41条技巧使你说英语再不Chinglish.doc

41条技巧使你说英语再不Chinglish

What's the difference: "Hopefully" vs. "I Hope"
Hopefully means “in a hopeful manner.” “I hope the boss lets us out early” and “Hopefully, the boss lets us out early” aren’t the same thing.
“但愿”的意思是“抱着希望的态度。”“我希望老板让我们早点走。”和“老板有希望让我们早点走。”不是同一回事。

What's the difference: "Importantly" vs. "Important"
More or most important is probably what you want. Only if you’re a pompous blowhard do you say things importantly.
你可能还是需要用“更重要”（more important）来表达你想要的意思。只有当你是一个浮夸的吹牛大王的时候你才会说一个东西是“importantly”。

What's the difference: "Their" vs. "His or her"
Everyone, everybody, and close cousin each are singular, so words that refer to them should also be singular. Or, since we all have our grammar hang-ups, you could just rephrase the sentence.
每个人，每个人的堂兄弟姐妹，都是单数。所以指代他们的词也应该是单数。或者。。。每个人都会遇到语法障碍，干脆把句子重写一遍好了。

What's the difference: "I" vs. "Me"
Between you and I sounds fancy, and therefore right, but don’t be so quick to be little Cookie Monster (“Me want cookies!”). In this case, me is correct because it’s the object of the preposition between.
“在你和我之间”（you and I）听起来很奇妙，很正确的，但别这么快就像小怪兽一样要饼干奖励。在这种情况下，用me才是对的，因为是中间是介词。

What's the difference: "Assessable" vs. "Accessible"
A library is wheelchair-accessible. Your house is assessable by the county that taxes it.
这间图书馆提供轮椅。（accessible可取得的）。对你的房子征税的政府可以对房子进行估价。（assesable可估价的）

What's the difference: "Badly" vs. "Bad"
Is your sense of touch physically impaired (almost never) or are you feeling some guilt after screwing up (almost always)? In the former, you feel badly; the latter, you feel bad.
你身体上能感觉到有物理损伤吗？（几乎从不）或者你在搞砸了事情之后觉得内疚（几乎总是这样）。前者，你感觉badly(严重受伤的)，后者，你感觉不好受（心理上）。

What's the difference: "Equally as" vs. "Equally"
The as isn’t necessary. “I speak Latin and pig Latin equally well.”
Equally后面的as并不必要。“我的拉丁文和儿童黑话（故意说错的拉丁文）说得一样好。”

What's the difference: "Because" vs. "That"
You never mean "the reason is because"; you mean "the reason is that." Why? The word reason implies because. Likewise, why say “the reason why” when you can say “the reason”?
你想说的从来不是“事情原因的原因是因为”，而是想说“原因是。。”为什么？因为“原因”这个词里就包括了“因为”的意思。同样，不要说“为什么这样做的原因”，直接说原因就好了。

What's the difference: "Lay" vs. "Lie"
This is another case where people think (wrongly) that a particular word sounds more “educated.” Lay and lie are not interchangeable. Lie doesn’t require an object: “I need to lie down.” But lay does: “I need to lay my head down.” Confusion kicks in because of the past tense of both verbs—lie becomes lay; lay becomes laid—but the usage stays the same.
这是另一种情况，人们觉得某个词说了之后听起来很有逼格。（其实却是错的）Lay和Lie不可以相互取代。Lie不需要一个物体：我要躺下了。但是lay需要：我要把头躺在。。上。在这两个动词都是过去时的时候容易出现困惑：lie的过去式是lay，lay的过去式是laid——但是使用方法保持不变。

What's the difference: "Lounge" vs. "Longue"
（两个词都是躺椅的意思）
Chaise lounge is actually incorrect, and people have been getting this wrong for at least a century. The proper phrase is French and translates as “long chair.”
“贵妃椅”这个词通常都是错的，但人们把这个词搞错了至少一个世纪。正确的词组应该是法语，翻译过来是“长椅”。

What's the difference: "ATM" vs. "ATM machine"
Using the phrases ATM machine (automated teller machine machine) or "PIN number" (personal identification number number) is redundant.
ATM机里已经包括了机器这个词（全称：自动出纳机）。同理“PIN number”也是多余的，因为全称是“个人识别号码”，其中已经包含了号码一词。

