英语完形填空基本解题技巧指导市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,基本解题技巧指导,完形填空,1,第1页,近年高考完形填空题型特点,1.以叙为主,叙议结合;,2.篇章短小,意义完整;,3.首句完整,主题明确;,4.结构清楚,层次分明;,5.考查语境,侧重辨析;,6.实词为主,虚词为辅;,7.逻辑推理,隐于语篇;,8.常识语法,每年出现。,2,第2页,四大要素,词汇,逻辑,语法,常识,一个主题,+,语境,3,第3页,完形填空解题步骤,1、通读全文，领会大意（2,3分钟）,2、逐句阅读，选出答案（6,7分钟）,3、猜测难点、整体复查（2,3分钟）,4,第4页,1、通读全文，领会大意（23分钟）,跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。,先跳过空格，通读试题所给要完形填空短文，取得整体印象，做到搞清文脉、抓住主旨，很好地把握短文大意。,要在阅读了解短文意思基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。,5,第5页,2、逐句阅读，选出答案（67分钟）,在了解全文意思基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联络上、下文内容，注意从上、下文语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题提醒，,以词、句意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，依据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。注意：,动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。,对比较显著直接、自己最有把握答案先做，,一下子不能确定答案，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最终回过头来再集中精力处理难点。,这时可结合已确定答案选项再读一遍短文，伴随对短文了解深入，能够降低试题难度，提升选择正确率。,6,第6页,3.猜测难点、整体复查（23分钟）,复读全文、逐空验证、填补疏漏,。,完成各道题选择后，把所选答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表示法。如发觉错误答案或有疑问，应再次推敲、重复斟酌、做出修正,。,7,第7页,1.利用首句/首段信息解题,命题者往往经过文章首句或首段揭示文章主旨大意，表达文章题材、体裁，或提供一些导向性信息。这个首句或首段就是对整篇文章内容概括和总结。,同学们能够经过领悟首句或首段，把握文章主题和文章导向性（或作者态度倾向 性），从而在整体上把握文章内容。,合理利用六大技巧把握语境,8,第8页,【例1】（浙江）,The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone,and near its end,all the young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant.But what we actually saw simply,23,us all the rundown houses,the children in rags,the people begging for money The poverty(贫困)was,27,than anything my young companions had ever imagined.Back in the hotel,an air of sadness settled over the group.Many,28,and cried.Spending time in this,29,moves a person to care about humanity.27.A.stronger B.deeper C.worse D.less 28.A.gave up B.broke down C.set off D.held on,9,第9页,2.利用语境信息解题,近几年高考英语完形填空特点是重点考查语 境。所谓语境，就是文章上下文，包含文章语气一致性、意思连贯性、表述合理性、论证逻辑性等。另外，高考完形填空题型中，选项所给四个词词性和意义相同或相近。假如脱离语境或只看句子一部分，可能会有两个或两个以上答案；若放在整篇文章提供语境中，利用上下文提供各种信息综合分析，则只有一个最正确答案。,这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。,所以在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章结构层次和逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，从中选出最符合上下文语境答案。,10,第10页,(1)利用“前置信息”,【例2】（山东）Even though it was only October,my students were already whispering about Christmas plans.With each passing day everyone became more,36,waiting for the final school bell.Upon its,37,everyone would run for their coats and go home,everyone except David.36.A.anxious B.courageous,C.serious D.cautious37.A.warning B.ringing C.calling D.yelling,11,第11页,(2)利用“后置信息”,【例3】（全国）Stevenson,a Scotsman,had lived,37,for many years.In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a 38.With him were his American wife Fanny and his son 39.37.A.alone B.next door C.at home D.abroad,12,第12页,3.利用生活常识和文化背景知识解题,完形填空题选文为独立语篇，它以本身内容提供完整语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面知识。在做题时，若能主动调动自己生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以利用，必能轻松解题。,【例4】（北京）,He knew that his friends all had bicycles.It was,39,to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels.39.A.brave B.hard C.smart D.unfair,13,第13页,4.利用语法知识解题,解答本题型中个别考查语法知识题目，要注意词语在句中要符合词法、句法、结构、习惯等要求。这就要求我们,要分析句子结构，明确搭配关系，从惯使用方法、固定搭配知识等方面来考虑进行选择。,【例5】（浙江）,As I encouraged group members to focus on,39,they could do,a sense of determination,40,the previous sadness.Instead of despair,these young people began to feel a call to action.39.A.how B.where C.what D.when40.A.replaced B.changed C.covered D.improved,14,第14页,5.借助相关信息词解题,高考完形填空绝大多数题目标四个选项词性和意义相同或相近,单从本句看可能会有两个甚至更多答案，但有时在上下文中会有一些与选项意义紧密相连,同义词、近义词或反义词,等，能为确定正确选项提供依据。在解题过程中，同学们要充分利用这些信息词进行合理推测判断，从而选出最正确答案。,15,第15页,【例6】(陕西卷),A woman in her sixties lived alone,in her littlecottage with a pear tree at the door.,She spent all her time taking care of the tree.But,the children nearby drove her,21,by making fun,of her.They would climb her tree and then run away,with pears,22,“Aunty Misery”at her.,21.A.hopeless B.painful,C.dull D.crazy,22.A.calling B.shouting,C.announcing D.whispering,16,第16页,6.