汽车机械英语.doc

第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机twostrokeengine四冲程发动机fourstrokeengine水冷发动机watercooledengine风冷发动机aircooledengine上止点(UDP)upperdeadpoint下止点(LDP)lowerdeadpoint活塞行程stroke汽缸直径bore工作容积workingvolume排量sweptvolume,displacement进气行程intakestroke压缩行程compressionstroke压缩比compressionratio做功行程workingstroke爆燃，敲缸detonation,knock排气行程exhauststroke示功图indicatingdiagram汽缸体cylinderblock汽缸盖cylinderhead油底壳oilsump活塞piston连杆connectingrod曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel进气门intakevalve排气门exhaustvalve挺柱tappet推杆pushrod摇臂rocker凸轮轴camshaft正时齿轮timinggear燃油箱fueltank燃油泵fuelpump汽油滤清器gasolinefilter化油器carburetor空气滤清器aircleaner进气管intakemanifold排气管exhaustmanifold火花塞sparkplug点火线圈ignitioncoil断电器breaker蓄电池storagebattery发电机generator水泵waterpump散热器radiator风扇fan放水阀drainvalve水套waterjacket分水管distributivepipe机油泵oilpump集滤器suctionfilter限压阀reliefvalve润滑油道oilpassage机油滤清器oilfilter机油冷却器oilcooler起动机startingmotor有效功率effectivepower有效转矩effectivetorque燃油消耗率specificfuelconsumption发动机转速特性enginespeedcharacteristic节气门开度throttlepercentage部分特性partialcharacteristic外特性outercharacteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylindersleeve,cylinderliner发动机支承enginemounting活塞顶pistontop活塞头部pistonhead活塞裙pistonskirt开槽slot活塞环pistonring气环compressionring油环oilring环槽groove活塞销pistonpin主轴承mainbearing主轴承盖mainbearingcap主轴瓦mainshell连杆轴承bigendbearing连杆盖bigendcap起动爪crankingclaw带轮pulley平衡重counterweight发火顺序firingorder扭振减振器torsionalvibrationdamper第三章配气机构顶置气门(OHV)OverHeadValve顶置凸轮轴(OHC)OverHeadCamshaft单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC)SingleOverHeadCamshaft双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC)DualOverHeadCamshaft多气门发动机multi-valveengine气门间隙valveclearance配气相位timingphase气门杆valvestem气门座valveseat气门导管valveguide气门弹簧valvespring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustionmixture消声器silencer,muffler汽油gasoline,petrol分馏distil蒸发性evaporatingproperty热值heatvalue抗爆性anti-knockproperty辛烷值(RON)ResearchOctaneNumber过量空气系数coefficientofexcessiveair理论混合气theoreticalmixture稀混合气thinmixture浓混合气thickmixture主供油系统mainsupplysystem怠速系统idlesystem加浓系统thickeningsystem加速系统acceleratingsystem浮子float浮子室floatchamber针阀needlevalve量孔meteringjet阻风门choke滤芯filtercartridge沉淀杯sedimentcup泵膜pumpdiaphragm油浴式oilbathtype石棉垫a*estospad预热pre-heating汽油直接喷射gasolinedirectinjection电控electroniccontrol多点喷射muti-pointinjection单点喷射singlepointinjection电路控制circuitcontrol分电器信号distributorsignal空气流量信号airflowsignal冷却水温信号watertemperaturesignal第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transferpump喷油泵fuelinjectionpump高压油管highpressurefuelpipe发火性ignitionproperty黏度viscosity凝点condensingpoint备燃期pri-combustionperiod速燃期rapidcombustionperiod缓燃期slowcombustionperiod燃烧室combustionchamber统一燃烧室unitedchamber球形燃烧室ballshapechamber涡流室turbulencechamber预燃室pri-combustionchamber喷油器injector精密偶件precisecouple柱塞plunger出油阀deliveryvalve调速器governor两速调速器twospeedgovernor全速调速器fullspeedgovernor定速调速器fixedspeedgovernor综合调速器combinedgovernor气动调速器pneumaticgovernor机械离心式调速器mechanicalcentrifugalgovernor复合式调速器complexgovernor喷油提前角调节装置advancer飞块flyweight联轴节coupling粗滤清器primaryfilter细滤清器secondaryfilter涡轮增压器turbocharger中间冷却器intermediatecooler第七章冷却系节温器thermostat防冻液anti-freezingliquid补偿水桶compensationreservoirV-带Vbelt百叶窗shutter大循环bigcirculation小循环smallcirculation散热翅片fins第