What's the difference: "Historical" vs. "Historic"
In short, historic means “significant” (“a historic election”). But if you intend “occurring in or relating to history,” go with historical (think “historical data” or “a historical link between the two world wars”). By the way, it’s never “an historic/historical event.” The vowel sound “a” should precede a consonant sound.
简而言之，historic的意思是“显著的”（比如“一个历史性的重大选举”）。但是，如果你打算表达“历史中出现或与历史相关”，那么使用historical。（“历史数据”或“两次世界大战之间的历史联系”）。顺便说一句，“an historic/historical event一个历史性/历史事件。”是错的。元音“a”的应先于辅音。

What's the difference: "That" vs. "Who"
A human is a “who.” Anything else (yes, including animals) is a “that.”
这个好懂。人就是“who”。其他的东西，包括动物，都用that。

What's the difference: "Could of" vs. "Could have"
This error pops up because of the similar pronunciations. But remember, every sentence needs a verb: “I could have written a better cover letter.”
突然出现这种错误，是因为二者的发音很相似。但是记住，每句话都要有个动词：“我本来应该把求职信写得更好的。”

What's the difference: "Most everyone" vs. "Everyone"
Make up your mind: If you truly mean “every person,” use just everyone. If not, say most people.
下定决心：如果你真的想说“每个人”，就用“everyone”。如果你想说大部分人，就用“most people”。没有most one这个说法。

What's the difference: "Nauseous" vs. "Nauseated"
In strict terms, nauseous means “to cause nausea” (as in “a hateful, nauseous person”); nauseated means “afflicted with nausea” (as in “I’m nauseated”).
严格来讲，nauseous意思是“让人恶心的”（如“可恶的，恶心的人”）; 而nauseated意思是“被恶心折磨”（如“我想吐”）。

What's the difference: "Very unique" vs. "Unique"
No need to say "very unique." Unique things and people are one of a kind, absolute.
没必要说“非常独特”。独特的事物和人都是独一无二的，也当然是独一无二的。

What's the difference: "Intensive purposes" vs. "Intents and purposes"
The right phrase to say is "intents and purposes," but even if you do get it right, you don’t need this expression. It’s just filler.
正确的词组应该是“intents and purposes”（目的和意图）。但即使你使用的是这种正确词组，也没必要非这么表达。这个词组只是填充文章用的。

What's the difference: "Literally laughed my head off" vs. "Laughed my head off"
“我的头真的笑掉了”和“我的头都快笑掉了”
Literally means “actually” and is best reserved for real events.
Literally意思是“实际上”，最好留给真的发生了的那些事情。

What's the difference: "Merge together" vs. "Merge"
The phrase "merge together" is redundant (as are combinations like absolute necessity, free gift, and a pair of twins—unless you mean two sets of twins, that is).
“融合在一起”这个词组是多余的（就像“绝对必要”“免费送的礼物”和“两个双胞胎”一样累赘——除非你意思是两对双胞胎）

What's the difference: "Orientate" vs. "Orient"
Orientate is a word, but it means “to face east.” “The tour was designed to orient new students.”
Orientate是一个词，意思是面向东方。而orient：“这次旅游是为了给新生指明道路”

What's the difference: "Off of" vs. "Off"
Skip "off of." Some words are perfectly fine on their own. “May I bounce an idea off you?”
跳过“off of.”有些词单独用就够了。如“我能对你说说我的想法吗？”

What's the difference: "Impact" vs. "Affect"
Impact shouldn’t be forced into service as a verb. No: “The decision impacts everyone.” Yes: “The decision affects everyone.”
Impact不应该被强迫成为动词。比如“这个决定影响（impact）了每个人”，而应该换成affect。

What's the difference: "In order to" vs. "To"
Skip "In order to." Some words are perfectly fine on their own.
跳过“In order to.”有些词单独用就够了。

What's the difference: "Comprised of" vs. "Comprises"
Comprises equals includes. You’d never say, “My grocery list includes of milk, eggs, and kiwis.” Same goes for comprises. (Use of with compose: “The sculpture is composed of wire hangers.”)
Comprise“由……组成”等同于“包括”include。你不会说“我的杂货清单里include牛奶鸡蛋和奇异果。”comprise 同理。（用compose的词组吧：这座雕塑是用金属衣架搭成的）

