人教版高一英语必修一教案Unit4Earthquakes.doc

Unit4 Earthquakes
一、 重点单词及词性变化
1. _________ n.国家，民族；国民→_________ adj.国家的，民族的
2. ________ [U]污垢，泥土→_________ adj.脏的
3. _________ [C]苦难，痛苦→_________ vt & vi.遭受，忍受；vi.受苦；患病
4. ___________adj.极度的，极端的→___________ adv.极度地，极端地
5. ___________vt.损害，伤害，损伤→___________ adj.受伤的→___________ n. 伤害，损伤
6. ___________ n.幸存者；生还者；残存物→___________vi.存活，活着 vt.从…中存活下来；
7. ___________ adj.无用的；无效的 →___________adv. 无用地；无效地→___________n.无用
→反义词：___________adj. 有用的
8. ___________vt & vi. （使）震惊；震动 n.休克，震动→___________adj.（某人）感到震惊的
→___________ adj.（某事）令人震惊的
9. ___________ n.& vt. 救援，营救→___________n.救援者；营救者
10. ___________ n.灾难，灾祸→___________ adj.灾难性的；极糟的
11. ___________vt.使惊吓；吓唬；使害怕→___________adj. (某人)感到害怕的，受惊的
→___________adj. （某事）令人恐惧的
12. ___________ n.祝贺，祝辞，贺词→___________ vt.祝贺
13. ___________ n. 裁判员；法官 vt.判断→___________ n.判断；判决；意见；看法
14. ___________ vt.表示，表达 n.快递，快车→___________ n.表示，表达（法），表情
→___________ adj.表情的，表现的
15. ___________ n.骑自行车的人→___________ vi.骑自行车

二． 重点单词的固定搭配
1. burst vi. vt. (burst---burst---burst) 使某物爆炸，胀破，爆破, 破裂
burst in/into a door/ room /building 突然进入门/房间/大楼
burst into sth. = burst out doing 突然…起来
He burst into the room without knocking at the door. 他没有敲门就突然进入房间.
The plane crashed and burst into flames. 飞机坠毁起火了.
All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing. =All of them burst into laughter/tears/songs
他们全都突然笑起来/哭起来/唱起来.
单项填空
Every time he thought of his past, he couldn’t help bursting .
A. when; out tears B. that; into crying
C. which; into tears D. /; out crying
解析：选D。burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相当于连词，
引导状语从句。故选D。
巩固练习
听到这个消息，他放声大笑起来。
On hearing the news, he ________ _______ ________.
她母亲去世的消息使她大哭起来。
The news that her mother died made her ______ _______ crying.
burst out laughing / burst into laughter ，burst out

2. shock v. & n. 使震惊，使难以置信
1) be shocked at…对…感到震惊
We were shocked at the news. 我们都对这个消息感到震惊。
2) be shocked to do sth.惧怕做某事
She was shocked to the man by his actions.他的行为把她吓得目瞪口呆。
3) It shocked sb. to see/hear看到/听到使…某人震惊
It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。
4)be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个打击
The news of his wife's death was a shock to him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。

3. rescue n.& vt. 援救，营救
常用结构：
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……从……营救出来
e to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人
The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克尔把溺水的男孩救了起来。

用rescue的适当形式填空
①The mother, along with her two children, from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
②The firemen five children from the burning house yesterday.
③We ________________ and pulled him out of the lake.

①has been rescued ②rescued ③came to his rescue

4. judge n. 法官；鉴赏家；裁判 vt.判断；估计
His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
She’s a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。
Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
常用结构：
judgment n.判断，辨别力
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……
judging from...从……来看， 根据……判断
Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 从他所说的话来看，他是个诚实的人。

(1)单项填空
the hat he , the old man is a farmer.
A. Judging from; is wearing
B. Judging by; is having on
C. To judge by; putting
D. Judged by; is putting
（2）用judge的适当形式填空
① from his appearance, he must be a rich man.
②In her , he must be from the south.
(1)解析：选A。judging from为固定搭配，此处judging不与the old man形成逻辑主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿着”的状态，然而have on没有进行时态；dress可以作及物和不及物动词，作不及物动词时意为“穿衣”，作及物动词时宾语是人。
(2)①Judging ②judgment

5. ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭。既可指实际的东西，也可指抽象的东西。
n.［U］毁坏；毁灭 ［C］（常用作复数）废墟
常用结构：
in ruins严重损坏；破败不堪；落空
bring sb to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡
fall/go to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin oneself毁掉自己
Laziness will ruin one’s prospects. 懒惰会使人自毁前程。
We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii. 我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。
单项填空
①I was by that law case.
A. ruined B. ruined
C. damaged D. destroyed
②Many old temples ruins are now being rebuilt.
A. on B. by C. with D. in
①解析：选A。句意为：我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。ruin常用于借喻中，指损坏到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意，也可用于借喻。
②解析：选D。in ruins为固定搭配，意为“处于颓废状态”。

巩固练习
他因为自己的粗心而毁了自己的前程。
He ________ his prospects(前程) by carelessness.
很多教学楼都坍塌了。
Quite a few teaching buildings have fallen _______ ________.
ruined，in ruins

6. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于
常用结构：
be buried alive 被活埋
bury (oneself) in 埋头于；专心于；退居于(乡间等)
=be buried in
bury one’s head in the sand 自欺欺人，逃避现实
If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it won’t be long before you find yourself left behind.
如果你再拒绝承认你的一些同班同学已经赶上来了这一事实，那么不用多久，你就会发现自己落后了。

选词填空（burying/buried）
I have a sigh, my head in my hands.
buried

7. trap vt & n困住；使陷入危险
常用结构：
be trapped in…困在….中，陷在….中
trap sb. into doing sth. 陷害/诱骗某人做某事
The guests were trapped in the fire.旅客被火给困住了
They trapped her into telling where the gift was hidden.他们诱骗她说出礼物藏的地点
She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。

8. shelter n.避难所；庇护；庇护所 v.保护；隐匿；庇护
常用结构：
shelter from躲避；避开
shelter oneself 为自己辩解；给自己找借口
take shelter 躲藏；避难
Under (the) shelter of在…的庇护(或保护)下
The refugees' main requirements are food and shelter.
难民的主要必需品是食物和住所。
These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.
这种植物必须遮起来，免受阳光直射。
We took shelter from the storm in a barn.
我们在一个谷仓里躲避暴风雨。

三、重点词组及拓展
1. right away 立刻，马上
I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。
If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。
拓展
right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻，马上

2. think little of…忽视/不重视…，对….评价很低。类似此结构的短语还有：
think well/highly/much/a lot /a great deal of…重视…，对…评价很高
think little/badly/ill/not much/poorly of…忽视/不重视…，对…评价很低
特别要注意此结构的被动语态：
His works are highly thought of by readers.他的作品深受读者的推崇。
I don’t think much of his new book.我认为他的新书不怎么样。
拓展
What do you think of ...?认为……怎么样？
think about考虑；回想；想起
think of考虑；记忆，记起
think sth. over仔细想；谨慎思考；作进一步考虑
The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.
政府非常重视他的发明，因为它将有益于全国人民。
The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.
那个愚蠢的老板根本就不重视我对那项工程的建议。
He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays.
他正在考虑暑假旅游的事。
I can’t think of his name at the moment.
我一时想不起他的名字。
Please think over what I said. 请仔细考虑我说的话。

巩固练习
其他学者对他的理论评价不高。
The other scholars _______ ______ _______ his theory.
他的电影深受年轻人的推崇。
His films are _______ _______ _____ by the young.
我认为他的新书不怎么样。
I ______ ________ _______ his new book.
thought little of ， highly thought of ，don't think much of

3. at an end 结束，终结（= finish）
拓展
end n.& v. 结事，终结
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end of在……末尾
by the end of到……末为止(常用于过去完成时态）
in the end最后，终于
The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。
By the end of last month ,I had planted thousands of trees.到上个月末,我已经种了数千棵树了。

用所给短语的适当形式填空
at the end of, by the end of, in the end

(1) How many English words had you learned________________ last term?
(2) He became an outstanding doctor ________________.
(3) My uncle will fly to China_____________________ this year.
①by the end of ②in the end ③at the end of

4. the number of “……的数量、数目”,作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of意为“一些，很多”，相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The number of petitors is limit. 参赛者的数量是有限的。
A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题。
扩展：
a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可数名词复数，意为“大量的”；
a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a little+ 不可数名词，意为“大量的”；
a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quantities of/ plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词均可，意为“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ..., large quantities of ...作主语时谓语动词与quantity形式一致。如：
Large quantities of money have been sent there.
A large quantity of books has been offered to us.

