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一轮复习高中英语基本构词法及练习题(无答案)
英语构词法中得派生法
派生法 :在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反得新词叫作派生法、
一、 前缀 前缀一般改变单词得意义,不改变词性(除少数前缀外); 后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义得变化、
(1) 表示否定意义得前缀常用得有: dis—, il-, im-, in-, ir—, mis-, non—, un- 。
disable ﻩﻩdisadvantage ﻩdisagree ﻩﻩdisappear
disapprove discloseﻩﻩﻩdiscolourﻩ disconnectﻩ
discontinuous ﻩdiscontinueﻩ discountﻩﻩﻩdiscourageﻩ
disorder
illegal ﻩ impossibleﻩﻩinaccurateﻩ inactive inadaptable ﻩ inapplicable ﻩinconstantﻩ inconvenientﻩﻩincredible incurable ﻩ independentﻩ ineffectiveﻩ ﻩinformalﻩ invisibleﻩ irregular ﻩirremovableﻩ irrespective ﻩ irresponsible ﻩ
misfortuneﻩﻩ misguideﻩﻩﻩmidinterpret mislead ﻩﻩ misread ﻩ mistrustﻩﻩ misunderstandﻩ misuse ﻩ
nonmetal ﻩﻩnoncooperation noninvolvementﻩ
unable ﻩ unacceptable unaware ﻩunbalance
unbreakableﻩ uncertainﻩ ﻩunchangeable
unfortableﻩﻩundecidedﻩ unemployedﻩ
undetermined undeveloped unearth ﻩuneconomical
unfold unpackﻩ untieﻩﻩﻩ
(2) 表示其她意义得前缀常用得有:
a、前缀 anti
anti-fascistﻩﻩ anti—gasﻩﻩﻩanti—imperialist
anti-Japanese Warﻩ
b、前缀 auto
autobiographyﻩ autography
c、前缀 bi-
bicentury ﻩﻩ bilingualﻩ ﻩ
d、前缀 co
co-operation coauthorﻩ ﻩcoheir
e、前缀de
deformﻩﻩﻩ degrade devalue
f、前缀 en- em
enableﻩ ﻩencourage endanger ﻩ
enlargeﻩﻩﻩenrich ﻩﻩ embitter ﻩﻩ
g。 前缀 ex
ex—soldierﻩﻩ ex-girlfriend ex—wife
h。前缀 mid-
middayﻩﻩ midnightﻩ midterm ﻩmid-aged ﻩ
i. 前缀 multi-
multiform multilingualﻩ multimediaﻩ multipurposeﻩ
j、 21、 前缀 over-
overcrowded overworkﻩﻩ overload overproduce
overlookﻩﻩ overe
k、 22。前缀 pre-
prewarﻩﻩﻩprehistoric prepay ﻩ precondition
l。前缀 re—
rewrite reviewﻩﻩﻩ recycleﻩ
m。前缀 vice-
vice-chairman ﻩ vice—governorﻩ vice-premier ﻩvice-presidentﻩ
二、 后缀 后缀通常会改变单词得词性,构成意义相近得其她词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反得新词、
(1) 构成名词得后缀常用得有:
a、后缀 -age,构成抽象名词
marriage ﻩ percentage shortage ﻩ storageﻩ ﻩ
b、后缀 al- 构成抽象名词
arrival refusal ﻩ approvalﻩ survivalﻩ ﻩ
proposal ﻩ removal
c。后缀 –an , —ian “人” 从事……职业者”,构成名词。
Italian librarian ﻩ magicianﻩﻩﻩ vegetarian
musicianﻩ politician ﻩ technician
d、后缀 —ance,—ence,构成名词、
appearance allowanceﻩ existence ﻩpresence
performance ﻩignorance influenceﻩﻩ intelligenceﻩ
evidence ﻩﻩdiligence ﻩ guidanceﻩ
preferenceﻩﻩsignificance
e、后缀 -dom 构成名词
kingdomﻩﻩﻩfreedom ﻩ
f、后缀 -ee, -eer, —er,-or,构成表人得名词
beginnerﻩﻩ petitor conductor ﻩdirectorﻩﻩﻩemployeeﻩ
engineerﻩ ﻩexaminee interviewee
tailor ﻩvolunteer ﻩ
g。后缀 -ess 构成表“雌性”得名词
actressﻩ goddessﻩ hostess ﻩﻩwaitress
h、后缀 -ful 构成表“容量单位”名词
a basketful ofﻩ a handfulﻩ of ﻩ mouthfulﻩ spoonfulﻩﻩﻩ
i、后缀 —ics 构成学科名词:
gymnasticsﻩﻩphysicsﻩ politics mathematicsﻩﻩ
j、后缀 -ism ,构成名词
Buddhism extremism imperialism terrorism
patriotism socialismﻩ ﻩtourism ﻩ
k、后缀-ist 构成名词。
bioiogist chemistﻩﻩ economist ﻩspecialistﻩ
extremist ﻩ geologist ﻩ physicistﻩﻩ
l。 后缀 —ment 构成抽象名词
advertisement ﻩagreement amusement ﻩappointment ﻩargument
arrangementﻩﻩdevelopment embarrassmentﻩ equipment ﻩ
establishmentﻩ improvementﻩ judgment requirementﻩ treatment
m。后缀 -ness 构成抽象名词:
coolnessﻩ correctness ﻩ dampnessﻩ ﻩ
m。 后缀 —sion 构成抽象名词:
aggressionﻩﻩparison ﻩconclusionﻩ expressionﻩ invasion
