猪繁殖系统疾病--美国课件.ppt

,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,危害猪繁殖系统的主要疾病,Major diseases affecting reproduction in swine,细小病毒病,Parvovirus,伪狂犬病,Pseudorabies,猪繁殖和呼吸综合征（蓝耳病）,PRRS,钩端螺旋体病,Leptospirosis,日本乙型脑炎,Japanese B Encephalitis,猪瘟,Hog Cholera,流感,Influenza,布氏杆菌病,Brucellosis,Porcine Parvovirus,猪细小病毒,Common cause of reproductive failure,繁殖障碍的常见病因,Worldwide and in most herds,世界范围内多数猪群都有发生,90-100%,of adults are positive,成年猪,90-100%,为阳性。,Clinical Signs,临床症状,Depends on stage of pregnancy,怀孕的不同时期，症状不同,70,days can have no effect on litter,70天以上感染-对将出生的仔猪无影响,Diagnosis of Parvovirus,诊断,Clinical signs,临床症状,increase in females returning to estrus,再发情母猪的数量增加,irregular estrus cycles,发情周期不规则,failure to farrow,分娩障碍,small litters,窝产仔数少,mummies,木乃伊,Laboratory Diagnosis,实验室诊断,FA test on mummies-best test,荧光抗体检测木乃伊最为有效,Serology-prebreeeding and postbreeding samples,血清学检测配种前和配种后取样检测,Active antibody titers are very high,主动抗体的滴度极高,Vaccine titers are much lower,疫苗引起的抗体滴度相当低,Prevention of Parvovirus,细小病毒病的,预防,Vaccination,疫苗接种,vaccinate gilts twice 30 days prior to breeding,配种前30天内给后备母猪接种2次疫苗,revaccinate every 6 months,每6个月追加免疫1次,vaccinate boars every 6 months,每6个月给公猪免疫1次,Prevention of Parvovirus,细小病毒病的预防,Feedback Protocol,回喂程序,For PRRS nave herds,对于猪繁殖和呼吸综合征饲喂给敏感猪群,To promote protection against TGE,enteroviruses,parvovirus,rotovirus,and E.coli,可用于抵抗传染性胃肠炎、肠病毒、细小病毒、轮状病毒和大肠杆菌,Feedback program,回喂程序,at least 3 weeks prior to introduction,至少在引入主猪群前3周,Feedback Protocol,回喂程序,Retain viscera from one stillborn pig and one newly born weak pig per 10 head of gilts,每10个新母猪群保留一个死产仔猪和新生弱仔的内脏,Collect all mummies available on that day,收集分娩当天所有的木乃伊仔猪,Feedback Protocol,回喂程序,Collect cup of manure from breeding herd per gilt to be fed back,从繁殖群每头新母猪收集半杯粪便以供回喂,Mix material in equal parts of cold water,将收集的粪便与同量冷水混合,Feed 500 ml(2 cups)per gilt,twice per week for 2 weeks beginning in late development,从发育期后期开始对每头新母猪喂二杯，每周喂二次，共喂二周,Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病,Affects on pigs depends on age of pigs,对猪的危害取决于猪龄大小,Infection reduces profitability of farm,减少猪场利润,Highly contagious disease,高度传染性疾病,Spread primarily by pig to pig contact,主要以猪不同个体之间的接触而传播,Domestic and wild animals are susceptible,家猪及野猪均易感,Cause of Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病的,病因,A herpes virus,一种疱疹病毒,Virus does not survive over 2 weeks in environment:except in cold conditions,病毒在环境中存活不超过2周，寒冷除外,Drying,sunlight,and most disinfectants destroy the virus,干燥，阳光和多数消毒药均能杀死病毒,Transmission of Virus,传播,Infected feeder pigs and breeding stock,感染的架子猪和种猪,Latency problems,潜伏期问题,Saliva and nasal secretions,唾液和鼻腔分泌物,Aborted fetuses and infected piglets,流产的死胎和受感染的仔猪,Aerosol,equipment,clothing and boots,空气,设备,衣物和鞋,Clinical Signs of Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病的,临床症状,Age dependent,取决于年龄,Less than 3 weeks of age,小于3周龄感染,death,死亡,tremors