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物理光学专业英语名词总汇.doc

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Coordinate Systems(笛卡尔系) Cartesian, cylindrical(polar), spherical(直角、柱、球) Vectors and Scalars(矢量、标量) magnitude(大小,量纲,量级) an order of magnitude, two orders of magnitude(两个数量级) product scalar product (dot product)(点积) vector product (cross product)(叉积) Newtonian Mechanics(牛顿力学) Object: speed velocity mechanical energy(机械能): (scalar)(vector) potential energy(势能) Kinetic energy(动能) Acceleration gravitational force(万有引力) Mass(质量)Density(密度)Volume(体积) weight(gravity)(重力) Friction(摩擦) non-conservative force(非保守力) restoring force(回复力)Momentum(动量) moment(torque)(力矩)uniform motion(迅速运动) uniform dielectric(迅速直线) Oscillations and Waves(振荡和波) Vibration(振动) Damped(有阻尼的) periodic motion(周期运动): equilibrium position (平衡位置) displacement(位移) simple harmonic motion(简谐振动): spring (stretch, compress)(绳的伸长与压缩) Amplitude(振幅) Cycle(周期) frequency(megahertz)(频率) Wavelength(波长)(meter decimeter /分米centimeter /厘米millimeter /毫米nanometer/纳米 micron/微米) traveling wave(行波) standing wave(驻波) crest(波峰) trough(波谷) Light and Optics electromagnetic wave(电磁波) electromagnetic radiation(电磁辐射) electromagnetic spectrum: (光谱): visible light(可见光) radio wave(无线电) Infrared(红外线) ultraviolet (UV)(紫外线) Gamma rays(r射线) X-rays(X线) Photon(光子): atom(原子) molecule(分子) Electron(电子)neutron(中子) Proton (质子) ion(离子) Nucleus (原子核) nuclei(复数形式) Light: Reflection(反射): (全反射):total internal reflection Refraction(折射) Diffraction(衍射): central maximum/ minimum(中心最大/最小) secondary/ side maximum (次级大) Dispersion(散射) Interference(干涉): (相干光)coherent wave (光程差) optical path difference (相位差phase difference/ shift (同/不同相)in phase/ out of phase(奇/偶整数倍)odd/even integral multiple (叠加) superposition/ superpose (相长/相消)constructive/ destructive Newton's Rings(牛顿环): concentric ring pattern(同心圆环) Monochromatic light(单色光) Polychromatic(复色光) Diffraction Grating(衍射光栅):be ruled with......(被刻/画) Polarization (偏振): linear/ plane、 elliptical、 circular(线、椭圆、圆偏振) counterclockwise/ anticlockwise(逆时针) Birefringence(双折射): Double refraction(双折射) Isotropic/anisotropic(各项同/异性) Orientation(方向) Lattice(晶格) dielectric constant(介电常数) magnetic permeability(磁导率) Cleavage(解理) The Ordinary ray(寻常光) The extraordinary ray(非寻常光) Optical Activity(旋光性) Guided-Wave Optics / Integrated Optics(导波/集成光学):  component(分量、组成)integrate(集成)substrate Chip (芯片、薄片) miniaturize(小型化) ‚propagate(传播)Collimate(校准、使平行)focus(聚焦)scan(扫描)broaden(扩展)Split(分离)combine(结合)isolation(隔离)couple(耦合)Switch(交换)detect(探测)modulate(调制) planar/ slab waveguide(平面波导): Infinite(无限的)Interface(表面)zig-zag waves(锯齿波) critical angle(临界角) guided mode(导摸) strip waveguide(条形波导): Confinement(限制)Dimension(维度)raised strip(凸起型波导)embedded strip(嵌入式波导)ridge/ rib guide(几型波导)strip-loaded guide(加载型波导)active/ passive device(有源/无源设备) fiber (光纤) : Core(芯)Cladding(包层)Diameter(直径) single mode/ fundamental mode(单/基模) Multimode (多模) input pulse(输入脉冲) incident angle(入射角) intermodal dispersion(模间散射) Temporal(暂时的)signal broadening(信号展宽) step-index/ abrupt transition(阶越传播) gradient-index/ graded transition(渐变传播) Others: directly/ inversely proportional to(成正/反比)Microscope(显微镜)current(电流) circuit(电路)Voltage(电压)Power resistance(抵消) positive/ negative charge(正/负电) attract/ repel (吸引/排斥) prism perpendicular/ vertical/ orthogonal/ normal(垂直的 )Parallel lens/ convex/ concave(凸/凹) cross section() Curvature(曲率) Light Fantastic: solar wind(太阳风)aurora(极光)Transparent(透明的) Translucent(半透明的)filter(滤光片)crossing the filter The science of super cool(超导): absolute zero: minus 273.2 degrees celsius Liquid liquefy(液化) Hydrogen(氢) Helium(氦) Nitrogen(氮) Coolant(冷却剂)Superfluid(超流体) Viscosity(黏度) Superconductor(超导体)magnetic levitation(磁悬浮) levitating train/ Maglev(磁悬浮列车) Joseph Son Junction
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