2017春口语考试.doc

2017春2016级口语考试
Conversation
根据所提供的场景或话题（一般生活场景或话题），自编对话（2人为一组） （约3分钟）
具体考试内容：学生自己抽签，利用前一组考试的时间提前准备所抽到的话题。
参考话题/场景:
1. Two students are talking about their applying for a job.
2. Two students are talking about asking for a leave.
3. Two students are talking about the daily routine activities .
4. Two students are talking about introducing a tourist spot or a city
5. Two students are talking about leaving a message on the phone.
Reference
[1] College English Band 4 Long conversations.

背诵作文：
1、书信作文
A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper
June 20th, 2017
Dear Mr. / Miss Editor,
I am a student from Tsinghua University and I am writing to you about my experience of buying a dictionary and my complaint about the service of a bookstore.
It was about a month ago. I went to a bookstore nearby the university to buy an English dictionary. It was only after I paid for the dictionary and returned to school that I found some pages were missing. But when I went back to the bookstore to tell them about the matter, they said that I should have checked the dictionary before I left the store. According to them, it was my fault and they hold no responsibility for the whole matter.
What I want to say is that sincerity and enthusiasm are vital to the survival of service industries in such a market economy featured by fierce competition. It was quite easy for them to change the dictionary for me but they refused to do so. They will lose all customers if they persist in doing so. I hope that this letter can draw the attention of the whole society and that the problem can be solved as soon as possible.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
书信作文讲解：
书信格式：

（一）称呼

1、写给机构：Dear Sir or Madam,

2、写给个人：Dear + 人名,

（二）正文：3 段，10 句，120-150 词，3-5 个关联词，3-5 个从句

1、第一段：2 句

1）自我介绍（私人书信除外）：

I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.

2）写作目的：

I am writing the letter in purpose of ...

I am writing to inform you that I wish to ...

（1） 建议信：give/offer/render useful/practical/conducive suggestions/ proposals/ recommendations

（2） 投诉信：express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding/concerning/as regards the canteen/library/bookstore

2、第二段：6 句

3、第三段：2 句

1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）：

（1） My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.

（2） Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you.

（3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you render me.

2）期待回信：

（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
(3) Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
（三）落款：

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

2、英语四级图表
图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。

Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
　It can be seen from the graph that the rate of car accidents in Walton City experienced rises and falls in 1990. From January to March last year it increased by 45%. From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate. From June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease.
There are several reasons for this improvement, but the following are the most critical ones. First, new traffic regulations have made drivers more careful. Second, more people are using bicycles for transportation. Finally, in the later part of the year good weather made the roads safer to drive on.
I am confident that there will be even fewer car accidents in Walton in the future. First, major roads have been repaired and the number of public buses has been increased in the past few months. Moreover, a traffic safety campaign has made all the local people more aware of the dangers of unsafe driving.

图表作文的类型（表作文和图作文）
表作文

　　表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题、表头(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种（圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文）
图表图表作文的写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看发。
图表作文的写作步骤
　　写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：
　　1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;
　　2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;
　　3)编列文章的提纲;
　　4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;
　　5)检查与修改。
图表作文的篇章结构
　　写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。
　　第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想
　　第二段：分析产生的原因
　　第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议
　　 图表作文常用的句型
　　(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)
　　① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that … 根据该表/图，我们可知 ……
　　② The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 该表/图表明……
　　③ As we can see from the table …
　　As can be seen from the line/bar graph …
　　As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …
　　(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型
　　① Compared with … is still increased by …
　　② The number of … grew/rose from … to …
　　③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …
　　④ In … the number remains the same/drops to …
　　⑤ There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.
⑥ There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).
图表作文的模式
Eg.1段落一：According to the figures given in the diagram/picture/pie chart, we can see that ________________________ is increasing in the past __________________________, while ________________________________ is decreasing. (从整体上对事物发展的趋势作概括)
　 段落二：Possible reasons for this are as follows. (问题产生的原因) On the one hand, _____________________________________________________. (原因一) On the other hand, __________________________________________________________________. (原因二) Furthermore, _________________________________________________. (原因三)
段落三： From what has been analyzed, we can draw a conclusion that ________________________________. (得出结论) As a matter of fact, with the improvements in ____________________________, the trend will go on in the future. (提出改进的方法或措施) Therefore, ________________________________. (最后再强调观点)
Eg.2段落一：The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题). The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点). This means that as __________, _________________(进一步说明).
　　段落二：We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一). After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化), the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化). The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二). (数据位置，如In the second column), we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述).
　　段落三：Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因). / It is high time that (发出倡议)