and incoordination,振颤和共济失调,paddling and convulsions,四肢划船运动和痉挛,Clinical Signs of Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病的,临床症状,Post-weaning to market weight pigs,断奶至上市之间的猪,respiratory signs:coughing and sneezing,呼吸道症状:咳嗽和喷嚏,anorexia,high fevers,labored breathing,厌食,高热,呼吸困难,tremors and incoordination,振颤和共济失调,The younger the pig when infected,the higher the death loss,猪龄越小，感染后,死亡越高,Clinical Signs of Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病的,临床症状,Breeding herd,种猪群,can result in respiratory signs,引起呼吸道症状,reproductive signs,生殖系统症状,abortions,stillborns,weak pigs,流产,死胎,弱仔,return to estrus and infertility,再发情和 不孕,Diagnosis of Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病的,诊断,Clinical signs that are age-dependent,年龄不同，临床症状表现也不同,Pseudorabies in the area,本地区的发生情况,Laboratory Diagnosis,实验室诊断,Virus Isolation,病毒分离,brain,tonsils,liver,spleen,lungs,脑,扁桃体,肝,脾,肺,Serological testing,血清学检测,fluorescent antibody test,serum neutralization,ELISA,荧光抗体试验，血清中和试验，酶联免疫吸附试验,takes 7 days for antibodies to develop,产生抗体需7天,Treating Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病的,治疗,No effective treatment once outbreak has occurred,一旦爆发，无有效治疗方法,Isolate infected pigs once diagnosed,确诊后隔离感染猪,Immediate implementation of vaccination may lessen affects,马上免疫接种可减少损失,Preventing Pseudorabies,伪狂犬病的,预防,Proper isolation of replacements and testing prior to introduction to herd,适当隔离后备猪并在引入猪群前进行检测,Vaccinate breeding stock,免疫种猪群,Vaccinate pigs at 8 weeks of age,对8周龄仔猪进行免疫接种,Biosecurity,生物安全措施,PRRS,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征,Reproductive failure,生殖障碍,Respiratory problems,呼吸道病,Worldwide disease problem,世界性问题,Perhaps the most economically costly disease in swine today,可能是当今养猪业损失最大的疾病之一,PRRS Virus,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,Pigs with high-test results can still be actively shedding the virus,抗体强阳性的猪仍能活跃地排泄病毒,Numerous strains of PRRS virus,有许多种病毒株,Extreme variation in clinical signs on farms,猪场临床症状极其多变,Respiratory Failure,呼吸症状,Sows and gilts,母猪和小母猪,depression,萎靡,lethargy,昏睡,anorexia,厌食,fever,发热,respiratory distress,呼吸困难,Reproductive Failure,繁,殖障碍,Late-term abortions/farrowing early,晚期流产或早产,Increase in stillbirths,mummified fetuses,and weak newborns,死胎，木乃伊胎和弱仔数增加,Increased Preweaning Mortality,断奶前仔猪死亡率增加,Weakborn pigs die within 24 hours,弱仔在产后24小时内死亡,Normal appearing pigs can develop difficulty in breathing,表现正常的仔猪可能发生呼吸困难,Can develop diarrhea,发生下痢,Death loss increases,死亡损失增加,Diagnosis of PRRS,诊断,History of reproductive problems,生殖系统病史,abortions,stillborns,weak piglets,流产，死胎，弱仔,Increased preweaning mortality,断奶前的仔猪死亡率增加,Respiratory outbreaks,呼吸道病爆发,Diagnosis of PRRS,诊断,Generalized increase in the size of lymph nodes,淋巴结普遍肿大,Pneumonic lesions in nursery pigs,保育仔猪发生肺炎病变,No specific necropsy lesions,无特异性剖检病变,Laboratory Diagnostics,实验室诊断,Virus isolation,病毒分离,serum of