焊接技术与工程专业英语.ppt

焊接技术与工程专业英语SPECIALTYENGLISHFORWELDINGDEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERINGJIANGSU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY2005.08Textbook&referencebooksAWeldingTechnicalReaderWeldingPrinciples&ApplicationsWeldingMetallurgyTeachingProgramPart:AccesstoWeldingLiteraturePart:WeldingPowerPart:WeldingMetallurgyPart:WeldingProcessesWeldingisamaterialsjoiningprocessusedinmakingwelds.Aweldis“alocalizedcoalescence(thegrowingtogetherofthegrainstructureofthematerialsbeingwelded)ofmetalsornonmetalsproducedeitherbyheatingthematerialstosuitabletemperatures,withorwithouttheapplicationofpressure,andwithorwithouttheuseoffillermaterials”.American Welding SocietyWELDING DEFINEDWELDING DEFINED焊接的概念：焊接是将两种金属（同质或异质）或非金属通过原子或分子间的结合从而连接成一体WELDING CLASSIFICATIONWELDINGFUSIONWELDINGPRESSUREWELDINGHISTORY OF WELDINGHISTORY OF WELDINGHISTORYOFWELDINGHISTORYOFWELDINGArcweldingHISTORYOFWELDINGRobotweldingHISTORYOFWELDINGLaserweldingHISTORYOFWELDINGSpotweldingHISTORYOFWELDINGFrictionStirwelding1.WHATISWELDINGuMoleculeuOxidationuContaminationuMetallurgyuFusion processuPressure processKeywords:2.HEATTREATMENTOFSTEELuHeat treatmentuHardeninguTemperinguAnnealinguQuenchuBrineKeywords:Under-aged and Peak-aged Heat Treatment on 7075 Al AlloyOnestepagingcondition:Material:7075Solutiontreatment:475CX2hQuenchingmedia:waterAgingconditionafterquenching:120C*Standard:AMS2772E-2008Over-aged Heat Treatment on 7075 Al AlloyTowstepagingcondition:Material:7075Solutiontreatment:475CX2hQuenchingmedia:waterAgingconditionafterquenching:107Cfor6handthen163C*Standard:AMS2772E-2008SummaryonHeatTreatmentof7075AlAlloySolution TreatmentQuenchingAgingHardnessHVUnder-agedT6475 CX 2 hWater120 CX 2.5 h136Peak-agedT651475 CX 2 hWater120 CX 24 h177Over-agedT7351475 CX 2 hWater107 CX 6 h163 CX 40 h136Kellers etch:15sLSTMicrostructuralCharacterizationof7075-T651S-TL-T3.THESELECTIONOFMETALSINWELDINGuAlloyuWeldabilityuStrengthuHardnessuStiffnessuDuctilityuNickeluBerylliumuAluminumuIronuSteelKeywords:TheselectionofMetalsinWeldingMostoftheseventy-fiveorsometalsinnatureareusedinindustry,andaboutonethirdofthemetalsareofinterestinwelding.Ausecanalwaysbefoundfortheparticularcombinationofpropertiesrepresentedbyanymetals.Besides,therangeofavailablemetalshasbeengreatlyextendedbyalloying,andthereisnolimittothenumberofalloyspossibletobedeveloped.Fromtheonemetaliron,probablymorethan25000alloysofsteelarefoundtohavebeendeveloped,althoughtheusesofpureironareveryfewincontrasttothevastrangeofpurposesservedbythemanysteelalloys.TheselectionofMetalsinWeldingMostoftheseventy-fiveorsometalsinnatureareusedinindustry,andaboutonethirdofthemetalsareofinterestinwelding.Ausecanalwaysbefoundfortheparticularcombinationofpropertiesrepresentedbyanymetals.Besides,therangeofavailablemetalshasbeengreatlyextendedbyalloying,andthereisnolimittothenumberofalloyspossibletobedeveloped.Fromtheonemetaliron,probablymorethan25000alloysofsteelarefoundtohavebeendeveloped,althoughtheusesofpureironareveryfewincontrasttothevastrangeofpurposesservedbythemanysteelalloys.自然界中75种左右的金属中，大多数都能应用于工业，其中大概三分之一为焊接所感兴趣。任何金属性能的特定组合总是能找到其用途。