高考英语-语法专题(三).ppt

20112011届高考英语语法专题届高考英语语法专题(三三)一、被动语态构成形式被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词没有被动语态。在不同的时态下助动词be有不同的形式。现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态被动语态的构成一般式一般现在时be(am，is，are)told一般过去时be(was，were)told一般将来时shall/will be told过去将来时should/would be told进行式现在进行时be(am，is，are)being told过去进行时be(was，were)being told完成式现在完成时have/has been told过去完成时had been told1.一般现在时：You are ordered to do it.这样考过(2009南京调研)The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow，when a snowstorm _ to strike our area.A.expectsBhas expectedCis expected Dwill be expected解析：句意：届时会有暴风雪。be expected to“预计会做某事”。答案：C2一般过去时：I was invited to the concert.这样考过(2009北京)The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.Atreated Bwere treatedCwould treat Dwould be treated解析：句意：客人们在旅馆中被招待的方式影响到对他们服务的评价。此题考查时态语态。根据题意，客人是被招待的，应排除A、C两项；influenced 时间提示为一般过去时，故选B。答案：B(2009湖南示范性中学联考)After being discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606，the eastern half of Australia _ by the British in 1770.Awas claimed Bclaimed Cwas claiming Dhas been claimed解析：由句意：自1606年被荷兰探险者发现之后，澳大利亚东半部分在1770年宣布为英国所有，知答案选A。答案：A3 一 般 将 来 时：The matter will be looked into tomorrow.这样考过(2009皖西四校)_ is known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games _ in London.AWhat;will be held BIt;will hold CAs;is held DWhich;holds解析：由句意知空中应填一个引导主语从句的连接词，并作句子的主语；由句中的时间2012年知表将来，且Olympic Games与hold之间为被动关系。综上选A。答案：A(2009北京海淀区)If your order is ready，the Tshirt _ to you as soon as possible.Ahas delivered Bis deliveredCwill deliver Dwill be delivered解析：主语是Tshirt 谓语动词，deliver 应用被动，表示Tshirt被送，排除A、C两项。根据语境，如果你定了货，Tshirt 将会随时被送货。故选D项。答案：D(2009北京宣武区)A meeting _ at 3 pm.next Tuesday.Will you go there?Ahas held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dwill hold 解析：根据时间状语next Tuesday 判断用将来式。主语是meeting 被举行因此选C项。will be held 为将来时的被动式。答案：C4现在进行时：The house is being built.这样考过(2009四川)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it _.Ahas repaired Bis repairedCis being repaired Dwill be repaired解析：句意：为什么我们不选择走那条路以节省时间呢？因为去那条路的桥正在修理中。题目考查了现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。桥与修理存在被动关系，而且根据句子语境要求采用进行时态。答案：C(2009湖 南)Would you please keep silent？The weather report _ and I want to listen.Ais broadcast Bis being broadcastChas been broadcast Dhad been broadcast 解析：句意：请安静一下好吗？正广播天气预报呢，我想听听。根据句意，该空考查的是现在进行时的被动语态。答案：B(2009江苏)Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry._.AIts repaired BIt has been repairedCIts being repaired DIt had been repaired解析：句意：嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？真抱歉，电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态。答案：C5过去进行时：When I called，tea was being served.这样考过(2009上 海)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people _ not to touch any unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere always being warnedCare always warning Dalways warned解析：句意：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”，要用被动语态。答案：B6现在完成时：My bike has been repaired.这样考过(2009全 国)His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas not heard of 解析：句意：他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现在完成时；hear of 与his sister 在本句中为被动关系，故用被动语态，所以选B。答案：B7过去完成时：When we went to the cinema，the film had been on for ten minutes.这样考过(2009北京崇文区)It was proven that the story of one witness _.Ahas been invented Bhad been inventedCwould be invented Dwas invented解析：此题考查时态，据证实(It was proven that.)用过去的时态，故后面用过去完成式(已经被编造出来)。答案：B(2009皖南八校联考)This Monday morning I was informed I _ as one of three exchange students from our college.Ahad been choosing Bwas chosenChad been chosen Dwas choosing解析：过去的过去应用过去完成时的被动语态。答案：C8过去将来时：He said that the teaching building would be built next month.