高考英语15天快速提分班--基础讲义.pdf

目录开班介绍.1第一天 单词的秘密.5第二天&第三天：“介词”和“介词短语”的秘密一一45个基本介词的用法.14第四天：句子的秘密.67第五天：谓语动词的秘密.77第六天：三大从句之一一名词性从句.96第七天：三大从句之一一定语从句.108第八天：三大从句之一一状语从句.117第九天非谓语动词.126第十天 特殊句型的秘密.143第十一天：读懂句子之“组件分析法”.163（括号法）.163第十二天：读懂段落之一一段落的十个秘密.176第十三天：括号法+主题法”综合练习.187&阅读理解内功提升三步法.188第十四天：书面表达基础之“五步造句法”.198第十五天：书面表达基础之“天龙八步作文法”.202开班介绍“考试成绩”的秘密1高考英语15天快速提分班考试成绩=基础知识X解题能力高考英语15天基础速成班课后题0.1考试成绩由哪两方面决定?2答：1、基础知识2、解题能力课程安排【第一部分】词汇方法突破 第1天：单词的秘密 不择手段背单词遇到生词怎么办 第2天：玩转“固定搭配”（上）第3天：玩转“固定搭配”（下）【第二部分】语法系统复习 第4天：句子的秘密“语法的精神”（英语逆袭心法）快速扫盲：十大词类/七大成分/五大基本句型 第5天：谓语动词的秘密“谓语动词”之时态/被动“谓语动词”之虚拟/情态【第三部分】阅读能力提升 第11天：读懂句子之“组件分析法”高分内功特训之“同步视译”高分内功特训之“断句朗读”第12天：读懂段落之“段落的十个秘密”高分内功特训之“主题阅读”第13天：阅读理解“内功提升”三步法3【第四部分】写作能力提升 第14天：微观雕琢五步造句法（最核心提分技术）造句魔鬼特训 第15天：宏观打造书面表达标准段落结构及写法天龙八“步”作文法课后题0.2不论是学霸冲刺高分还是学渣完美逆袭，都需要哪四方面基础知识?答：1、知识2、知识3、高分技能4、高分技能1、词汇知识2、语法知识3、阅读高分技能4、写作高分技能4第一天单词的秘密一、单词需要学多少？GRE/GMAT/LSAT：16000 TOEFL/IELTS：8000-12000 考研：6500 六级：6750 四级：4500 高考：3000-3500 中考：16001800二、背单词的有效方法 1、死磕法 2、联想法口诀联想法 lie lied lied规则的是说谎 lie lay lain不规则是“躺”lay laid laid 躺过就下蛋,5下蛋不规则。谐音联想法delta ambulance envelopshop/shoppingangelathleteleadercookieamateurgenerobustgermcigarapologyagonyimmigrateambitionyogurttoastnutritionadmiregiantcurseeconomybassadulttimid拆分联想法motelchaosassesselegantcandidateglovechillisolatedonation6superbleisuretuitiongeniusscreamprotestscheduleInheritstimulatecargoabundanttenantcrystal课后题1.1 请写出下列单词的中文释义:Scheduleabundantdonationelegantimmigrant3、词源法he-shelive-evilbest-worstmelon-lemonplus-minustomb-wombglad-sadzealous-jealousnear-farhospitality-hostilityaccuse-excusehumble-noblemake-fakediction-actionmonkey-donkeymaximumminimumwild-mildquantityqualityhost-guestfirehire7offenddefendjunior-seniorarmy-navyassign-resignphysical-mentalarrow-bowhungry-thirtyimport-export前缀+词根+后缀改变单词倾向+决定单词意思+表达单词种属（词性）inter+nation+al=international原理熟词生“词根”力口 前缀表倾向力口后缀表种属（词性）-词根词缀法可以用于记忆一些比较我勒个去的长单词 pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis 肺部的-极端的-微小的-观测-硅-火山-粉尘病 矽肺病8前缀+词根:impossible不可能的im-不+possible可能的rebuild重建re-重、再+build建设 prospect展望pro向前+spect 看 export输出ex-出+port 运词根+后缀 reader 读者=read 读+-er 人 dentist牙科医生=dent牙齿+-ist从事某种职业者 hopeful充满希望的=hope希望+-ful充满的 hopeless无希望的=hope希望+-less无的前缀+词根+后缀 uncomfortable 不舒服的=un-不+comfort舒服+-able 能.progressive 前进的=pro-向前+gress 走+ive.的 contemporary 同时代的=con-同+tempor 时代+-ary.的 ace9“ac-”尖、酸9 3 accuseV.指责；控告)acutea.敏锐的；急性的；锐角的)acida.酸的；尖酸今 liquida.液体的 3 solida,固体的spir=breath%表示呼吸”spirit n精神；情绪conspire v 同谋expire v断气；期满inspire v吸气；鼓励perspire v 出汗respire v呼吸；恢复精神transpire v 泄露dispirit v使沮丧（dis去掉+spirit精神）关于词根词缀法的几点补充说明1、词根词缀法只能用来背单词，不能用来猜单词yellowish reddish brownishScottishEnglish10 2、有些单词无法用词根词缀法解释fiance fianceelatte cappuccino spaghettitsunami volcano tornado课后题1.2请写出下列单词的中文释义：Prospect visualize contemporaryexport 4、语境法 记单词二为单词建立“语感”语感二把语言和感觉直接联系起来的能力。pi/我们：“pig”-p-i-g-老外：“pig”-r、英语利用“语境”杠杆，撬动单词记忆11 1、【原理】单词量=阅读量 2、【方法】制造缘分，多次遇见，每次见面，打个招呼。口 不靠智商，靠情商口 不靠勤奋，靠缘分-3、【要求】利用阅读、完型，每天收集50个生词，当天能记得 就行。“只求曾经拥有,不求天长地久”背单词基本过程 形同陌路 似曾相识 允许遗忘！