除此以外，可用金属的范围通过合金化可以得到大大的延伸，并且理论上可以开发无限种类的合金。以金属铁为例，已经开发出了25000多种钢，然而与钢得到大规模的应用相比，纯铁反而应用很少。Thebasiccharacteristicsthatmakethemetalssoveryusefularetheirweldability,hardness,stiffness,andductility(thatisthepropertytobeshapedeasily).Thesecharacteristicsofmetalsareofgreatimportancetoawelder.Ifhehassomeknowledgeofthem,heiscertaintohavehisweldingjobsdoneinaproperways.金属能够得到广泛应用的基本前提就是其焊接性、硬度、韧性及塑性（指其易加工性能）。金属的这些性能对焊工非常重要。只有在知道这些性能的前提下，他才能实现正确的焊接操作。TheselectionofMetalsinWeldingThereisnosuchthingasanidealmetal,althoughnickelmaybeconsideredtohavecomeclosest.Foraparticularapplication,thebestselectionisthemetalthathasthemostfavorablefeatures.Probablythetwomostimportantcharacteristicstobeconsideredarecostandweight.Weightparticularlyhasbeenpaidgreaterattentiontoinrecentyearsowingtothedevelopmentofmodernindustries.Itisforthispurposethataluminumandberylliumareusedtomakeaircraftsandrockets.工业上没有纯完美的金属，虽然镍被认为是最接近完美的一种金属。对于特定用途，具有相匹配性能的金属为最佳选择。这中间需要考虑的两个重要因素就是价格和重量。近年来由于现代工业的发展，重量方面得到更多的关注。基于此原因，铝和铍广泛用于航空和火箭上。TheselectionofMetalsinWeldingCostmustbebalancedagainstothercharacteristicsofthemetals.Forexample,itispossibletoreplaceberylliumbymetalsofonlyahundredththecost,butsuchsubstitutescannotmatchberylliumsstiffnessandstrength,andtheindustriesconcernedmaydecidethatthesuperiorityofberylliumwarrantstheincreasedcost.Forotherapplications,however,berylliumisnotinsuchafavor,andthereforeisnotconsideredasametaltoberequired.在考虑金属性能的基础上必需考虑金属的价格。比如，虽然能够用价格只有铍金属价格的金属来代替铍，但这些金属还是不能达到铍的韧性及强度，相关行业认为金属铍的优先使用，导致铍的价格不断上涨。然而对于其它行业，铍并不是最佳选择，从而也不会考虑为一种必需的金属。TheselectionofMetalsinWelding4ExpansioninWelding4ExpansioninWeldinguExpansionuContractionuDistortionuInternal stainsuCoefficient of linear expansionKeywords:文献的结构Title(标题)Authors(通讯作者)FirstauthorCorrespondingauthorAddress(通讯作者单位)Abstract(文章摘要)Keywords(关键词)Introduction(引言）Experiments(试验)Results(结果分析）Conclusions(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)References(参考文献)专业文献的阅读Title:反映了文章的中心思想，一句话Authors:反映了本文工作的主要贡献人员Address:所有作者的通讯地址Abstract:本文的目的试验材料和手段等试验成果概述Keywords:具体所研究的材料想要研究的是啥(microstructure,properties等)有特色的试验方法Title,Authors,Address,AbstractandKeywordsENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN 7075 ALUMINUM ALLOYF.Wang,J.J.Williams,and N.ChawlaMaterials Science and EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempe,AZ 85287-6106,USAE-mail:nchawlaasu.eduKey words:7075Aluminumalloy,fatiguecrackgrowth,ultrahighvacuum,dryair,moisture.AbstractThefatiguebehaviorofaluminumalloysisgreatlyinfluencedbytestingenvironment.Inthispaper,theroleofdryairandhighlypurifiedmoistureonfatiguecrackgrowthbehaviorof7075Alalloywasinvestigated.Fatiguecrackgrowthratesweremeasuredundervariouspartialpressuresofdryairandwatervapor,andwerecomparedwithabaselineobtainedinultrahighvacuum(UHV)(totalpressureof10-9torr).StandardcompacttensionspecimensalongtheL-Torientationwereused,andtestingwasperformedunderloadratiosofR=0.8.Themicrostructureandmorphologyofthefracturesurfaceswereexaminedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andcorrelatedwiththecrackgrowthbehavior.ItwasobservedthatastickingphenomenonbetweencrackfacestookplaceinUHVanddry-air,butnotinmoisture.Themoistureisbelievedtolubricatethecracksurfaces.Themechanismsforstickingaredescribedindetail.Introduction(引言)5TheWeldingArc5TheWeldingArc5TheWeldingArc5TheWeldingArcuElectric