同样予以复议，若此另一院亦以三分之二的多数通过，该法案即成为法律。,2.shall句式及相关情态动词比较,shall,may,must,1)“must”-“必须”,The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must be a person of integrity,dedicated to his/her duties.,香港特别行政区行政长官必须廉洁奉公、尽忠职守。,2)“may”-“可”,国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律对土地进行征用。,The State may,in the public interest,requisition land for its use in accordance with the law.,3)“shall”-则是法律英语中最常见、最复杂的情态动词,shall:must,have to,be required to,“须”、“应该”或忽略不译,选出或者罢免人民检察院检察长，须报上级人民检察院检察长提请该级人民代表大会常务委员会批准。（中华人民共和国宪法第101条）,The election or recall of chief procurators of peoples procuratorates shall be reported to the chief procurators of the peoples procuratorates at the next higher level for submission to the standing committees of the peoples congresses at the corresponding level for approval.,The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the people of the several States,and,众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成，,All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law.(The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China),香港居民在法律面前一律平等。（中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法第25条）,The homes and other premises of Hong Kong residents shall be inviolable.,香港居民的住宅和其他房屋不受侵害。,have the right to,be obliged to,be responsible for,be able to,be predicative,If the Buyers fail to provide such letter of credit in the Sellers favor as prescribed above,the Seller shall have the option of,如果买方未向卖方提供如上规定的这种信用证，卖方有权选择,情态动词的否定式,shall not,may not 和must not 等,must not+v.,Under no circumstances may+v.,No may+v.,may not+v.,Neither(Nor)may+v.,No shall+v.,shall+v.+no more than,shall not+v.,Neither(Nor)shall+v.,Nothing may(shall)+v.,任何组织或者个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。,No organization or individual may appropriate,buy,sell,or otherwise engage in the transfer of land by unlawful means.,中华人民共和国公民有维护祖国的安全、荣誉和利益的义务，不得有危害祖国的安全、荣誉和利益的行为。（中华人民共和国宪法第54条）,It is the duty of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China to safeguard the security,honor and interests of the motherland;they must not commit acts detrimental to the security,honor and interests of the motherland.,全国人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员不得担任国家行政机关、审判机关和检察机关的职务。（中华人民共和国宪法第65条）,No one in the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress shall hold office in any of the administrative,judicial or procuratorial organs of the State.,3.where 引导的定语从句,The trial of all crimes,except in cases of impeachment,shall be by jury;and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed;but when not committed within a