2016年职称英语考试理工A真题及答案.doc

2016年职称英语理工A真题
第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation.
A. imagination
B. confirmation
C. recall
D. disclosure
2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very (brutal).
A. careless
B. cruel
C. strong
D. hard
3. You’ll have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train.
A. jump
B. escape
C. run
D. prepare
4. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.
A. changeable
B. stable
C. suitable
D. adaptable
5. The new (garment) fits her perfectly.
A. haircut
B. purse
C. clothes
D. necklace
6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood (trauma).
A. fear
B. joy
C. hurt
D. memory
7. They have to build canals to (irrigate) the desert.
A. decorate
B. water
C. change
D. visit
8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a (toddler).
A. disabled
B. pupil
C. teenager
D. baby
9. The coastal area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.
A. warm
B. severe
C. hard
D.dry
10. The details of the costume were totally (authentic).
A. real
B. outstanding
C. creative
D. false
11. We are aware of the (potential) problems.
A. global
B. possible
C. ongoing
D. central
12. The idea was quite (brilliant).
A. positive
B. clever
C. key
D. original
13. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate.
A. regulated
B. increased
C. fell
D. maintained
14. The course gives you basic (instructions) in car maintenance.
A. coaching
B. idea
C. term
D. aspect
15. All houses within 100 metres of the seas (at risk) of flooding.
A. in danger
B. out of control
C. between equals
D. in particular

第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Greatest of Victorian Engineers
　　In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted inworks which are still in use today.
　　The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口) occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.
　　While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel’s design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.
16. Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
A. Right   
B. Wrong 
C. Not mentioned
17. Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.
A. Right   
B. Wrong 
C. Not mentioned
18.   Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.
A. Right   
B. Wrong 
C. Not mentioned
19.   Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.
A. Right   
B. Wrong 
C. Not mentioned
20.   Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.
A. Right   
B. Wrong 
C. Not mentioned
21. Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.
A. Right   
B. Wrong 
C. Not mentioned
22. The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.
A. Right   
B. Wrong 
C. Not mentioned

第三部分：概况大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳选项标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Geothermal（地热）Energy
　　1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable（不可渗透的）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.
　　2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is pipe dup directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.
　　3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary（双重的）plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.
A. Recyclable water and steam
B. Binary plants
C. Flash steam plants
D. Generation of electricity
E. Origin of geothermal energy
F. Dry steam plants
4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.
23. Paragraph 1_____E____
24. Paragraph 2____F_____
25. Paragraph 3____C_____
26. Paragraph 4____B_____

27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under __B____.
28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with ___C___.
29. Flash plants produce hot water through ___E___.
30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into __F____.
A. hot springs
B. impermeable rock
C. little or no water
D. turbine operator
E. one or two separators
F. the energy to turn a turbine

第四部分：阅读理解（第30~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇：
Sports Star Yao Ming
　　If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA)and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Game.
　　But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao Ming around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbol of international commerce.
　　When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough一no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basket ball fans in China.
　　When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
　　Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits, although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.
　　“There is no reason to dismiss TCM, “Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don’t think that it’s short on science.”
31. The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means________.
A. large
B. fat
C. tall
D. great
32. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his________.
A. assault
B. mobility
C. defense
D. celebrity
33. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because________.
A. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.
B. his right foot had been hurting.
C. the surgical operation had been a failure.
D. he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.
34. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?
A. He is an NBA player.
B. He fractured his left foot.
C. He missed the Athens Olympics.
D. He is an international figure.
35. In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is________.
A. indifferent
B. positive
C. doubtful
D. negative

第二篇：
Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化）
　　The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原）of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semi-arid(半干旱)lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mail, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.
　　Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.
　　One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Over grazing—keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation一trying to grow too many crops on poor land一 results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.
　　Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.
　　The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的）agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.
36. The Sahel zone is an area which________.
A. is covered with sad and grass
B. has a long history
C. occupies much of South Nigeria
D. belongs to Sudan
37. What is the situation about the desertification in Africa?
A. The deserts are replaced with grasslands
B. The deserts are expanding
C. the deserts are moving northwards
D. the deserts are being deserted
38. The word “deteriorated” in paragraph 2 means________.
A. deepened
B. suffered
C. slipped
D. worsened
39. What is the root cause of desertification?
A. poor farming
B. overpopulation
C. radical climate change
D. disappearance of rare plant species
40. In order to prevent desertification, the author proposes________.
A. making good use of international aids
B. developing a sustainable agricultural economy
C. gaining international support
D. converting agricultural land into forest

第三篇：
Older Volcanic Eruptions
　　Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.
　　Paul Wi