arcuHeat sourceuPlasmauCrateruWelding machineKeywords:6ArcLength6ArcLengthuDeposited metaluNitrogenuBare electrodeuCoated electrodeKeywords:7Electrodes7Electrodes7ElectrodesKeywords:BasemetalDCDirectCurrentACAlternateCurrentMildsteel（低碳钢）Horizontalwelding(平焊)Flatwelding（横焊）Verticalwelding（立焊）8CoatedElectrode8CoatedElectrodeuOxideuNitrideuDeoxidizeuSlaguPenetrationuWeldbeadKeywords:9.PolarityuStraightpolarity(DCSP)uReversedpolarity(DCRP)uElectrodeholderKeywords:9.Polarity9.Polarity10.HeatTransferuConductionuConvectionuRadiationKeywords:10.HeatTransfer10.HeatTransfer10.HeatTransfer11.StressesoccurringinweldinguYieldpointuPlasticdeformationuCrystallatticeuCross-sectionKeywords:11.Stressesoccurringinwelding11.StressesoccurringinweldingPARTIIWELDINGPOWER1.PowersupplyconstructionfundamentalsGenerator发电机Rectifier整流器Contactor接触器Diode二极管Currentrating额定电流Keywords:1.PowersupplyconstructionfundamentalsContactor接触器Relay继电器Switch开关Keywords:1.PowersupplyconstructionfundamentalsFuse保险丝Circuitbreaker断路器Thermalcutout热熔断器（热断流器）Keywords:1.PowersupplyconstructionfundamentalsMeter仪表Ammeter电流表Voltmeter电压表Shunt分流器Keywords:1.PowersupplyconstructionfundamentalsKeywords:Inductor电感器Transformer电抗器Transformer变压器Autotransformer自耦变压器Adjustautotransformer自耦调压器PART IIIWELDING METALLURGY1.MechanicalPropertiesofMetalsKeywords:TensilestrengthBendingstrengthCompressivestrengthTorsionalstrengthShearstrengthFatiguestrengthImpactstrengthIndenterIndentationCryogenicproperty2SteelKeywords:SoftsteelHardsteelWeldablesteelHeat-treatablesteelWroughtsteelCaststeelMagneticsteelPara-magneticsteelStainlesssteelHigh-speedsteelToolsteelGraycastironWhiteironMalleableironDuctileironFoundry3TheIron-carbonDiagramsKeywords:PolymorphyFace-centeredcubicBody-centeredcubicFerromagneticSolidsolubility/solutionEutectoidpointAusteniteFerriteCementitePearlitePro-eutectoidferriteHypo-eutectoidsteelHyper-eutectoidsteel3TheIron-carbonDiagrams3TheIron-carbonDiagrams3TheIron-carbonDiagrams4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel4Effectofweldingonthestructureofsteel5TheWeldabilityofMetalsKeywords:Tackweld定位焊缝Spotwelding点焊Projectionwelding凸焊Seamwelding缝焊PART WELDING PROCESSESPART WELDING PROCESSES1ShieldedMetal-ArcWedlingKeywords:Shieldedmetalarcwelding(SMAW)1ShieldedMetal-ArcWelding1ShieldedMetal-ArcWelding2GasShielded-ArcWeldingGasTungstenArcWelding(GTAW)GasMetalArcWelding(GMAW)TungstenInertGas(TIG)PlasmaArcWelding(PAW)MetalInertGas(MIG)MetalActiveGas(MAG)Keywords:2GasShielded-ArcWelding2GasShielded-ArcWeldingSpraytransferGlobulartransferShortcircuitingtransferKeywords:2GasShielded-ArcWelding3SubmergedArcweldingSubmergedarcwelding(SAW)isahighquality,veryhighdepositionrateweldingprocess.Submergedarcweldingisahighdeposition rate welding processcommonlyusedtojoinplate.3SubmergedArcwelding3SubmergedArcweldingSubmerged Arc Welding BenefitsExtremelyhighdepositionratespossibleHighqualityweldsEasilyautomatedLowoperatorskillrequired4Electroslagwelding6.Brazing