利用语篇标志语解题,语篇普通指比句子长语言单位，如句群、段 落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联络词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志语”。,如表示结构层次语篇标志语firstly,secondly,finally等；表示因果关系thus,therefore,so等，表示改变话题by the way；表示递进关系besides,whats more,further 等，表示转折关系but,while,on the other hand等 等。,做题时假如能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就能够快速理清文章脉络，搞清上下文关系。,【例7】（重庆）,Pepple often fall ill because of me.,36,they can hardly blame me;it is their own,37,.,36.A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Then,37.A.business B.responsibility C.excuse D.fault,17,第17页,1).,When I entered Berkeley,I hoped to earn a scholarship,The last hurdle(障碍)was the final.No matter what,48,I got,it wouldnt cancel three C-pluses.I might as well kiss the,49,goodbye.,I was speechless when my course grade arrived:A-plus.It was the only A-plus given.The next year I received my scholarship.Ive always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson:you alone must set your own standard of excellence.(北京卷),48.A.grade B.answer C.lesson D.comment,49.A.scholarship B.course C.degree D.subject,Exercises for you,18,第18页,2),.,Then I had to walk several blocks in,the increasingly heavy rain.When I finally,got to my office,I was,47,through,exhaust-,-ed and,48,.(山东卷),47).A.wet B.weak,C.sick D.hurt,48).A.ashamed B.discouraged,C.surprised D.puzzled,19,第19页,3),When I took the first exam,I was,38,to find,a 77,C-plus,on my test paper,39,English was,my best subject.I went to Professor Jayne,Who,listened to my arguments but remained,40,.,(北京卷),38.A.shocked B.worried,C.scared D.anxious,39.A.but B.so C.for D.or,40.A.unchanged B.unpleasant,C.unfriendly D.unmoved,20,第20页,4).,Jenna,a popular girl from Westwood,Middle School,had graduate first in her,class and was ready for new,16,in,high school.,17,high school was different.,(天津卷),16.A.processes B.decisions,C.challenges D.exercises,17.A.Therefore B.However,C.Otherwise D.Besides,21,第21页,5）,One evening,a passer-by asked to,23,for the night.,Seeing that he had an,24,face,she let him in and gave,him a nice,25,.The next morning the strangerOne,day another man,33,her door.This one did not look,trustworthy to her,34,she asked who he was,(陕西卷),23.A.stay B.live C.hide D.lie,24.A.interesting B.honest,C.anxious D.angry,25.A.gift B.kiss C.treat D.smile,33.A.stepped B.left for,C.stopped at D.walked around,34.A.so B.but C.although D.because,A,B,C,C,A,22,第22页,6).On the road of life,the help of strangers,can 37 our loads and lift our spirits,(重庆卷),37.A.move B.increasing,C.lighten D.carry,7).I 40 to be one of the people on the way to,work that morning.I went from subway line to,subway line to find that most(service)41,had stopped.(山东卷),40.A.used B.promised,C.deserved D.happened,23,第23页,8).,It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang.Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.,A.cooking B.making C.burning D.serving,Marl _ down and helped the boy pike up these articles.,A.fell B.sat C.lay D.knelt,Bob had made a“motherhood contract”declaring that,for 70 days this summer he would _ the care of theirfour children and all the housework.,A.stick to B.set about C.think about D.take over,.When it was 5:00 pm,I was ready to go home.I was,about to turn off my computer,49,I received an email,from Garth,my Director:,49.A.while B.when C.where D.after,B,D,D,B,24,第24页,9).she was competing against very talented girls,and she knew it would be 18 for her to be selected.,Two hours later,the 19 read a list of the girls for a,second tryout (天津卷),18.A.difficult B.easy C.boring D.interesting,19.A.editor B.boss C.candidate D.judge,10).I was a single parent of four small children,working,at a low-paid job.Money was always tight,but we had,a 36 over our heads,food on the table,clothes on our,backs,and if not a lot,always 37 ,(辽宁卷),36.A.roof B.hat C.sky D.star,37.A.little B.less C.enough D.more,25,第25页,巧解完形填空高分技巧,一、研究首尾找主题,二、上下联络寻信息,三、左顾右盼找搭配,四、思前想后觅逻辑,五、语境分析辨词义,六、集中精力破难题,七、回读检验补漏洞,26,第26页,备战完形填空能力必备,一、快速阅读能力,二、词汇辨析能力,三、词汇搭配了解能力,四、逻辑推断能力,五、利用常识能力,六、揣测作者意图能力,27,第27页,怎样提升能力技巧,一、提升阅读能力（速度、了解）,二、打好语法基础（固定搭配）,三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）,四、增加生活常识，培养广泛兴趣兴趣,五、多做多练，以提升实战能力,28,第28页,