一见如故 刻骨铭心艾宾浩斯记忆曲线课后题1.3 1、背单词，最重要的是为单词建立2、背单词，一定要”允许“自己三、遇见生词怎么办 1、段首句中有生词：看懂下文解释12 2、并列部分有生词：认识一个就行 3、段落中间有生词：直接涂黑试试-4、生词若是关键词：可以模糊翻译-5、段尾句中有生词：总结上文意思A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.Some of them were looking to make a permanent home in the United States,while others didn/t to stay-they would make some money and then go home.Between 1908 and 1915,about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide newcomers into two categories:legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or brand them as aliens fit for deportation.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-care aides and particle physicists are among today/s immigrants.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.推测词义的本质 在于对英语段落结构的深刻理解！13课后题L4在以下几种情况中，遇见生词怎么办？-段首句中有生词，看懂_并列部分有生词，认识_就行-段落中间有生词，直接一_试生词若是关键词，可以一_翻译段尾句中有生词，总结一_意思 段首句中有生词：看懂下文解释 并列部分有生词：认识一个就行 段落中间有生词：直接涂黑试试 生词若是关键词：可以模糊翻译 段尾句中有生词：总结上文意思第二天&第三天：“介词”和“介词短语”的秘密45个基本介词的用法1.about【原始含义】a-b-out A 在 B 外面【引申含义】prep(1)在.至！处,在.各处here and thereeg:We wandered about the town for an hour or so.He looked about the room.14(2)在.附近 next to a place eg.She lives about the office.(3)关于 in connection witheg:a book about English studyI don t know what you are talking about.adv(1)大约 close toeg:We left there about 10 o clock.It costs about 500 dollars.(2)到处，各处eg:The children were rushing about in the garden.(3)在附近eg:There is no food about.【常见搭配】作旃时的搭配:一动词+(about+名词)(1)arrange(about sth)(2)argue(about sth)(3)ask(about sth)(4)boast(about sb/sth)(5)care(about sb/sth)(6)chat(about sth)(7)complain(about sb/sth)(8)dream(about sb/sth)(9)go(about sth)(10)hear(about sth)(11)know(about sth)(12)learn(about sth)(13)put(about sth)(14)quarrel(about sth)(15)see(about sth)(16)talk(about sth)(17)think(about sth)(18)warn sb(about sth)(19)wonder(about sb/sth)(20)worry(about sb/sth)安排关于某事讨论某事询问关于某事吹嘘关心，对感兴趣谈论某事抱怨梦见某人/某物着手做；从事听说了解得知某事散布（谣言等）为争吵负责处理谈论考虑.告诫某人关于某事 对好奇对担心15 名词+(about+名词)(1)concern(about sb/sth)(2)curiosity(about sb/sth)(3)doubt(about sb/sth)(4)ethusiasm(about sth)(5)information(about sb/sth)(6)remark(about sth)(7)opinion(about sth)(8)view(about sb/sth)对的关心/关怀对的好奇对的怀疑对的热情 关于的信息对的评论 对的意见 对的观点 be+adj+(about+名词)(1)be angry(about sth)(2)be anxious(about sth)(3)be careful(about sth)西生气 为.，忧虑 当心(4)be cautious(about sth)谨防；对持谨慎态度(5)be certain(about sth)(6)be curious(about sth)(7)be disappointed(about sth)(8)be excited(about sth)(9)be glad/happy(about sth)(10)be hopeful(about sth)确信关十臬事 对感到好奇对感到失望对感到兴奋 对感到高兴 又寸抱有希望(11)be crazy/mad/wild(about sth)对痴狂；酷爱某事(12)be nervous(about sth)为感到不安/因感到紧张(13)be optimistic/positive(about sth)对岸和极东加的(14)bep:ular(about sb/sth)对讲究，挑剔(15)be sad(about sth)(16)be serious(about sth)(17)be sorry(about sth)作副词时的搭配：为而难过 对认真 对抱歉名词+动词+about(1)sth come about 某事发生(2)sth get about 某事(尤指消息等)传开sb turn about 某人转身(4)sb wander about 某人徘徊，游荡(5)sb walk about 某人走来走去2.above16【原始含义】-a-b-over A 在 B 上方【引申含义】prep.(1)在上方 at or to a higher place than sth/sb eg:The sun rose above the horizon.