What's the difference: "Preventative" vs. "Preventive"
Grammar sovereign H. W. Fowler banned the long form ("preventative") almost a hundred years ago. So someone who is health conscious might seek preventive care; responsible homeowners might take preventive measures to keep their roof from leaking.
语法之王福勒大概一百千年就把（preventative）这个形式给禁止了。所以那些注重养生的人会去寻求预防性治疗preventive care，负责人的屋主也会采取预防性措施防止房顶塌斜。
What's the difference: "Infamous" vs. "Famous"
The rich and famous are widely known (and wealthy). But the rich and infamous have a reputation of the worst kind. Another way to look at it: Unless Aunt Donna’s chocolate chip cookies are notoriously evil and disgraceful, they are famous, not infamous.
荣华富贵这个词广为人知（wealthy有钱的也是）。但是rich and infamous这个词名声最差。你可以这么看这个问题：除非你认为多纳阿姨的巧克力饼干很邪恶很可耻——不然就用著名的famous这个词，而不是臭名昭著infamous。

What's the difference: "Evoke" vs. "Invoke"
A photograph evokes emotion; a joke evokes laughter—evoke means “to elicit or call forth.” Save invoke for when you mean “to call on a higher power, petition for support, or implement” (for example, “Allison invoked Robert Frost for her first assignment” or “The principal invoked the aid of the teachers”).
一张照片让人触景生情。一个笑话引人大笑——evoke的意思是“引起或唤起”。invoke的意思是“呼吁更高的权力，请愿支持或实施某事”（例如，“埃里森为完成她的第一个任务而调用罗伯特·弗罗斯特的力量”或“校长援引了教师的帮助”）。

What's the difference: "Denounce" vs. "Renounce"
The two may sound similar, but their meanings are distinct: Denounce is “to condemn publicly or accuse formally” (“The judge denounced the CEO for insider trading”), while renounce means “to give up or refuse to follow” (“The CEO renounced his not-guilty plea”).
两者听起来相似，但它们的含义是不同的：denounce是“公开谴责或正式指控”（“法官指责CEO内幕交易”），而renounce意味着“放弃或拒绝跟随”（“CEO放弃了他的无罪辩护”）。

What's the difference: "Uninterested" vs. "Disinterested"
Careful speakers who wish to convey a lack of bias want to use disinterested. Speakers who don’t care about such grammatical subtleties are uninterested.
想尽量传达无偏见观点的细心的人会用disinterested（无利害关系的、冷漠的）。不在乎这些语法的人会使用uninterested（不感兴趣的，但也有无利害关系的含义）。

What's the difference: "Myself" vs. "I"
Myself is notoriously misused for I or me, often because people are trying (too hard, it seems) to sound smarter (wrong: “My husband and myself have belonged to the country club for years”). Myself是出了名的被滥用的词，代替I或me出现，因为人们总是试图（然而太难）去听起来说话带着很睿智的感觉。（错误示范：“我的丈夫和我自己（myself）都加入这个乡村俱乐部很多年了”）。
Myself is a pronoun best reserved for reflexive uses (when an action is directed toward the subject: “For Christmas, I gave myself a gift”) or for emphasis (“I myself have done that many times”).
Myself是一个最佳的反身代名词（当一个行为是直接针对一个主语的：“圣诞节，我给自己送了一个礼物”）或表达强调的含义（“我自己已经做了很多次了”）。

What's the difference: "Former" vs. "Latter"
The difference is clear-cut, yet writers and speakers sometimes muff these two: Simply, former is the first of two; latter is the second. (And while we’re at it, formerly vs. formally: The former means “at an earlier time,” as in “Formerly the governor of California, Schwarzenegger …”; the latter means “by an established form or structure,” as in “The school is formally called the University of California at Los Angeles.”)
这两者的不同显而易见，但作家和演说家有时还是会失误：很简单，former前者是二者中的第一个，latter后者是两者中的第二。（提到这个，我们就顺便说一下foremerly和formally的区别。former意思是早前，比如“以前的加利福尼亚总督，斯瓦辛格…”；后者的意思是“一个既定的形式或结构”，如在“学校的正式称呼为加州大学洛杉矶分校”。

