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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,新目标八年级英语上册语法复习,1)leave使用方法,1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。比如：,When did you leave Shanghai?,你什么时候离开上海？,2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。比如：,Next Friday,Alice is leaving for London.,下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。,3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。比如：,Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?,你为何要离开上海去北京,？,第1页,2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用,should作为情态动词用，经常表示意外、惊奇、不能了解等，有“竟会”意思，比如：,How should I know?我怎么知道？,Why should you be so late today?你今天为何来得这么晚？,should有时表示应该做或发生事，比如：,We should help each other.我们应该,相互帮助。,我们在使用时要注意以下几点：,第2页,1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”概念。此时常指长辈教诲或责备晚辈。,比如：,You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗洁净了再来。,2.用于提出意见劝导他人。,比如：,You should go to the doctor ifyou feel ill.,假如你感觉不舒适，你最好去看医生。,3.用于表示可能性。should这一使用方法是考试中经常出现考点之一。,比如：,We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。,She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。,第3页,3)What.?与Which.?,1.what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都能够指人或事物，不过what仅用来问询,职业。如：,What is your father?你父亲是干什么？,该句相当于：,What does your father do?,What is your fathers job?,Which 指代是特定范围内某一个人。如：,-Which is Peter?哪个是皮特？,-The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后那个男孩。,第4页,2.What.?是泛指，所指事物没有范围限制；而 Which.?是特指，,所指事物有范围限制。如：,What color do you like best?（全部颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？,Which color do you like best,blue,green or yellow?,你最喜爱哪一个颜色？（有特定范围）,3.what 与 which 后都能够接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：,Which pictures are from China?哪些图片来自中国？,第5页,4)频度副词位置,1.常见频度副词有以下这些：,always（总是，一直）usually（通常）often（经常，经常）,sometimes（有时候）never（从不）,2.频度副词位置：,a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：,David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。,b.放在行为动词前。如：,We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.,我们天天经常在7：10去上学。,第6页,c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：,Sometimes I walk home,sometime I ride a bike.,有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。,3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：,Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。,第7页,5)everyday与everyday,1.every day作状语，译为“每一天”。如：,We go to school at 7:10 every day.,我们天天7：10去上学。,I decide to read English every day.,我决定天天读英语。,2.everyday 作定语，译为“日常”。,She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.,她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。,第8页,Whats your everyday activity?你日常活动是什么？,6)什么是助动词,1.帮助主要动词组成谓语动词词组词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被帮助,动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词本身没有词义，不可单独使用，,比如：He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）2.助动词帮助主要动词完成以下功用，可,以用来：,第9页,a.表示时态，比如：He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b.表示语态，比如：He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c.组成疑问句，比如：Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here?,你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d.是否定副词not适用，组成否定句，比如：I dont like him.我不喜欢他。,第10页,e.加强语气，比如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.他确实知道那件事。,3.最惯用助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would,7)forgetdoing/todo与rememberdoing/todo,1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做)；forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯动作),第11页,He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)经典例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh，I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off,C.to turn it off D.having turned it off答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯动作没有发生，,所以用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而,自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。,第12页,2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做)；,remember doing记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.,记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?,你不记得以前见过那个人吗?,8)Itsforsb.和Itsofsb.,1.for sb.惯用于表示事物特征特点，表示客观形式形容词，如：,easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：,Its very hard for him to study two languages.,对他来说学两门外语是极难。,第13页,2.Its+形容词 of sb句型普通用表示人物性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度形容词，,如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。,Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。3.for 与of 区分方法：,用介词后面代词作主语，用介词前边形容词作表语，造个句子。