牛津英语8B知识点梳理.doc

牛津(8B)词组、句型语法总结
Unit 1 trees
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. be interested in
2. be known as
3. be in danger
4. breathe pure, cool air
5. communicate with sb
6. keep sb alive and healthy
7. know a lot about sth
8. protect sb/sth from sth
9. protect by sth/doing sth
10. read through sth
11. release sth into sth
12. taste nasty
13. thank sb for sth/doing sth
14. warn sb/sth (not) to do sth

名词词组：1. average age
2. living things
3. one another
其他词组：as well as

II. Sentence Patterns
1. What good be sth?
2. I suppose that+从句
3. Sb be doing sth these days.

Grammer现在进行时
1.表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但不一定是说话时正在进行。
常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（这几天），all the time(一直)等时间状语连用。
What lesson are you studying this week？你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）
2.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。
如：come（来）、go（去）、leave（离开）、arrive（到达）、start（开始）、return（返回）、sleep（睡觉）
Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow？你明天去天津吗？
How many of you are coming to the party next week？ 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？

Unit 2 Water
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. pour into the sink
2. sound impatient/puzzled
3. add A to B
4. carry sb to some place
5. clean up
6. drop sth into some place
7. enjoy the view
8. finish with sth
9. pump sth into some place
10. speed down the mountain
11. run into the Huangpu River
12. turn it off
13. travel a long way
名词词组：1. a water treatment works
2. a sewage plant
3. a thorough cleaning
4. the Yangtze River

II. Sentence Patterns
1. It is + adj + for sb + to do
2. It is time (for sb) to do sth
3. until/till 直到
not … until 直到…才
4. What do you mean by sth/doing sth?

Grammar：amounts
A lot of/lots of/plenty of+可数名词
a large amount of +不可数名词
a little ,much ,a few ,many,
a number of 和the number of 之间的区别

Unit 3 Electricity
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. be careful with sth
2. be connected to sth
3. buy sth in packets
4. change sth into sth
5. flow through a wire
6. get sb sth = get sth for sb
7. look adj(eg.foolish)
8. make electricity
9. refer to sth
10. scratch one’s head
11. think of
名词词组：1. a light bulb
2. a power station
3. a packet of
4. heat/movement/light/sound energy
5. thin wires
介词词组：1. in a way = partly
2. on one’s face

II. Sentence Patterns
1. Can sb do sth?
May sb do sth?
Sb must (not) do sth.
--Must sb do sth?
--Yes, sb must./ No, sb needn’t.
2. Sb believe/know/think/tell/wonder/ask + 宾语从句
3. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, We will go for a picnic.
He wonders if/whether it will rain tomorrow.

Grammar:
Modal verbs:can/could之间的区别 ,must/need ,may提问的回答，should,ought to疑问句及否定回答 ，may be /maybe之间的区别

Unit 4 Newspapers
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. agree to do/ with sb/ on sth
2. arrange to do sth
3. attend a/the meeting
4. be at the meeting
5. be responsible for sth
6. conclude the meeting
7. elect sb to be + 称谓/职位/官衔
8. have different ideas
9. hold a meeting
10. make a list of
11. make a decision about sth
12. ought (not) to do
13. pay for sth
14. publish a newspaper
15. take charge of = be in charge of
16. take notes
17. talk over sth
18. vote for sb
名词词组：1. a pile of
2. chief editor
介词词组：in one week’s time
其他词组：1. soon after
2. not any more = no more

II. Sentence Patterns
1. --Ought sb to do sth?
--Yes, sb ought to do sth./No, sb oughtn’t to do sth
2. Sb suggest that sb (should) do sth.
Sb suggest doing sth.
Grammer
宾语从句
时态；主现从随意、主过从过去，真理永不变
语序：陈述语序
宾语从句语序特殊情况
1.What’s wrong?/What’s the matter?/What’s your trouble?2.Which is the way to…?3.Who引导的特殊疑问句且who做主语，变为宾语从句时，其语序不变。
引导词：that ，if、whether，特殊疑问词
人称：一随主，二随宾，：第三人称不更新
宾从否定前移及缩写
宾从反意疑问句
代词:it,each/every