(2)数目大于/重量超过/价格(能力、地位)高于more than sth.;greater in number,level or age than sb./sth.eg:There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.(3)重要性或质量超过、胜过of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth eg.I rate her above most other players of her age.(4)声音超过.louder or clearer than another sound eg:I couldn7 t hear her above the noise of the traffic.(5)不至于，不屑于做某事too good or too honest to do sth eg.She is above suspicion.【常见搭配】一动词+(above+名词)(1)live(above one7 s income)(2)put A(above B)(3)rise(above sth)(4)talk(above one7 s head)入不敷出地生活 把A看得比B更重要 克服，不受.的影响 高深莫测地谈论二.be+(above+名词)(1)be(above oneself)兴高采烈二 be in one s high spirit(2)be(above one s head)难以理解/超出某人理解能力3.across原始含义a-grass 一片草坪，across指在平面上经过，就像人走过一片草坪那 样。【引申含义】prep.(1)穿过 from one side to the other sideeg:She walked across the road.(2)在寸面 on the other side of sth.eg:The bar is just across the street.(3)交叉 cross17eg:He sat with his arms across his chest.(4)在各处，遍及everywhereeg.The opinion is common across the university.【常见搭配】动词+（across+名词）A come(across B)A 偶遇 B (4)A cut(across B)A go(across B)A put(across B)A run(across B)4.after【原始含义】A在B之后（强调顺序）【引申含义】A走B捷径；A打断BA穿过BA解释清楚B;A把B送到对岸A横穿B;A偶然碰到Bprep(1)在之后(时间顺序、空间顺序)later than sth;following sth in timeeg:After dinner,they went out for a walk.(2)在后面，仅次于(按重要性)next to the following eg.Your name comes after mine in the list.(3)与对照、对比 in contrast to stheg.It was cool after the heat outside.(4)照着的样子 following the example of sb/stheg:Read the sentence after me,please.adv后来、以后 later in time,afterwordseg:Soon after,she came back to her hometown.The prince and princess lived happily ever after.【常见搭配】作介词时的搭配一名词+动词+（after+名词）(1)A chase(after B)(2)A go(after B)(3)A look(after B)(4)A model(after B)(5)A name(after B)(6)A run(after B)(7)A search(after B)(8)A see(after B)A追赶/追求BA追逐B.A照顾B.A汇B为榜样、原型；A效仿BA用B作名字.A追求/追赶/追逐B.A研究B.A照顾B18(9)A seek(after B)-A 寻找 B.(10)A take(after B)A 与 B 相像.二.(afte十名词)(1)(after a while)(2)(after al)(3)(after one1 s own heart)5.against【原始含义】a-g-a 相对【引申含义】过了一会，不久 毕竟；终究 正合的心意；prep(1)碰着、靠着 touching,close to or hitting sb/sth eg:She was leaning against a tree.(2)反对 opposing or disagreeing with sb./sth eg:We should fight against crimes.(3)预防 in order to prevent sth from happening eg:Save money against a rainy day.未雨绸缪(4)违反(违反法律、制度)eg:It is against the law to hunt tigers.(5)不利于 not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth eg:What he said is against him.(6)映衬 with sth in the background as a contrastEg.The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky.(7)和.相比 in contrast to stheg.You must weigh the benefits against the cost.【常见搭配】一.