permissionﻩ tensionﻩﻩﻩ
n、 后缀 -th 构成抽象名词
birthﻩﻩﻩdepthﻩ lengthﻩﻩ strengthﻩ ﻩwarmthﻩ
width youthﻩ ﻩ
0。 后缀-tion 构成动作名词或抽象名词
application celebration classification ﻩ creationﻩ ﻩ
congratulationﻩ consideration consolidation descriptionﻩ
p。后缀 –ure,构成抽象名词
failure ﻩﻩmixtureﻩ
q、 以-ity或ty结尾,构成抽象名词
ability ﻩ curiosityﻩﻩelectricity ﻩequalityﻩﻩﻩ
identity ﻩ majority prosperity society ﻩﻩ
(2) 构成动词得后缀常用得有:
a、 后缀 —en ,形容词后得-en,构成及物动词。名词后得-en 构成形容词
brightenﻩﻩ deepen ﻩﻩflattenﻩ frighten ﻩ loosen ﻩ
sharpenﻩﻩ strengthen widen
woodenﻩﻩ woolen ﻩﻩ
b。后缀 –ize,构成及物动词
apologize analyse ﻩcategorize
organize ﻩ realize ﻩﻩ
(3) 构成形容词得后缀常用得有:
a、后缀 —able
acceptable adjustable admirable avoidableﻩﻩ
unbelievableﻩ parable ﻩ endurableﻩ ﻩincredibleﻩ
reasonable recycleable respectable ﻩ
valuableﻩ ﻩvisibleﻩ
b、后缀 –al 构成形容词
environmental ﻩ grammatical natural ﻩoccasional
original ﻩ operational personalﻩ politicalﻩﻩﻩ
practicalﻩﻩ professional traditionalﻩﻩ universalﻩ
c、后缀—ant/-ent,构成形容词
distant ﻩ importantﻩ ﻩ patient ﻩconvenient
permanent ﻩ urgentﻩ ﻩﻩ violent
servant ﻩ
d、后缀 -ed 构成形容词:
astonished ﻩdelighted ﻩ experiencedﻩﻩ learnedﻩﻩﻩ
skilledﻩ united
e。后缀 —ful,构成形容词
careful ﻩdoubtfulﻩﻩ dreadfulﻩﻩﻩregretful resourcefulﻩ
forgetfulﻩ ﻩfrightful ﻩﻩhopefulﻩﻩﻩrespectfulﻩ tearfulﻩ
f、 后缀 –ic, 构成形容词
basic ﻩ economic ﻩ enthusiasticﻩ electricﻩﻩﻩenergetic
heroic historic systematicﻩﻩ
g、 后缀 –ing 构成名词或形容词
amusing astonishingﻩ ﻩflaming greetingﻩ
misunderstanding promising satisfying suffering training ﻩ
h、 后缀 -ish 构成形容词:
feverish foolishﻩ SwedishﻩﻩﻩSpanishﻩﻩ
i。 后缀 –ive,构成形容词
aggressive ﻩ attractive ﻩ instructive
persuasiveﻩ predictive ﻩ
j、后缀 –less,构成否定形容词
carelessﻩ hopelessﻩ helplessﻩﻩ
k、后缀 -ly 构成得形容
costlyﻩﻩ dailyﻩ ﻩfriendly ﻩlively ﻩlonely lovelyﻩ
l、 后缀 –ous 或 -ious 构成形容词:
adventurousﻩ ambitious consciousﻩ
envious ﻩ humorous ﻩ industriousﻩ
mountainous religious ﻩ various ﻩ
m。后缀-y 构成得形容词或名词
bloody ﻩ bravery ﻩdifficulty honestyﻩicy ﻩloyalty ﻩ
(4) 构成副词得常用后缀有:
a。后缀-ly或–ingly 构成得副词
accurately constantlyﻩ effectivelyﻩ
frequently generally ﻩ indirectly ﻩ
三、经典例题
2、 The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai。
A。 dieﻩ B。 dead ﻩ C。 died D、 death
5、The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child。 He may fall off、
A、 legging ﻩ B。 leggedﻩﻩ C。 legsﻩﻩ D、 leged
7、When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates、
A、 proud ﻩ B。 proudlyﻩﻩﻩC、 pride ﻩ ﻩD、 pridely
8。To everyone's ________,the girl finished the job quite well、
A、 satisfied ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩB。 satisfactory
C。 satisfyingﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩD。 satisfaction
10、 No one should enter the spot without the________of the police、
A。 permitﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩB、 permission
C、 permittingﻩﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩD、 permittence
四、专项训练
1、 You must e with us to the police ________、Our head is waiting for you。
A、 headquarters ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩB、 headline
C。 headmaster ﻩﻩ ﻩ D、 headache
2。Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________。
A、 intend ﻩﻩ ﻩ B。 intention
