报刊阅读答案.doc

美国报刊
1. The New York Times 《纽约时报》
2. The Washington Post 《华盛顿邮报》
3. Los Angeles Times 《洛杉矶时报》
4. USA Today 《今日美国报》
5. The Wall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》
6. International Herald Tribune 《国际先驱论坛报》
7. The Christian Science Monitor 《基督教科学箴言报》
8. Time 《时代》周刊
9. Newsweek《新闻周刊》
10. U .S .News &World Report 《美国新闻与世界报道》
11. Reader’s Digest《读者文摘》
12. Fortune 《财富》杂志
13. Business Week 《商业周刊》
14. Far Eastern Economic Review《远东经济评论》

英国报刊
15. The Times 《泰晤士报》
16. Financial Times《金融时报》
17. The Guardian 《卫报》
18. The Daily Telegraphy《每日电讯报》
19. The Independent《独立报》
20. The Economist 《经济学家》
21. The Spectator《旁观者》
22. New Statesman 《新政治家》周刊

四．回答问题
1.有哪些新闻体裁（forms of news writing）
①消息 ②通讯 ③新闻特写 ④调查报告 ⑤报告文学
OR 消息（News）,特写( Feature),社论和评论( Editorial &Commentary)
2.The Ivy League 常春藤联合会包括美国东部八所名牌大学，例举几个?
① 罗得岛州的布朗大学
Brown University
② 纽约市的哥伦比亚大学
Columbia University
③ 纽约州的康奈尔大学
Cornell University
④ 新罕布什尔州的达特默思学院
Dartmouth College
⑤ 马萨诸塞州的哈佛大学
Harvard University
⑥ 宾夕法尼亚州的宾夕法尼亚大学 University of Pennsylvania
⑦ 新泽西州的普林斯顿大学
Princeton University
⑧康涅狄格州的耶鲁大学Yale University

三．借喻，提喻P189
1. blue helmets联合国维和部队（借）
2. Broadway纽约戏剧业，美国戏剧业（借）
3. Buckingham英国王宫，英国王室（借）
4. Capitol Hill美国国会（借）
5. The City (of London)英国金融界，英国商业界
6. Donkey美国民主党
7. Downing Street英国首相府，英国首相，英国政府，英国内阁
8. Elephant美国共和党
9. Fleet Street英国新闻界，英国报业
10. Hollywood美国电影业,电影界或娱乐业
11. London英国，英国政府
12. Madison Avenue美国广告业
13. Pentagon美国国防部
14. Silicon Valley美国高科技集中地
15. Wall Street美国金融界
16. Washington联邦政府，美国政府，美国，美国东部
17. Westminster英国议会，英国政府
18. White House总统府，行政部门
19. Oval Office美国总统办公室

中英翻译
1. academic year学年
2. open door policy 开放政策
3. start-up companies 创业公司
4. prime minister首相
5. debt specialist处理债务问题的专家
6. GE Capital通用电气公司投资部门
7. venture capitalist 风险投资家
8. moderately well-off society小康社
9. special economic zones经济特区
10. disposable income 可支配收入
11. per-capita人均
12. conventional wisdom普遍的看法
13. alumni connections 校友联谊/关系网
14. election day 选举日
15. the Obama Administration奥巴马政府
16. GOP 老大党/美国共和党
17. presidential election总统选举 /general elections
18. President-elect当选总统
19. popular vote普选票或民选票
20. Electoral College选举团
21. electoral vote 选举人票
22. winner-take-all胜者全得或赢者通吃
23. emerging powers 新兴国家
24. declinism 衰落论
25. budget deficits 财政赤字
26. unipolar moment 单极时期
27. intelligence establishment 情报界
28. Watergate affair 水门事
29. private sector私营部门
30. health-care costs 医疗费用
31. human rights 人权
32. parliamentary democracy 议会民主
33. constitutional monarchy 立宪君主
34. political accountability 政治责任
35. head of state 国家元首
36. parliament 议会
37. reigning monarch 执政的君主
38. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦
39. republicanism 共和制
40. racial discrimination种族歧视
41. taxpayer纳税人
42. The Ivy League 常春藤联合会
65.America’s intelligence
establishment 美国情报界