动词+(against+名词)(2)(4)act(against sth)argue(against sth)compete(against sb)违反为而争辩/据理反对 与某人比赛/竞争/对抗decide(against sth/doing sth)考虑后不做某事/声明反对某事(5)declare(against sb/sth)(6)fight(against sth)(7)go(against sth)(8)inform(against sb)(9)lean(against sth)(10)offend(against sth)(11)press(against sth)(12)protect(against sth)表态反对反对；与做斗争 违反告发、检举某人靠着某物/斜靠某物违犯压在上保护免受的伤害19(13)prepare(against sth)(14)strike(against sth)(15)struggle(against sb/sth)(16)turn(against sth)(17)vote(against sth)(18)warn sb(against sth)防备罢工抗议与搏斗/反抗背叛投票反对 提醒某人提防某事二.be+adj+(against+名词)(1)be prejudiced(against sb/sth)(2)be proof(against sth)(3)be set(against sth)对持有偏见 可防止的 坚决反对6.around【原始含义】a+round A在一个圆里面(在一定范围内)【引申含义】prep(1)在周围,围绕 surrounding sb/sth eg:There are many bars around the town.(2)在附近,至ij处 in or to many places eg:I showed him around our campus.adv(D(2)大约 approximatelyeg:There are around 1000 people watching the game.在周围eg:How can you make the wheel go around?在附近、到处eg:I ran around to find him.【常见搭配】词时一动词+(around+名词)(1)center(around sth)(2)look(around sth)(3)wrap(around sth)二.around+名词(1)(around the corner)(2)(around the clock)以为中心，集中于 环顾；游览;缠绕住.；环绕；靠近、临近、快来了;日夜不停地；夜以继日地作副词时 名词+动词+around(1)sb gaze around20某人向四周看，环视(2)sth get around某事(尤指消息、谣言等)走动、流传(3)sb/sth turn around某人或某物转身7.at【原始含义】在场所，时间上的一点【引申含义】prep.(1)小地点，或小时间点used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens eg:Usually,he is(at his office)(in the morning).She went to school(at 8 o clock)(in the morning).(2)在几岁时 the age(at which sb does sth)eg:She was married(at 23).(3)向,朝某人或某物 in the direction towards sb/stheg:Don t point at me.knock at the doorz shoot at the tiger,aim at the enemy(4)从相隔远的地方 the distance away from stheg:Can you read that poster(at fifty miles)?You d better keep him(at a distance).(5)处于某种状态 the situation sb/sth is ineg:Mr.Smith is(at lunch).The country is(at war).Bill was(at his best)in college.(at one s best:某人的辉煌时期)(6)在某方面 in terms of.eg:I am not good(at football).(7)表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因to show the cause of stheg:He showed no sign of pleasure(at seeing her).I was delighted(at the result)+.【常见搭配】-动词+(at+名词)(1)aim(at sth)(2)arrive(at sth)(3)blush(at sth)(4)come(at sb/sth)(5)fire(at sth)以为目标;瞄准;针对;到达某地或某种程度对感到脸红；攻击某人；发现某事向开火21-凝视，注视-到达，接近；着手；暗指；意知一瞥，扫视 对怒目而视grab/grasp(at sb/sth)抓住(6)g ze C sb/sth)(7)get(at sth)(8)glance(at sb/sth)(9)glare(at sb/sth)(10)(11)knock(at sth)(12)laugh(at sb)(13)look(at sb/sth)(14)point(at sb/sth)(15)run(at sb/sth)(16)shoot(at sth)(17)shout(at sb)(18)smile(at sb)(19)target(at sb/sth)(20)wonder(at sth)(21)yell(at sb)二.(at+名词)敲嘲笑某人指向/瞄准/针对向某人冲去；达到某种水平朝射击朝某人喊叫向某人微笑瞄准，以为目标对好奇/对感到吃惊对某人大喊大叫(at the age)(ol some number)在几岁(at an altitude)(of some number)在某个高度(at the cost/expense)(of sth)(at the end)(of sth)(at the request)(of sb)(at the risk)(of sth/doing sth)(at the sight)(of sb/sth)(at a speed)(of some number)(at the thought)(of sb/sth)(D(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(at birth)(11)(at bottom)(12)(at one1 s command)(13)(at the corner)(14)(at dawn/daybreak)(15)(at a discount)(16)(at first)(17)(at hand)(18)(at home)(19)(at large)(20)(at length)(21)(at last)(22)(at least)(23)(at leisure)(24)(at the moment)以为代价在的结尾应某人的请求冒着.的风险一看见.