这样考过(2006湖南)In a room above the store，where a party_，some workers were busily setting the table.Awas to be held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dis being held解析：由some workers were busily setting the table，可知会议要被召开，同时时态为过去时，故选A。答案：A9将来完成时：They will have finished the work ahead of time when we decide to see them.这样考过(2009青岛质检)Have you finished your essay?Half _ when you come back.Ahas been done Bis doneCbe done Dwill have been done解析：考查动词时态和语态辨析。when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以主句表示将来的动作，且表示“等你回来的时候一半的工作将已经完成”。答案：D10含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be动词的过去分词These books must be returned in three days.注：被动语态还有一种“get过去分词”的结构，这种结构比较口语化。例如：Teacher Wang got married last year.这样考过(2009北京宣武区)At minus 130，a living cell can _ for a thousand years.Apreserve Bbe preservedCbe preserving Dhave been preserved解析：考查情态动词用法。can 后面接动词原形，同时应注意被动语态。句意为：在零下130时，活细胞可以存活一千年。答案：B二、主动形式表示被动意义的情况用法例句这几 类动 词作 谓语时表示烹调、饮食方面的动词。如：cook，eat，drink，taste等。The soup tastes delicious.汤很好喝。表示运动变化的某些动词。如：drive，change，move等。In America，cars drive on the righthand side of the road.在美国，车辆靠右行驶。表示主语状态、特征的连系动词。如：look，feel，smell，sound等。The desk feels smooth.这张桌子摸起来很光滑。用法例句用来作定语，和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。Please lend me a pen to write with.请借给我一支钢笔写字。在“beadj.不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。The chair is very comfortable to sit on.这把椅子坐着很舒适。在“疑问词不定式”结构中，不定式动作与疑问词之间存在动宾关系，可用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Who do you think can tell us what to do?你认为谁可以告诉我们做什么？用法例句在there be结构中，主语后的不定式可用主动形式表示被动意义，也可用其被动形式。但跟逻辑主语时必须用主动形式。There is nothing to fear/to be feared.没有什么可害怕的。Theres nothing for me to do today.今天我无事可做。在beadj./adv.enough不定式结构中，可用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。The story was not interesting enough to publish.这部小说趣味性不够，不能发表。表 示“需 要”意 义 的 need，want，require及worth之后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。His watch is out of order and needs repairing.他的手表出毛病了，需要修理。这样考过(2009洛阳统考)Honey，this is a present for your birthday.Ah！A pair of shoes，Nike！I think it _ comfortable.Awears Bis wornCis wearing Dhas worn解析：it wears comfortable 它穿起来很舒服。答案：A(2009郑州预测)Id like a pen which _ well.Will this one _？Awrites;help Bwrites;doCis written;work Dis written;help解析：考查动词的语态和动词辨析。第一空表示“一支好用的钢笔”，用主动语态而不用被动，因此空白处填writes。答语说：这支笔可以吗？表示“行，可以”用动词do。答案：B(2009北京五中)Our house has reached the point where so many things need _ and its so hard to find the time to fix them.Ato do up Bdoing upCto put up Dputting up答案：B三、被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态表示动作，主语是动作的承受者；而系表结构则表示主语的特征或所处的状态。区别例句大多数用by短语的句子是被动语态；若用其他固定搭配的介词，往往是系表结构。I was frightened by his ghost story.(被动语态)我被他的鬼故事吓着了。I was frightened of snakes.(系表结构)我怕蛇。区别例句“bep.p.”是一般现在时，若句中有时间状语，说明动作的反复性或习惯性，是被动语态；若无这类状语，则是系表结构。The bank is usually closed at six.(被动语态)银行通常在6点关门。The bank is now closed.(系表结构)银行现在没开门。“bep.p.”是一般过去时，若句中有时间、地点、方式或目的状语，多为被动语态；没有状语的情况要依据上下文意思确定。The picture was drawn long ago.(被动语态)这幅画是很久以前画的。The picture was drawn well.(系表结构)这幅画画得很好。这样考过(武汉)Moms spent the day shopping，cleaning and cooking and now she_.Ahas worn out Bis worn outCis wearing out Dwears out解析：本题的第一分句用的是现在完成时，再根据时间状语now可知指现在状况，所以用一般现在时，be worn out意为“筋疲力尽”。答案：B四、“get过去分词”结构的用法用法例句表示突然、偶然、意外发生的事。The student got hurt on his way home from school.这名学生在放学回家的路上受了伤。Some glasses got broken when we were moving.我们搬家的时候有些杯子被打碎了。用法例句表示反身行为而非被动行为。I have to get dressed before 8 oclock.8点钟前我必须穿戴好。Im afraid you cant have time to get changed before the party.恐怕在晚会前你没时间换衣服了。表示说话者强调的动作。Antonio and Portia arranged to get married.安东尼奥和鲍西娅筹备要结婚。Did you get invited to the party?你被邀请参加舞会了吗？