假如道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)He is hard.(人是困难，不通，所以应用for。),第14页,新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消趋势，现在采取作,法是对一个句子进行自由提问。比如：,9)对两个句子提问,句子：The boy in blue has three pens.,提问：1.Who has three pens?,2.Which boy has three pens?,3.What does the boy in blue have?,4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?,很显然，学生多了更多回答角度，也表达了考试灵活性。再如：,句子：He usually goes to the park with,his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.,第15页,提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?,2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?,3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?,4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?,5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on,Sunday?,6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?,第16页,10)so、such与不定冠词使用,1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：,He is so funny a boy.,Jim has so big a house.,2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：,It is such a nice day.,That was such an interesting story.,第17页,11)使用-ing分词几个情况,1.在进行时态中。如：,He is watching TV in the room.,They were dancing at nine oclock last night.,2.在there be结构中。如：,There is a boy swimming in the river.,3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：,We have fun learning English this term.,They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.,第18页,4.在介词后面。如：,Thanks for helping me.,Are you good at playing basketball？,5.在以下结构中：,enjoy doing sth乐于做某事,finish doing sth 完成做某事,feel like doing sth 想要做某事,stop doing sth停顿做某事,forget doing sth忘记做过某事,go on doing sth 继续做某事,remember doing sth记得做过某事,like doing sth喜欢做某事,第19页,keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事,find sb doing sth发觉某人做某事,see/hear/watch sb doing sth,看到/听到/观看某人做某事,try doing sth试图做某事,need doing sth需要做某事,prefer doing sth宁愿做某事,mind doing sth介意做某事,miss doing sth错过做某事practice doing sth练习做某,be busy doing sth忙于做某事,cant help doing sth禁不住做某事,第20页,12)英语中“单数”,1.主语第三人称单数形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替。如：,he,she,it，my friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marys uncle,2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：,man（单数）-men（复数）banana（单数）-bananas（复数）,3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：,go-goes-going-went-gone,work-works-working-worked-worked,第21页,watch-watches-watching-watched-watched,当主语为第三人称单数时候，谓语动词必须用对应第三人称单数形式。,如：,The boy wants to be a sales assistant.,Our English teacher is from the US.,Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.,13)名词复数组成几个形式,名词复数组成可分为规则改变和不规则改变两种。,I 名词复数规则改变,1.普通在名词词尾加-s。如：,第22页,pear-pearshamburger-hamburgers,desk-deskstree-trees,2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾名词，词尾加-es。如：,class-classesdish-dishes,watch-watchesbox-boxes,3.以字母-o结尾一些名词，词尾加-es。如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes,Negro-Negroeshero-heroes,4.以辅音字母加-y结尾名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如：,family-familiesdictionary-dictionaries,city-citiescountry-countries,第23页,5.以字母-f或-fe结尾名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如：,half-halvesleaf-leaves,thief-thievesknife-knivesself-selveswife-wives,life-lives wolf-wolves,shelf-shelvesloaf-loaves,不过：scarf-scarves(fes)roof-roofs,serf-serfs chief-chiefs,第24页,II 名词复数不规则改变,1.将-oo改为-ee。如：,foot-feettooth-teeth,2.将-man改为-men。如：,man-menwoman-women,policeman-policemenpostman-postmen,3.添加词尾。如：,child-children,4.单复数同形。如：,sheep-sheepdeer-deer,fish-fishpeople-people,5.表示“某国人”单、复数改变。,第25页,即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如：,Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss,Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen,American-Americans Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians Korean-Koreans,Russian-Russians Indian-Indians6.其它。如：,mouse-mice,apple tree-apple trees,man teacher-men teachers,第26页,14)双写最终一个字母-ing分词,初中阶段常见有以下这些：,1.letletting让 hithitting打、撞,cutcutting切、割 getgetting取、得到,sitsitting坐 forgetforgetting 忘记,putputting放 setsetting设置,babysitbabysitting 暂时受雇照料婴儿,2.shopshopping购物 trip tripping绊,stopstopping停顿 dropdropping放弃,3.traveltravel(l)ing旅游,swimswimming游泳 runrunning跑步,digdigging挖、掘 beginbeginning开始,preferpreferring宁 planplanning计划,第27页,15)必定句变否定句及疑问句要改变一些词,1.some变为any。如：,There are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree.,不过，若在表示请邀请、请求句子中，some能够不变。如：,Would you like some orange juic与此相关一些不定代词如something,somebody等也要进行对应改变。,2.and变为or。如：,I have a knife and a ruler.I dont have a knife or a ruler.,第28页,3.a lot of(=lots of)变为many或much。