3 图画作文

TV Craze
As is vividly depicted by the drawing above, a boy is sleeping soundly and comfortably in the sofa, with the television on, when his mother comes and turns off the television for him, blaming the boy for not having turned off the television again.
This phenomenon can easily be found anywhere in our daily life. Many people are used to doing everything with the television on, not actually watching it at all. Such a habit can cause waste of much electricity and energy, and result in the emission of carbon. This deviates from the popular concept of “low carbon life” to reduce the emission of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, to protect our environment and realize sustainable development. According to statistics, if we can decrease the time for having television on by one hour each day, we can deduce the amount of
 carbon emission by 4. 71 kilogram each month.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must promote and popularize a low carbon life among the public from every detail in our daily life. We must change the past practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health for short-term rapid economic development, and shift to developing green economy, circular economy and low carbon economy. All these effective measures can help us to reach harmony between development of the society and health of the nature。 
　　1.写作攻略
　　图画作文是较难的题型之一，近几年考研英语写作试题均为图画题型，因此考生应该特别认真地对待。这类题一般要求考生仔细看图，根据题目要求写成自己的作文。实际上，图画作文也可以当作三段式的提纲作文来写。第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句话来概括就可以)，第二段分析原因，最后一段发表评论或提出建议，其中第二、三段应该是写作的重点。面对此类题型，考生应首先确定主题，然后再动笔。具体写作要点：
　　(1) 仔细研究作文指令，弄清楚作文的要求，是否有标题？是否有提纲？然后从题目中找出中心词，分析修饰词，准确地抓住题目的中心思想。
　　(2)认真解读图画，因为图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究，尤其要注意图画中人或物(人与物)的体貌表情特征和背景，确定人物之间，人物与背景之间的主要关系，以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。
　　(3)如果图画以系列形式(既两幅以上)出现，考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外，还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所理解，在整体上把握图画所传达的信息。
　　(4)面对图画作文，考生应该展开合理而丰富的联想，用生动恰当的言辞抒发自己对图画的所思、所想、所感。
　　(5)注意图画作文中的文字说明。文字说明非常重要，通常十分清楚地提供一些写作要点，考生在看说明时要看清主、谓、宾，正确理解说明的意义。
　　(6)草拟提纲，合理组织材料。根据图画内容的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。如图画式作文写作多要求进行描写图画。对于漫画式写作，漫画描写本身并不重要，但文章的寓意却要力求准确，不要拖泥带水。
　　(7)系统且突出地展开段落。展开段落要根据画面内容进行，最好能围绕每一段的主题句进行。
　　(8)检查与修改。考生应重点检查图画内容是否准确地被表达出来，题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在与画面不相符的内容，或未能完全涵盖题目所给提示，考生应对文章做出相应修订。
　　2.必背模版句型
　　As is described in the picture...
　　这幅图描述了……
　　The purpose of the picture is to show us that...
　　这幅图的目的是为了给我们展示……
　　We can deduce form this picture that...
　　从这幅图中我们可以推断……
　　The picture indicates / conveys the meaning that
　　这幅图指出/传达……
　　More and more people have come to realize...
　　越来越多的人已经意识到……
　　Now it is commonly held that... but I doubt whether...
　　现在大家都普遍认为……，但我怀疑……
　　As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between... and ...
　　从图中我们可以清楚的看到……和……的关系。
　　No wonder most see the problem of... as that of ... rather than that of...
　　难怪大多数人把……看成……的问题，而不是……的问题。
　　Anyone with the least common sense knows that...
　　稍微有点常识的人都知道……
　　There is much discussion today about...
　　现在人们都在热烈地讨论……
　　Thanks to..., more and more...
　　由于……越来越多的……
　　As more and more people..., much attention should be placed on...
　　由于越来越多的人……，所以人们应该重视……
　　If such measures were not taken, the problem of... would have been more serious.
　　如果不采取这些措施，……的问题就会更加严重。
　　On the surface/At first thought it may seem a sound /an attractive/ suggestion /solution / idea, but careful weighing on the mind /on closer analysis / on second thought, we find that ...
　　表面上/第一眼看上去似乎是一个非常好的想法，但仔细一想/分析,我们却发现……
　　Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that ...
　　我之所以反对以上论点还有一个原因……
　　Unless there is a common realization of ..., it is very likely that ...
　　除非大家普遍意识到……，否则很可能……
　　No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ..., but the common recognition of the necessity of ... might be the first step towards change in the right direction.
　　解决……问题并不容易，但认识到……的必要性是向正确方向发展的第一步。
图片模板：
　　It seems to me that the cartoon / drawing is sending a message about ____________(图画内容)，which reveals ____________(稍作评价).In my perspective of view, ____________ (表明个人观点)。
　　Apparently, ____________(将个人观点和图片内容相结合，得出观点。)For one thing, ____________(从社会角度论证). For another thing, ____________(从个人角度说明). For example, ____________(自己、朋友或他人，只要自己知道或听过的例子).Last but not least, ____________(从反面角度谈论). As a result, the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _____________(建议或措施).Only in this way can we ____________(展望结果).
　　In conclusion / To my understanding, ____________(再次表明观点或态度). We should ____________(进一步说明个人的观点).