weakborn pigs,弱仔的血清,tissues of sick pigs,病猪的组织,Serology,血清学,ELISA,SN,IFA,PCR,Transmission of PRRS Virus,病毒的传播,Pig to pig is most common method,猪只间直接传播最为普遍,introduction of infected shedding pigs,引进排毒的猪,stressed negative carrier pigs,受应激的阴性带毒猪,Airborne transmission,空气传播,Boar semen,公猪精液,Source of Viral Transmission,传染源,Replacement breeding animals,后备种猪,Sows at farrowing,分娩母猪,Nursery pigs,保育期仔猪,Boars shedding intermittently,间断性排毒的公猪,PRRS Control,控制,Must stabilize the breeding herd,一定要稳定种猪群,vaccination,免疫接种,natural exposure,自然接触免疫,target replacement animals,注重后备猪的预防,close herd to replacement introductions,Transmission from sow to piglet must be controlled,必须控制从母猪到仔猪的传播,PRRS Vaccine Use,疫苗的应用,Use to attempt to stabilize a herd produces variable results,用于稳定变异大的猪群,Use for introducing replacement animals into a positive herd,用于进入阳性猪群的后备种猪,Change needle often,Vaccination Programs,免疫程序,There is no perfect vaccination program,无完善的免疫程序,Numerous recommended protocols,推荐的免疫方案有多种,Modified vs.killed vaccines,弱毒苗 对,死苗,Modified-live PRRS Vaccines,弱毒苗,Replicate in the body,在体内繁殖,Better efficacy?,临床效果更好吗？,Shedding concerns,担心排毒,Transmission concerns,担心传播本病,Killed PRRS Vaccines,死苗,Does not replicate in the body,在体内不繁殖,No shedding concerns,不会排毒,Will they generate adequate immunity?,但是否能产生足够的免疫？,Stopping the spread of virus in farrowing facility,阻止病毒在产仔舍中的传播,Cross foster only during the first 24 hours of life,仅在仔猪出生后24小时内交叉寄养,Prevent the movement of pigs and sows between rooms,防止肉猪和母猪在猪舍间走动,Humanely destroy sick piglets that are unlikely to recover,人道地淘汰康复无望的仔猪,Minimize injections to nursing piglets,减少保育期仔猪的注射机会,Replacement Animals,后备猪,Proper isolation and acclimation,适当地隔离和适应新环境,Ideally off-site,理想的隔离点,Can work on same location,可在同一地区进行,Separate buildings,隔离建筑物,Separate clothing and boots,隔离衣物和鞋,Isolation/acclimation Program,隔离/新环境适应程序,One possible plan for positive herds,一个阳性猪群的可行计划,day 1 vaccinate for PRRS and others,第1天，免疫,PRRS,和其它疾病,revaccinate in 21-30 days,第21-30天重复免疫,expose to young culls or nursery pigs,与年青的淘汰猪或保育仔猪接确感染,allow 30-60 days of nonactivity,允许30-60天无活动,Isolation/acclimation Program,隔离/新环境适应程序,Possible plan in negative herd,阴性场的可行计划,test animals upon arrival,引进猪时进行检测,day 14 introduce your known negative gilts,14天时可将已知阴性小母猪引入,Day 45 test replacements and sentinels 45,天时检测后备猪和标记猪,Day 60 If all tests are negative,introduce to herd,第60天时，如果所有的检测为阴性，方可引入猪群,Additional Program,附加程序,Introducing replacements at young ages,要引进年青的后备猪,still requires isolation and testing,仍然需要隔离和检测,Control of PRRS,控制,Good isolation/acclimation practices,建立良好的隔离/新环境适应程序,Diagnostic work up,加强诊断,Stabilizing the immune status of breeding herd,加强种猪的免疫状况,Age segregated pig flow,隔离饲养不同年龄的猪,Providing proper environment,提供良好的环境,Challenging Disease,挑战疾病,Very difficult to control,极难控制,No one program works well,没有一个非常有效的程序,Takes time for improvement,改进需要时间,