这样考过(2009北京东城区)Do you know how much a babysitter _ for an hour?Well，it depends.Apays Bgets paidCbeing paid Dpaid解析：根据句意“你知道一个保姆一小时挣多少钱吗”可知答案为B。答案：B(2009重庆诊断)Whats wrong with your leg?It _ in a car accident.Ahas been hurt Bgot hurt Churt Dhurts解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。答语意为：在一次车祸中受伤了。主语It即指my leg，为谓语动词动作的承受者，因此需要用被动语态；车祸发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时。这里got hurtwas hurt。答案：B单项填空1The students said hello to the teacher and _ with a smile.Awere rewarded Bwas rewardedChave rewarded Dhas rewarded答案与解析：A“学生们向老师问好，老师回应给他们一个微笑。”应该是“学生们被回应”由句意可知此处为被动，故C、D排除；又“the students”做主语，所以谓语动词为“were”，故选A项。2Have the traffic police caught the driver?Yes.He _ only two hours after the accident occurred.Awas caught BcaughtChas caught Dhas caught答案与解析：A表示过去某一时间点发生的事用过去式。He和caught 形成被动关系，用被动语态。3The windows must have taken you quite a long time that day.Right.They _ for weeks.Ahavent been cleaned Bdidnt cleanChadnt been cleaned Dhavent cleaned答案与解析：C考查时态。第一句话的谓语动词是must have taken，说明此处是对过去发生的事情的推测；答语“好几个星期没有打扫了”发生在that day 之前，表示过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。4The advanced highspeed railway _ in the year 2012，when the Olympics are to be held in London.Awill be completed Bhas completedCwill have completed Dwill complete答案与解析：A考查谓语动词的时态。句中的时间状语in the year 2012暗示应该用将来的某种时态，主语“The advanced highspeed railway”是动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，只有选项A为被动语态，答案为A。5Why do you look so worried?My computer broke down and my essay _ since.Ahas been left unfinishedBhas left to finishCwas left to finishDhad been left unfinished答案与解析：A考查动词的时态和语态。由broke down和since 可知时态用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。6Why dont you buy that shirt?That kind of material _ well.Adoesnt wash Bhasnt washedCisnt washed Dcant be washed答案与解析：A有少数及物动词可转化为不及物动词，常见的有：cut，lock，open，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等，此时句子的主语一般是物，而且这些动词常和well，easily等连用或与否定词连用构成否定句。注意：含有这类动词的句子也可用被动语态表示，但含义不同。主动语态表示现状，被动语态则侧重某一动作的发生。本句表示那种面料很不耐洗，所以选A。7After saying goodbye，the couple moved off and _ in the crowd.Awas lost Bwere lost Chad lost Dto lose答案与解析：B考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是the couple，谓语动词应用复数形式；空中的时态应与moved off 一致，此处应用be lost，表示“消失在人群里”。8Why do you go to work by bus?Because my car _.Ahas repaired Bhas been repairedCwas repaired Dis being repaired答案与解析：D考查时态与语态。从本题语境可知，没有开车的原因是车子正在被修理，因此动词应该使用现在进行时的被动语态。9He _ as a child，sent to good schools，and given every chance to be brought up well.Areads Bhad to readCwas read to Dread to 答案与解析：C短语read something to somebody“给某人朗读”。语境为：小时候，有人给他朗读、送他去上好学校、给他提供一切有助于他成材的机会。在他儿时，应是别人给他朗读，因此空白处应填was read to。10What is that noise?Oh，I forgot to tell you that the new machine _.Awas tested Bwill be testedCis being tested Dhas been tested答案与解析：C考查时态和语态。由上一句中的一般现在时知说话者询问的是目前的噪声是怎么回事，故答话中应用现在进行时表示目前的情况；同时，机器应是被测试的，故用被动语态。11This kind of ball pen which _ smoothly is quite popular with students.Ais written Bwriting Cwritten Dwrites答案与解析：Dwrite vi.写起来，表示事物本身具有的性质，用主动形式。write smoothly 写起来流畅。which引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，所填部分作定语从句的谓语，故选D。12The TV series“The Gate of the Sea”，which is adapted from a popular novel，_ in Taizhou in the early 1980s.Awas set Bis set Chas been set Dhad been set 答案与解析：B本题考查时态。句意：“海之门”这部由流行小说改编成的电视连续剧，是以二十世纪八十年代早期的台州为背景。由句意可知本题是在陈述客观事实，因此用一般现在时，故选B。13Can you see what is written on that board?Yes.It _“CAUTION：WET FLOOR”Areads Bis readCwrites Dis written答案与解析：Aread表示“写着”，做本题时注意与汉语习惯的差异。14Bread and butter _ for breakfast in many Chinese homes nowadays.Aserve BserversCis served Dare served答案与解析：C考查主谓一致与语态。bread and butter 作为一个整体谓语动词用单数。be served for.被当作；serve breakfast 供应早餐。