如：,They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）They dont have many friends.,There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）,There isnt much orange in the bottle.,4.already变为yet。如：,I have been there already.I havent been there yet.,16)in与after,in 与 after 都能够表示时间，但二者有所区分。,1.in 经惯用于未来时句子中，以现在为起点，表示未来一段时间。如：,第29页,He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。,2.after 经惯用于过去时句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：,He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。,不过，假如after后跟是详细时刻，它也可用于未来时。如：,We will finish the work after ten oclock.十点后我们会完成工作。,第30页,3.注意区分以下in使用方法。,Ill visit him in a week.一周后我会去造访他。,Ill visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去造访他两次。,17)不定冠词a与an使用,1.a 用在以辅音音素开头单词前。如：,There is a b in the word book.单词book中有个字母b。,类似字母还有：c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,z。,She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。,第31页,2.an 用于以元音音素开头单词前。如：,There is an i in the word onion.单词onion中有个字母i。,类似字母还有：a,e,f,h,l,m,n,o,r,s,x。,Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨伞吗？,3.以元音字母开头单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头单词前面也不一定都用a.如：,a useful book a universe,a one-letter word an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person,第32页,18)怎样表示英语中“穿、戴”？,英语中表示“穿、戴”表示方法有好几个，常见有以下这些：,1、put on 主要表示“穿”动作。如：,He put on his coat.他穿上了他外套。,Youd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你鞋子。,2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”状态。如：,The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。,The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色短裙,第33页,3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给.穿衣”意思，后接“人”，而不是,“衣服”。如：,Please dress the children right now.请马上给孩子们穿上衣服。,dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着习惯。如：,The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色衣服。,第34页,4、be in 表示穿着状态。如：,John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色衣服。The man in black is a football coach.,19)alittle,afew与abit(of),a little,a few 与 a bit(of)都有“一些、少许”意义。他们区分:,1.a little意为“一些、少许”，后接不可数名词。如：,There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一点水。,还能够接形容词。如：,He is a little shy.他有些害羞。,第35页,2.a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数可数名词。如：,There are a few people in the room.房间里有一些人。,3.a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：,Its a bit cold.有点冷。,a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：,He has a bit of money.他有一点儿钱。,第36页,4.a little和a few表必定意义，little和few表否定意义；如：,There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一点儿汽水。,There is little soda in the glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了。I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中国朋友。,Few people like him.几乎没有些人喜欢他。,5.a little=a bit of,后接不可数名词；,a little=a bit=a little bit=kind of,后接形容词，意为“有,点儿”。,第37页,20)关于like使用方法,like 能够作动词，也能够作介词。,1、like 作动词，表示普通性“兴趣、喜欢”，有泛指含义。如：,Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗？,like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也词-ing分词（like doing,sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：,She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）,She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（日常不喜欢吃）,ike 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气请求。如：,Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗,第38页,“喜欢某人做某事”能够用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如：,They all like me to sing/singing English songs.,他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。,2、like 作介词，可译成“像.”。如：,She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。,It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。,3、区分以下句子：,A.What does he look like?他长相怎样？(指一个人外貌特征),第39页,B.What is he like?他人怎么样？(指人性格特点),C.The boy like Peter is over there.(句指外貌相同),D.A boy like Peter cant do it.(指性格相同),21)stoptodosth与stopdoingsth,1.stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如：,The students stop to listen to their teacher.,学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。,第40页,2.stop doing sth 意为“停顿做某事”。如：,The students stopped talking.学生们停顿了谈话。,与它们相反句式是：go on to do sth“继续做某事（与刚才一事不一样）”,和 go on doing sth“继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：,He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.,他完成了作业，接着继续去念英语。,They went on playing games.他们继续玩游戏。,第41页,22)tell,speak,say与talk,1.tell 意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给他人或讲,述一件事。如：,He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.,他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。