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant压力润滑pressurelubrication飞溅润滑splashlubrication润滑脂grease机油压力传感器oilpressuresensor油封oilseal旁通阀bypassvalve机油散热器oilcooler机油尺dipstick加机油口oilfiller曲轴箱通风crankcaseventilation第九章点火系一次绕组primarywinding二次绕组secondarywinding热敏电阻heatsensitiveresistance点火提前ignitionadvance分电器distributor活动触点movingcontact固定触点fixedcontact分火头distributorrotorarm电容器condenser点火提前装置ignitionadvancer离心式点火提前装置centrifugalignitionadvancer真空式点火提前装置vacuumignitionadvancer辛烷值校正器octanenumberrectifier中心电极centralelectrode侧电极sideelectrode瓷绝缘体ceramicinsulator跳火间隙sparkgap半导体点火系semi-conductorignitionsystem晶体管transistor二极管diode三极管triode无触点点火系non-contactignitionsystem霍尔效应Halleffect正极板anode负极板cathode隔板separator电解液electrolyte蓄电池格batterycell接线柱terminal电缆cable硅整流交流发电机siliconrectifiedA.C.motor转子rotor定子stator电刷brush风扇叶轮fanblade电压调节器voltageregulator第十章起动系手摇起动cranking电热塞electricheaterplug串激直流发电机serialwoundD.C.motor起动齿圈starterring电磁操纵机构electro-magneticcontrol第十一章新型发动机三角活塞triangularpiston转子发动机rotaryengine自转rotarymotion,rotation公转orbitmotion轨迹trajectory齿轮gear齿圈ringgear往复零件reciprocalparts动平衡dynamicbalance燃气涡轮发动机gasturbine第十二章汽车传动系机械式传动系mechanicaltransmission液力机械式传动系hydro-mechanicaltransmission静液式传动系static-hydraulictransmission电力式传动系electricaltransmission自动式传动系automatictransmission减速reduction可变速比variableratios有级变速definiteratios无级变速indefiniteratios无级变速器(CVT)ContinuouslyVariableTransmission一般布置generallayout发动机横置lateralenginepositioning分动器transfercase,transferbox第十三章离合器接合柔和smoothengagement分离彻底thoroughseparation过载overload摩擦表面frictionsurface摩擦衬片frictionliner毂hub主动部分drivingpart从动部分drivenpart花键spline压盘pressureplate离合器盖coverplate分离杠杆releaselever分离套筒releasesleeve分离轴承releasebearing主缸mastercylinder工作缸workingcylinder分离*releasefork间隙调整clearanceadjustment打滑slip踏板pedal踏板自由行程pedalfreestroke踏板工作行程pedalworkingstroke铆钉，铆接rivet双片离合器dualdiscclutch中央弹簧离合器centralspringclutch膜片弹簧离合器diaphragmspringclutch非线性non-linear第十四章变速器与分动器输入轴（第一轴）inputshaft,driveshaft输出轴（第二轴）outputshaft,mainshaft中间轴countershaft倒挡轴reversegearshaft常啮合constantmesh低速挡lowgear高速挡highgear最高速挡topgear空挡neutralgear一挡thefirstgear二挡thesecondgear三挡thethirdgear倒挡reversegear直接挡directgear超速挡overdrive动力输出powertake-off换挡shift啮合套slidingsleeve同步器synchronizer同步锥面synchrocone变速杆shiftinglever手柄handle球铰链balljoint换挡拨*shiftingfork自锁self-lock互锁inter-lock变速驱动桥transaxle加力挡lowgear第十五章液力机械传动液力偶合器hydrauliccoupling泵轮impeller涡轮turbine叶片blade液力变矩器torqueconverter导轮stator行星齿轮系planetarygearsystem太阳轮sungear行星轮planetpinion行星架planetcarrier齿圈ringgear第十六章传动轴万向节universaljoint,U-joint十字轴式万向节CardantypeU-joint*子yoke,fork十字轴spider,centercross滚针轴承needlebearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricatingfitting,nipple等角速constantangularvelocity双联式万向节dualCardantypeU-joint球*式万向节WeisstypeU-joint球笼式万向节RzeppatypeU-joint星形套innerracehousing球形壳outerraceshell保持架，球笼retainer,ballcage挠性万向节flexibleU-joint无缝钢管seamlesssteeltube第十七章驱动桥主减速器finaldrive主动（小）齿轮drivepinion从动（大）齿轮ringgear伞齿轮bevelgear双曲面齿轮hypoidgear单级减速singlereduction双级减速doublereduction贯通式主减速器penetrablefinaldrive双速主减速器doublegear(speed)finaldrive轮边减速器wheelreduction差速器differential半轴齿轮differentialsidegear差速锁differentiallock轴间差速器inter-axledifferentiallock托森差速器torquesensitivedifferential半轴axleshaft全浮式半轴floattypeaxleshaft半浮式半轴semi-floattypeaxleshaft桥壳axlehousing