以的速度 一想到出生时其实，实际上 听候的差遣 在拐角处 在黎明，在拂晓 减价、折扣 最初，开始时 在手边，即将发生 在家/国内 自由，逍遥法外 详细地最后，终于 至少，起码 有空，闲暇时 现在，眼下22(25)(at any price)(26)(at one time)不惜任何代价，无论如何 过去，曾经，一度(27)(at the same time)同时(28)(at work)在工作三.be+adj+(at+名词)(1)be angry(at sb/sth)(2)be competent(at sth)(3)be delighted(at sth)(4)be disappointed(at sb/sth)(5)be dissatisfied(at sb/sth)对生气在方面有能力对感到非常高兴对感到失望对不满意(6)be expert(at sth/doing sth)专长,擅长于，精通(7)be skilled(at sth/doing sth)在方面看隹能，熟练(8)be gifted(at sth/doing sth)在有天麻(9)be good(at sth/doing sth)擅长(10)be hopeless(at sth/doing sth)对感到绝望；对一筹莫展(11)be mad(at sb/sth)对.愤怒(12)be surprised(at sb/sth)如感到吃原(13)be terrfied(at sth/doing sth)械 惊吓(14)be weak(at sth/doing sth)茬方面欠缺,差8.before原始含义beVfom 在之前(时间、空间、顺序)【引申含义】prep.(1)时间上 earlier in timeeg:Please come back(before 10:00pm).(2)空间上 earlier in positioneg:Don t put the cart(before the horse).(3)顺序上 earlier in order or arrangement eg:Health should come(before wealth).(4)当(某人)面 in the presence of sbeg:She charged him of murder(before the jury).【常见搭配】：一动词+(befoe+名词)(1)A come(before B)(2)complain(before sb)(3)go(before sb)(4)put/set A(before B)(5)stand(before sb/sth)二.(before+名词)A在B之上，比B更重要 在某人面前控诉 出现在某人面前 把A看的空下重要 站立在前面23(1)(before day)(2)(before long)(3)(before ones eyes)(4)(before time)(5)(before the wind)(6)(before the world)破晓之前 不久以后 当着某人的面 提前 顺风在众人面前9.behind【原始含义】be+hide 在之后【引申含义】prep(1)空间上,在后面at the back of sb/sth eg:A dog is running(behind us).A dog is running(after us).(2)是产生的原因responsible for stating or developing stheg:There must be someone(behind it).What7 s(behind that happy smile)?(3)时间上，在之后sth is in the pasteg:New York is 12 hours(behind Beijing)(in time).(4)能力上,在之后 making less progress than sb./sth eg:He s(behind the rest of others)(in reading).(5)支持,赞成 giving approval of stheg:My mother is always(behind me)(whatever decision I make).adv在后面，在远处eg:She rode(along the street)(with her dog)(running behind).作介词时：一动词+(behind+名词)(1)fall/lag(behind sb/sth)(2)go(behind sth)They will go behind the decision.二.(behind+名词)(1)(behind bars)(2)(behind sbf s back)(3)(behind the schedule/time)(4)(behind the times)落在后面进一步斟酌在狱中在背后晚点、推迟过时、落伍24作副词时:(1)sb stay/remain behind某人(在他人走后)逗留，留下(2)sb wait behind 某人(在别人走后)留下behind忘带,留下某物;超越某人10.beside【原始含义】be+side 在边上【引申含义】prep.(1)在旁边 next to.;by the side of.eg:a town(beside the sea)She sat(beside the teacher).(2)与相比 compared witheg:My work is so poor(beside yours).【常见搭配】(beside+名词)(1)(beside oneself)(2)(beside the point)高兴的不得了离题，不中肯；与无关11.besides【原始含义】beside+s 除外,还有.in addition to sb/sth prepeg:There were two other students(in the classroom)(besides Tom).【常见搭配】besides+名词/动名词eg:We have a lot(in common)(besides music).(lesides working)(as a doctor),he also writes a lot of stories.12.between【原始含义】be-two-in 在两者之间“【引申含义】prep.(1)空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间in the middle of two things in terms of space,time,order,class etc.eg:(Between two strange buildings)stands a tree.His age is(between sixty and seventy).(2)表示两者之间的某种关系to show a connection or relationship25eg:He has to decide(between life and death).There is a great differenc