Unit 5 magazine articles
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. (not) belong to sb
2. be happy to do sth
3. describe sth to sb
4. fall down
5. go to sleep
6. go off
7. have a conversation with sb
8. hear sb do sth
9. keep balance
10. keep sth out (eg. keep the smoke out)
11. look/watch out
12. lead sb to some place
13. make sure
14.obey the rules
15. pull at sb
16. save one’s life
17. smell smoke
18. seem like
19. sound like + noun.
20. take care of
21. taste horrible
22. try the phone
23. walk into some place
名词词组：1. reception desk
2. the location of the fire exit
3. moments/seconds later
介词词组：1. in one’s own words
2. against the rules
3. during the fire
其他词组：as soon as

II. Sentence Patterns
1. Can I have my key, please?
2. It was dead.
3. 主句 + as soon as/when/before/after + 从句(时态：主将从现)
4. Although + 从句，主句
5. 主句 + because /as/since/now that + 从句
Sb/sth + be + so + adj + that + 从句 (比较 ：enough … to do …；too … to do …)
6. 主句 + so that + 从句
7. Safety first!
8. Help oneself. Teach oneself. Make oneself at home. Enjoy oneself.

Grammar：
1. 结果状语从句
(1)so…that, such…that, so that 引导。
(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。

结构：
such a/an(形容词)+ 单数名词+that从句
such（+形容词）+复数可数名词+that从句
such（+形容词）+不可数名词+that从句
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词（+a/an)+名词+that从句
注：So+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词=such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词

(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so, 不用such。
.

2. 比较状语从句
1.由as…(形容词副词原级)as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。
“比较级+and+比较级”译为“越来越……”
　　1. The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
　　地球变得越来越暖和。

2. “the+比较级…，the+比较级…”译为“越……就越……”
　　1. The busier he is, the happier he feels.
　　他越忙就越高兴。

3.“the+比较级+ of the two”译为“两个中比较……的”。
　　1. This watch is the cheaper of the two.
　　这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。

3. 目的状语从句
（1）通常由 so that, in order that引导。

（2）so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。
目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could,等。
从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。

(3)so that, in order that可以转换成so as to和in order to简单句。

4. 让步状语从句
（1）由although, though等连词引导。
（2）although(though)…but…不能用在同一个句子中

5 .用too…to…/ so… that改写句子
用enough…to/so…that改写句子

Unit 6 travel
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. be excellent in sth
2. be covered with sth
3. be an hour away from
4. be similar to
5. sth be familiar to sb = sb be familiar with sth
6. be famous for/ be known as
7. enable sb to do sth
8. further one’s studies
9. go abroad
10. go for a holiday
11. remind sb of sth
12. spread one’s wings
13.try doing sth/ to do sth
14. used to do sth/be used to doing sth/be used to do sth
名词词组：1. French Film Festivals
2. language schools
3. mountain regions
4. rows of
5. scenic areas
6. tree-lined streets
7. the influence of sb/sth
8. the world’s top designer names
9. the Atlantic Ocean
10. the capital of France
11. The Channel Tunnel
介词词组：1. all over the world = throughout the world
2. from … to
3. in addition = besides/what’s more
4. in some ways
5. in art and culture
其他词组：1. the same + noun + as
2. such as + noun

II. Sentence Patterns
1. Now that + 从句，主句
2. It is + adj + to do sth
3. Why not do sth? = Why don’t you do sth? = What about doing sth?

Grammar:
连词
就近原则：not only...but also..., or, either...or..., neither...nor... ，there be …，not…but…
就远原则: as well as, together with
Both+不可数and+不可数谓语用复数

Unit 7 poems
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. be cross
2. be scared
3. be pleased with sth
4. be puzzled by
5. chat with sb
6. sb be bored with sth/sth be boring to sb
7. feel like doing sth
8. find sth interesting
9. go to sleep/bed
10. have a shower
11. pay attention (to)
12. put sb in detention
13. sit in a chair
介词词组：1. on one’s own
2. on the building site

II. Sentence Patterns
1. --Whose friend is sb?
--Sb is one’s/mine/yours/his/hers/theirs.
2. There is sb doing sth
3. I would like to do sth

Grammar:
疑问代词whose“谁的”对名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词提问
Who’s=who is 对某人提问
One、ones，
One代替前面已经出现过的单数可数名词，以避免重复
Ones一般指代前面已经出现过的复数可数名词
It/one都可指代前面提到的名词，但it代替的是前面提到的那件特指的事物，而one所指代的是前面提到的同类事物，但不是同一件。

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