4、话题作文：
话题：
近年来，互联网教育大热，因为它的便捷，让你能够随时随地学习。那么你怎么看待互联网呢，它的利弊又在哪里呢?
参考例文一：
Being online is no longer something new or fresh in our life. To some extent, it has become part of our daily life. We can do a lot of things online, such as searching for information and communicating with friends far away. Recently, online education has come into fashion.
The popularity of online education is due to its outstanding advantages. Firstly, it breaks down the barrier between time and space. One can conveniently study at home by accessing the Internet via computers at any time. Secondly, instead of reading those dull textbooks, one can enjoy colorful images, nice sounds and fascinating videos online, which will arouse great interest in his study. However, the disadvantage of online education is obvious. Sometimes there is a lack of sufficient interaction between students and teachers due to bad internet connection.
As the old saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.” It is true that online education is not well developed and has limitations. I still believe that with the further development of the Internet, online education will see a more promising future.
　　这个模板的中文大意是：在某种场合，发生某种现象，并提供一些相关数据，然后列出这种现象的三个原因，并将三个原因总结为一个最主要原因，最后提出避免这种现象的两个办法。总的来说，利用这个模板写英语作文，是相当容易的，您只要将适当的内容，填写到对应的方括号中，一篇通顺的英语作文即可完成。下面就是这个模板。
　　Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据]. Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. The third one is [原因三]. To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].
　　(I)说明原因型
　　模块(一)
　　Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides,( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) .
　　It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 6 ).On the other hand ,( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX .

　　注释：
　　(1)用具体数据说明XX现象(2)原因一(3)原因二(4)原因三(5)指出主要原因
　　(6)解决建议一 (7)解决建议二

5题型分析之一------谚语警句型

Abraham Lincoln’s famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe. " is quite provoking. The saying aims at informing us of a truth that hardly can anyone get things perfectly done without adequate preparation. There are sufficient reasons and evidence to testify the righteousness of my understanding.
Definitely , we can’t emphasize the importance of full preparation too much in our pursuit of success. A full preparation enables us to achieve our objectives and realize our dreams more smoothly and rapidly. The more preparation we make, the more likely we are to become confidence, reduce the risks of failure and seize the fleeting opportunities. For example, when graduates hunt for jobs, it is those who are well prepared that can surpass other candidates and get the offer finally.
Accordingly, at no time should we overlook the power of preparation. Besides, we need to set up a proper goal, carry out a full investigation and elaborate a detailed plan bef