,Father always tells interesting stories to us.,父亲总是给我们讲有趣故事。,tell sb sth 意为“通知某人某事”。如：,He told me something about his past.他告诉我一些他往事,第42页,tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如：,David told his son to do the homework.大卫要他儿子去做作业。,2.speak 意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。如：,He can speak English and a little Chinese.,他能讲英语和一点汉语。,speak to 意为“和.讲话、谈话”。如：,Can I speak to Mr Zhang?我能和张先生讲话吗？,speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如：,第43页,The book speaks of my hometown.那本书提到我故乡。,3.talk 意为“谈话、讲话”，假如只有一方对另一方说话时，普通用 talk to；,假如双方或多方交谈，多用 with。如：,Please talk to him right now.请马上同他谈话。,He is talking with his friend.他在和朋友交谈。,talk about 意为“谈论.”。如：,They are talking about the movie.他们在谈论那部电影。,第44页,have a talk with 意为“与.交谈”。如：,Can I have a talk with you?我能够和你交谈吗？,say to 意为“对.说”。如：,He said to his students that they would have a test.,他对他学生说他们将有一个测试。,It is said that.意为“听说”。如：,It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.,听说他能呆在水里很长时间。,第45页,23)Excuseme!与Imsorry!,1.Excuse me!意为“打搅了！对不起！”，普通是为了与陌生人搭话，或者要打断对方所说（做）事。如：,Excuse me,is there a hotel in the neighborhood?,请问，附近有旅馆吗？,Excuse me,could I say something?打搅一下，我能说一些吗？,2.Im sorry!意为“对不起！”，表示道歉。如：,Im sorry,Mr Zhang.I wont do it again.,对不起，张先生。我不会这么做了。,第46页,24)表示时间in、on与at,in,on 与 at 都能够和表示时间词（组）连用。,1.in 表示时间一段或较长时间。如：,in the morning在早晨 in May,在年五月,in a week在一周之内（后）,Its Sunday,I can finish it in two days.,现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）,Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是在一天内建起来。,第47页,24)表示时间in、on与at,in,on 与 at 都能够和表示时间词（组）连用。,1.in 表示时间一段或较长时间。如：,in the morning在早晨 in May,在年五月,in a week在一周之内（后）,Its Sunday,I can finish it in two days.,现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）,Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是在一天内建起来。,第48页,2.on 主要指在详细一天。如：,on Sunday在星期天 on May Day在“五一”节,on a hot afternoon在一个酷热下午,He arrived in Beijing on April 26,.,他于年4月26日抵达北京。,3.at 表示时间一点或比较短时间。如：,at 8:00在八点 at noon在中午,I always get up at 6:00 every morning.我总是天天早晨六点起床。,Its always warm at this time of year.每年这个时候总是暖和。,第49页,25)Other及其使用方法,Other 及其相近词（组），如 others,the other,the others,another,any other 等，一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰问题，日常考试、作业中经,常犯错。下面是它们一些使用方法：,1、other 指其余人或物，全部格是 others，复数形式是 others;the other,第50页,指“两个人或物中另一个”，其复数形式是 the others;others相当于“other+名词”，所以不能充当定语，修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩下部分，但不是全部，即 some.others（一些.其余人.）;the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩下全部，即some.the others.,第51页,2、another泛指三个以上不定数目中“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合,并组成，所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词，比如：another pencil.,3、any other 指除去本身以外“任何其它人或物”，后面要用名词单,数形式。,26)look短语,常见look短语有以下这些：,1.look at 朝.看(look at=have a look at),Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。,第52页,2.look for 寻找,The old man is looking for his dog.老人在寻找他狗。,3.look like 看起来像,Nancy looks like her mother.南希看起来像她母亲。,4.look the same 看上去一样,Li Ping and Li Jing look the same.李萍和李晶看上去一样。,5.look up 查找,第53页,Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。,6.look over 仔细检验,The doctor looked over Mary carefully.医生仔细检验了玛丽。,7.look after 照料，照看,You must look after your old father.你必须照料你老父亲。8.look around 处处寻找、查看,We looked around,but we found nothing strange.,我们四处查看，不过我们没有发觉奇怪东西。,第54页,27)too，also与either,1.too用于必定句和疑问句，普通放在句尾，其前常加逗号。如：,We are in the same school,too.我们也在相同学校。,Do you play soccer every day,too?你也天天踢足球吗？,2.also用于必定句和疑问句，普通位于实义动词前、be动词后。如：,Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。,第55页,3.either用于否定句，普通放在句末。如：,They dont know the answer,either.她们也不知道答案。,4.as well as也有“也”意思。如：,We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.,He is a happy boy as well.,第56页,28)hard与hardly,1.hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。如：Its a hard(adj.)question.(=difficult)这是一个难问题。,The boy studies very hard(adv.).那男孩学习非常努力。,句子结构：Its hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难。如：,Its hard for him to finish the work.完成那项工作对他来说极难。,第57页,注意区分：hard work 困难工作,work hard 努力工作,3.hardly是频度副词，表示否定意思。（=almost not）通惯用在形容词、,副词和动词之前。如：I can hardly see it.我几乎看不到它。,29)sometime,sometimes,sometime与sometimes,记忆：sometimes(有时)some times(好几次)sometime(某一次)some time(一段),第58页,口诀：有s是有时，有时分开好几次，无s是某时，某时分开是一段。,1.sometime是时间副词，指不确定未来或过去某一点时间（某时候或任何,时候），不指一段时间。如：,Well go to Beijing sometime next month.,我们下个月某一时候会去北京。,2.sometimes是频度副词，指“有时”、“不时”意思（=at ti
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