单项填空
During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased.
A. have B. has
C. was D. were
解析：选B。the number of+复数名词，其主语是number，故谓语动词用单数，意为“……的数量”。
巩固练习
1. a (great) number of ; the number of
_________________ students ________(have) lost interest in learning because of too much homework.
__________________ the students in our school _______ (be) increasing year by year.
A great number of ; have The number of ; is
四．重要句型
1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农场，鸡甚至猪都太不安而无法吃东西。
too+adj./adv.+to…表示“…太…而不能…”。如：
She’s too young to go to school.她太小了，不能去上学。
It’s too early for us to go now.我们现在就去太早了点。（太早了而不能去）
注意：当“too”前有not，never，much，all，far，only等修饰时，此结构“to do sth”部分就表达肯定意义。如：
One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
Swimming is not too difficult to learn.游泳并不十分难学。
We are only too pleased to go with her.我们非常乐意和她一起去。

2.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来，寻找藏身的地方。
looking for places to hide是现在分词短语，在此作伴随状语。现在分词做状语，可以作时间、条件、原因、方式等状语。如：
The earthquake which caused the tsunami happened deep under the sea, killing more than 200,000people.引起海啸的地震发生在深海，杀死了超过200，000人。（结果状语）
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。（原因状语）

3.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是那天晚上这个城市（指唐山）里的一百万人像往常一样入睡，这些人轻视这些事（这里指地震发生前的那些具有征兆性的事）
（1）who thought little of these events是非限制定语从句，先行词是前面的the one million people,补充说明这一百万人的情况。如：
We won the game, which shocked everybody.我们赢得了比赛，这件事震惊了所有人。
Beijing, where I have lived for five years, is my second home.北京是我的第二故乡，我已经在这生活了5年。

4.It seemed as if the world was at an end.仿佛世界终结了。
（1）as if 仿佛，好像=as though，常与seem，look，appear等表象系动词搭配使用（作为表语从句），也可以直接引导方式状语从句。
注意：当as if/though引导的从句表示的情况是事实或者具有很大可能性时，从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气，如：
It looks as if it’s going to rain. It’s cloudy. 看起来好像要下雨了。天空乌云密布。
若表示的不是事实，而是主观想象或比喻时，或者从句表示的情况可能性很小，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气表现形式如下：
as if/though引导的从句的情况
从句谓语动词的形式
例句
与现在事实相反
过去式（be动词用were）
She speaks English very well as though she were a foreigner.她英语说得非常好，好像她是一个外国人。

与过去事实相反
过去完成时
They talked as if they had been friends for many years.他们交谈得好像他们是多年的老朋友。

与将来事实相反
would／could／might＋动词原形

He opened his mouth as if he would say something．他张开嘴好像要说什么。

5．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万的家庭被杀死，许多孩子成为孤儿。
were left without parents是leave…without parents的被动态，这是leave +宾语+宾补的复合结构，表示使…处于某种状态。
leave +宾语+宾补，宾补可以是：
① 形容词：You’d better leave the windows open.你最好让窗户开着。
② 副词：You must leave the radio on.你必须让收音机开着。
③ 现在分词：They all walked out and left me sitting there all by myself.他们都走出去了，留我一个人坐在那里。（现在分词作宾补，与宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系）
④ 过去分词：He left the work half finished.他工作完成一半。（过去分词作宾补，与宾语存在逻辑上的被动关系）
⑤ 介词短语：Don’t leave her in the rain.别把她留在雨中。