C、 intentionally ﻩ D、 intentional
3、 The shop owner weled all the guests with a________smile、
A、 practiceﻩﻩ ﻩ B、 practise
C、 practicalﻩ ﻩ D。 practiced
4。 My TV is out of order。 Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?
A。 lately ﻩﻩﻩ B、 latest
C、 later ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩﻩD、 latter
5、 The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________。
A。 longerﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩ B。 length
C、 longﻩ ﻩﻩ D、 longing
6、To my ________,I passed the exam easily。
A。 joyﻩ ﻩ ﻩB、 joyful
C、 joyless ﻩ D、 joyness
7、 Canada is mainly an________country、
A、 English-speaking ﻩB。 speak-English
C、 spoken—Englishﻩﻩ ﻩD、 English-spoken
8。 The necklace that she lost is very expensive、 It's of great ________、
A、 valuableﻩ ﻩ ﻩ B、 value
C。 valueless D。 unvaluable
9、The letter “b” in the word “doubt" is________。
A、 sound ﻩﻩ ﻩ B。 silent
C、 silenceﻩ ﻩ ﻩﻩ D、 sounded
10。 What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue、
A、 reasonableﻩ ﻩﻩ B、 reasonful
C、 reasonless ﻩ ﻩﻩ D。 unreason
11、 We have to learn ________technology from other countries、
A。 advanceﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩB、 advancing
C。 advantage ﻩ ﻩ D、 advanced
12。You'd better give up smoking if you want to keep ________、
A、 health ﻩ ﻩﻩ B、 healthy
C、 healthily ﻩ ﻩ D、 healthier
13。________ speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose、
A、 Honestly B、 Honestﻩ C、 Honestyﻩ ﻩD、 Dishonest
五、课堂总结
1、否定前缀、其她前缀
2、名词、形容词、副词、动词常用后缀。
六、课后作业
一、请用括号里给出得词汇得正确形式填空。
1、 I wrote him a letter to show my___(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness、
2、 The first tomb was built at the___(begin) of the 15th century。
3、 Painting is a ___(create) process、
4、 For our homework tonight, we have to write a ___(describe) of the street where we live。
5。 The ___ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich、
6、 I’d just like to ___ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language、
7、 My grandfather is as___(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all。
8、 The first lesson was very___(enjoy)---I like it a lot!
9、 These discoveries proved the___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200。000 years ago。
10。 A smile is the universal___(face) expression—--it is intended to put people at ease。
11、 Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being___(fashion)。 14。 The accused man proved his___(innocent) of the crime。
12。 The government’s new scheme is designed to help the___(job)、
13、 The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from___(lonely)、
14。 How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a ___(million)、
15、 They had the ___(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm。
16。 21、 He lives in a ___(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient。 17。 I am so full that I couldn’t ear another ___(mouth)、
18、 We must pay special attention to the___(mystery) stranger。
19、 Try to act___(nature), even if you are tense、
20、 After the race, I felt my heart beating___(violence)
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