桥壳后盖finaldriverearcover第十八章行驶系行驶系runninggear车架frame车桥，车轴axle悬架suspension半履带式汽车semi-caterpillarvehicle第十九章车架边梁式车架laddertypeframe纵梁siderail横梁crossmember保险杠bumper托架bracket支承support拖钩towhook中梁式车架backbonetypeframe桁架式车架latticetypeframe第二十章车桥和车轮转向桥steeringaxle桥梁axlebeam工字形断面I-section转向节knuckle主销kingpin轮毂wheelhub转向轮定位steeringwheelalignment主销后倾caster主销内倾kingpininclination前轮外倾camber前轮前束toe-in转向驱动桥steeringanddrivingaxle支持桥supportaxle轮辋rim轮辐spoke车轮装饰罩hubcap轮胎tyre,tire胎冠crown,tread花纹pattern胎侧sidewall帘布层cord,ply尼龙，锦纶nylon带束层beltedlayer内胎tube垫带protector胎圈bead气门嘴bleedvalve气门芯valvecore子午线轮胎radialtire无内胎轮胎tubelesstire刺穿puncture备胎sparetire第二十一章悬架弹性元件spring,elasticelement减振器sockabsorber导向机构controldevice横向稳定器（杆）stabilizer,anti-rollbar悬架刚度suspensionstiffness簧载质量sprungmass非簧载质量unsprungmass静挠度staticdeformation独立悬架independentsuspension车轮上跳（减振器压缩行程）jounce车轮回跳（减振器伸张行程）rebound双向作用减振器doubleactionshockabsorber单向作用减振器singleactionshockabsorber筒式减振器telescopicshockabsorber吊环linkring工作缸workingcylinder贮油缸reservoir流通阀（进液阀）intakevalve伸张阀reboundvalve压缩阀compressionvalve补偿阀compensationvalve充气减振器gasfilledshockabsorber压力可调减振器pressureadjustableshockabsorber钢板弹簧leafspring中心螺栓centralbolt弹簧夹clip螺旋弹簧coilspring扭杆弹簧torsionalbar囊式空气弹簧bellowtypeairspring膜式空气弹簧diaphragmtypeairspring橡胶弹簧rubberspring卷耳springeye吊耳shackleU形螺栓U-bolt弹簧盖板springplate副簧auxiliaryspring主簧mainspring横臂式悬架transversaltypesuspension双横臂式悬架doublewishbonesuspension转向轴线steeringaxis纵摆臂式trailingarmtype滑柱式struttype麦弗逊式McPhaesontype平衡悬架tandemaxlesuspension第二十二章转向系机械（手动）转向系manualsteeringsystem转向盘steeringwheel转向轴steeringshaft转向柱steeringcolumn转向传动轴steeringdriveshaft转向器steeringgear直拉杆draglink转向节knuckle转向节臂knucklearm梯形臂steeringarm横拉杆tierod转向轮偏转角关系steeringgeometry转弯半径turningradius循环球式转向器recirculatingballsteeringgear转向螺杆steeringscrew转向螺母steeringnut齿扇sector齿轮齿条式转向器rackandpinionsteeringgear蜗杆曲柄指销式转向器wormandcrankpinsteeringgear动力转向powersteering转向油罐steeringreservoir转向油泵steeringoilpump第二十三章制动系鼓式制动器drumbrake制动蹄brakeshoe轮缸wheelcylinder制动底板brakebaseplate调整凸轮adjustablecam制动蹄回位弹簧retainerspring领蹄leadingshoe从蹄trailingshoe盘式制动器discbrake制动钳brakecalipers制动盘brakedisc液压制动系fluidbrakingsystem制动液brakefluid制动主缸mastercylinder气压制动系pneumaticbrakingsystem空气压缩机aircompressor制动气室brakechamber贮气筒reservoir制动阀brakevalve气压调节阀airpressuregovernor伺服制动系servobrakingsystem真空助力器vacuumbooster防抱死制动系(ABS)Anti-lockBrakingSystem辅助制动器auxiliarybrake缓速器retarder排气制动exhaustbraking第二十四章车身车身壳体bodyshell非承载式车身separateframeconstruction承载式车身unitaryconstruction,integralbody发动机舱enginecompartment客厢，乘客室passengercompartment行李箱trunk发动机罩hood,bonnet前翼板frontfender,frontwing前挡泥板frontfenderapron前围板dashboard,firewall前风窗windscreen,windshield前围cowl,shroud顶盖roof地板floorpanel行李箱盖trunklid,decklid后围板rearendpanel前柱frontpillar,“A”pillar中柱centerpillar,“B”pillar后柱rearpillar,“C”pillar上边梁roofrail门槛rockerpanel仪表板instrumentpanel遮阳板sunvisor刮水器wiper后视镜rearviewmirror门锁doorlock玻璃升降器windowregulator密封条weatherstrip暖气装置heater空调装置airconditioner座椅seat头枕headrestraint安全带safetyseatbelt钢化玻璃toughenedglass夹层玻璃laminatedglass货箱carryingplatform边板sideboard后板tailboard前板headboard地板，底板floorboard栓杆tighteninglatch第二十五章附属设备车速表speedometer里程表mileagerecorder机油压力表oilpressuregauge燃油表fuelgauge水温表watertemperaturegauge电流表ammeter前大灯headlamp转向指示灯turningindicator制动信号灯brakingsignallight报警信号装置warningsignal