6. All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破灭了（并非所有的希望都不见了）。
句中All...not...（或者Not all...）是表示部分否定的句型。意为“并非所有都...”,否定词not，never，hardly等无论位于all之前还是之后，都是表示部分否定“并非所有都...”。如：
All that glitters is not gold.=Not all that glitters is gold并非所有闪光的都是金子。
【拓展】部分否定和全部否定
部分否定就是使用否定词not或never等来否定表示全部概念的词（如：all， both，every以及由every合成的不定代词）。其意义均为“不都„„”，“并非所有„„都„„”。需要说明的是：not或never否定这些词时，并非总是放在它们前面，否定词也可置于这些词之后。
全部否定是指句子使用了表示全部否定的词，这些词都表示绝对没人（事，物等）。可以表示全部否定的词有neither、none、no one、nobody、nothing等
① both用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时要用neither。如，
Both of us are not teachers.我们两不都是老师。（部分否定，表示一个是老师，一个不是）
Neither of us is a teacher. 我们两个都不是老师（全部否定）
② all用于否定句也是表示部分否定，表示全部否定时用none，no one或者no+名词。如：
All the ants don’t go out for food.=Not all the ants go out for food.不是所有的蚂蚁都外出觅食。（部分否定）
None of the ants goes out for food. 没有蚂蚁出去觅食。（全部否定）
No ants go out for food.(全部否定）
翻译下列句。
1. 并非所有的学生都喜欢上网。(not all ; be fond of )
________ _________ the students __________ _______ _______ surfing the Internet.
________ the students ________ _______ _________ ________ surfing the Internet.

7. Workers built shelters for survivors home had been destroyed.工人为房子已经被毁的幸存者建造避身所。

8. …..of no use没用的，无用的
of+抽象名词（value, use, help, importance, benefit, interest等）表示人或物的特征，等于其形容词形式：valuable, useful, helpful ,important, beneficial, interesting，而且这些名词前可用little, no, some, any, no, great, much等修饰（当用little和no修饰时表否定）。如：
His words are of no use=His words are useless.他说的话没用。
I find it of benefit to help others solve problems.= I find it beneficial to help others solve problems我发现帮助别人解决问题是有好处的。

9. As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty years ago.正如你所知道的，这是30年前地震发生的日子。
As you know是as引导的非限制定语从句。as可作关系代词引导非限制定语从句，表示说话人的看法，依据，态度等，常翻译为“正如…那样”。as引导的非限制定语从句可以放句首、句中和句末。
类似的结构还有：
as we (all) know=as is known to us/all正如大家都知道的那样；
as we expected=as is expected正如所期待的那样；
as is said before正如之前说的那样；
as is reported正如被报道的那样；
as you/we can see正如你/你们/我们所看到的那样等
如：As is reported, Kaka is going to transfer to Orlando City.正如报道说的那样，卡卡即将转会到奥兰多城俱乐部。

课堂综合练习
1．One minute she burst into ________，and the next she burst out ________.We just couldn’t catch her mood at any moment.
A．crying；laughter B．tears；laughing
C．tears；laughter D．crying；laughing
2．______ people who ______ killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
A．The number of；was
B．a number of；was
C．The number of；were
D．A number of；were
3．Three－fourths of the homework ______ today.
A．has finished B．has been finished
C．have finished D．have been finished
4．That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
5. He was so ________ thought that he didn’t see the tree on the road and ran into it.
A．buried in B．careful with C．busy with D．serious about
6．The pany had about 20 notebook puters but only one－third ______ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
7．The boy still remembers the accident exactly as if it ________yesterday.
A．was happening B．happens
C．has happened D．happened
8．My cousin came to see me from the country，________ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A．brought B．bringing C．to bring D．had brought
9.When he learned that his brother had returned from abroad, he set off to his home _____. Which of the following is not OK?
A. immediately B. right away C. right then D. right now
10. We don’t need to do extra work this evening. The day’s work was almost ______ now.
A. at the end  B. at an end   C. at one end    D. at our end

五．语法
定语从句（Ⅰ）：关系代词引导的定语从句；介词+whom/which引导的定语从句
定语从句指在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的代词或名词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
Merlin is a young man.（形容词young作定语） Mer