What's the difference: "Neither/either are" vs. "Neither/either is"
Both neither and either are singular pronouns and should take a singular verb. Confusion sets in when the verb appears far from its subject or when a plural object falls after it: “Turns out, neither of the usually mischievous dogs were [read: was] responsible for tearing up the pillows; the cat wast to blame.”
Neither和either都是单数的代词，所以应该接单数动词。混乱集中在动词离主体较远或者后面跟着一个复数的时候：“原来，这次不是那些往常最淘气的狗撕碎的枕头[这里应该用单数]，而是猫们捣的鬼。”

What's the difference: "Mute" vs. "Moot"
Moot's most common meaning is “deprived of practical significance.” Mute means silent. So while they might want to be mute about a moot point, careful speakers will be vocal about the difference.
Moot最常用的意思是“失去了实际意义”。mute意味着沉默。因此，他们面对moot的事情很可能想mute（不说话）（导致这两个词感觉起来差不多）。不过认真的说话者能说出这两者的区别。

What's the difference: "Fall between" vs. "Fall through"
Logically speaking, you can’t fall between an opening; you fall into or through it. As such, don’t let logic fall through the cracks when you use this idiom.
从逻辑上讲，你不能落在一个开口之间，你会只进入或通过它。这样，当你使用这个短语时，不要让逻辑从裂缝中掉下来（也就是fall through是对的）（但fall between也有其正确使用情况）。

What's the difference: "Just desserts" vs. "Just deserts"
When you want someone to get what he deserves, you hope he reaps his just deserts. But on her birthday, a particularly well-behaved three-year-old might be allowed in just desserts.
当你想要别人罪有应得，你希望他收获desert（惩罚）。但在她生日那天，一个特别乖巧的三岁小孩想吃的可能只是dessert（甜点）。

What's the difference: "So-called 'good grammar'" vs. "So-called good grammar"
So-called introduces a term as falsely, improperly, or commonly referred to as something. So by default, it covers the need for quotation marks (or a speaker’s air quotes).
So-called后面会介绍一个词，通常是被错误地、不恰当地或者习惯性地使用了的词汇。所以so-called已经默认含有引用和介绍的意味，因此也不需要在后面加引号（或者说话者在谈话中也不需要示意“引用”的意思。）

What's the difference: "Modern-day" vs. "Modern"
Quite simply, modern covers it. Modern-day is a redundant term. Modern speakers will sound smarter by using the superior word.
很简单，modern（现代的）已经包含了所有意思。modern-day是多余的词汇。现代的说话者如果用modern这个不冗余的词汇会显得很机敏。

What's the difference: "Exorbitant" vs. "Exuberant"
While both mean “extreme,” the terms are often confused in relation to money. Exuberant refers to unrestrained enthusiasm or flamboyance; exorbitant means “exceeding an appropriate amount.” Another way to look at it: Exuberant use of a credit card leads to an exorbitant bill down the road.
虽然这两个词的意思都是“极端”，但与金钱有关的术语往往是混乱的。Exuberant意思是过于热情或浮华不受控制；exorbitant意味着“超过适宜量”。另一种方式来理解它：Exuberant（疯狂）使用信用卡会导致exorbitant（过高）的还款账单金额。

What's the difference: "Come" vs. "Go"
Come refers to movement toward the speaker (Henri says, “Come to Paris!”); go denotes the opposite (After you’ve stayed two months, Henri says, “You should go”). But idiomatic use sometimes clouds this rule, as “I’ll come over” is more comprehensible than “I’ll go over.”
Come意思是朝向说话者的动作。（亨利说，来巴黎吧！）go表示相反的方向。（在你呆了两个月之后，亨利说，你应该走了。）但是惯用语有时候会弄得我们云里雾里，因为“I’ll come over”(我马上来)比“I‘ll go over”好懂得多。

What's the difference: "Jealous" vs. "Envious"
Great grammarian Bryan Garner reminds us that “jealousy connotes feelings of resentment toward another, particularly in matters relating to an intimate relationship,” while “envy refers to covetousness of another’s advantages, possessions, or abilities.” So your ex is jealous of your new boyfriend but envious of your ability to use these two terms correctly.
伟大的语法学家布莱恩加纳提醒我们，“嫉妒jealous意味着对别人的怨恨，尤其涉及到一种亲密关系的时候，”而“envious嫉妒是对别人优势，财产，或能力的贪婪欲望。”所以你的前任嫉妒jealous你的新男朋友，而且还嫉妒envious你能正确分辨这两个词的能力。