二．缩略词
1. GDP Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值
2. M.B.A. master of business administration 工商管理硕士
3. HBS Harvard business school 哈佛大学商学院
4. COO chief operating officer 运营主管
5. CEO Chief Executive Officer首席执行官或行政主管
6. PM primer minister 首相
7. GE Capital general electric capital 通用电气公司投资部门
8. WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织
9. WTO World Trade Organization 世贸组织
10. EU European union 欧洲联盟
11. IMF international monetary fund
12. MIT Massachusetts institute of technology 麻省理工学院
13. SAT the scholastic assessment test 学业能力评估测验
14. GOP Grand Old Party 老大党
15. NIC National Intelligence Council 国家情报委员会
16.CPPCC Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference中国人民政治协商会议
17.UNESCO United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization
联合国教育，科学及文化组织
L2（Home at last）
1. Why did some of the HBS grads choose to come back to China although they had received lucrative offers from America’s top companies?
Not only has China changed dramatically since most of them left but also the nation can offer more personal freedoms and economic opportunities now than ever before.
2. What profession do they usually like to go in for?
Most of them choose e-commerce
3. Why did most of them choose to take in IT industry?
Because IT is the leading industry now.
4. Why did some of them decide to stay in the US while some chose to come back?
They wanted to gain experience in the States before they came back.
5. What do you think is the biggest obstacle preventing the elite from coming back home?
It is the complicated relationships and uncertainty of our human resource management system.
6.What does the title of this article “Home At Last” mean ?
It means some of the HBS elite have made their final decision to return to China to serve their country.
L3(china finds western ways bring new woes)
1. According to the writer, what is the best way to understand the change that has taken place in China?
The writer thinks that the best way to appreciate how much has changed in china is to examine the people themselves: what they eat and drink now and how dangerously overweight more than one-fifth of adults are.
2. What does the traditional Chinese lifestyle emphasize? what about the western lifestyle? How can this change of lifestyle affect people’s health? How can it influence china’s economic development?
Traditional Chinese lifestyle emphasizes restraint while the western lifestyle emphasizes indulgence. The change from traditional Chinese lifestyle to western indulgence will affect public health strongly: deaths from diet-related illnesses are expected to increase 10 times faster than population growth. And the increase in health care costs could slow down the economic development.
3. What are the two main factors that lead people to gain weight? What has caused the changes in people’s lifestyle and diet?
The two main factors of gaining weight are less exercise and more fat in the diet. The cause of these changes is that people have more money than before. They can afford to buy televisions, stereos, washing machines and refrigerators, which save their labor and make them less active. And more people have taken on more sedentary jobs on assembly lines or in offices,
4. In the writer’s view, is people’s drinking habit influenced by alcohol supplies?
Yes. He believes that increased supplies of alcohol, together with the rising disposable income, have stimulated drinking.
5. Will unhealthy eating and drinking lead to substantial financial costs? Why?
Yes. Unhealthy eating and drinking may cause such diseases as heart attack, stroke and adult-onset diabetes, and the government will have to spend more money to treat these diseases.

L9(Obama makes history)
1、 What are the most important factors that contributed to Obama’s victory in the presidential election?
He has given the US people a reformist message of change and an inspirational exhortation of hope. He is popular among younger and disaffected voters drawn to his rhetorical style, and is supported by a unified base of Democrats worried about the economy and frustrated with the war in Irap.
2、 Has the Democratic Party won a majority of seats in Congress? What does that mean to Democrats?
Yes. It means that the Democrats have returned to the position of dominance and power in Congress.
3、 What are McCain’s and Bush’s attitudes towards Obama’s victory?
McCain delivered a gracious concession speech before his supporters in Phoenix. Bush congratulated Obama and promised to make the transition smooth.
4、 Has Obama accomplished his promise to transform the electoral map? How is that map changed?
Yes, he made good on his pledge to transform the electoral map. He won in places where Republicans had labored for a decade to cultivate a permanent, conservative voter base that they thought would ensure presidential victories.
5、 What characterizes the 2008 presidential election?
It was the longest and most expensive presidential election in US history and it fundementally changed national politics in communication strategy and voter outreach..
6、 What is Cen.Clinton’s attitude towards Obama’s election?
She worked hard for Obama’s election after her defeat in the Democratic nomination and expressed enthusiasm about his victory.
7、 What do you think of the American democracy?
Open.

L11(is America’s new declinism for real )
1. What is the difference between the latest global trends report and the one issued four years ago?
The latest report foresees world in which the US plays a prominent role in global events，but the US is seen as one among many global actors". The report issued four years ago had projected "continuing US dominance".
2. What does "new declinism" mean?
It means that Americans，especially the
intellectuals，think that America is in decline. They have lost the aggressive confidence of the Bush years and the "unipolar moment". It is new because there were times in US history when people had similar thoughts.
3. What are the reasons of the new declinism?
There are three reasons：First，the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have made it clear that US military supremacy does not automatically translate into political victory. Second，the rise of China and India suggests that America’s days as the world’s largest economy are numbered. Third, the financial crisis has fed the notion that the US is living beyond its means and that something is badly wrong with the American model.
4. What does William Wohlforth of Dartmouth College think of the new declinism?
He pointed out that America may recover from the new declinism just like before and there may be a resurgence of American confidence.
5. Why does the writer think that the new declinism may be more soundly based than the previous ones?
Because he thinks that China may pose more challenge to the US than the Soviet Union and Japan since it has a large size and a record of sustained and dynamic economic growth..
6. What do you think of America’s decline? And China’s rise?
Open

L18(a race we can all win)
1. What are the different views between the author and some other American politicians on China? Why does he think so?
Many American politicians have played tovoters’ economic insecurities by scapegoating China，while the author believes that China is not a threat to America，but an incredible opportunity.
Since the author has worked 35 years in the private sector, and has run the nation's largest city for 6 years.
2. What does the author see behind the growing Chinese economy?
Although China emerges as an economic dynamo，the author has also seen the frailties underpinning its system. The increasingly congested roads and polluted air choke its economy and its people. The growth of cities is also exposing other fundamental long-term economic challenges，for instance，the education system is simply not producing enough skilled workers--- engineers，doctors，scientists and mangers. At the same time，health-care costs are skyrocketing.
3. What common problems do both China and America meet? Give an example to illustrate how China is solving these problems.
Both China and America have congestion，pollution，education, and rising health-care costs.
4. Compared with China，what are the advantages for America to solve these problems? Do you agree with the author?
The author advocates that America has a system of government that is far less corrupt and far more stable，owing to American democratic politics，free press and open, transparent markets.
5. In the author's opinion, how can America meet the challenge?
The Americans should prevent themselves from slowing down, which means overcoming the political inertia that has stopped them from investing in the 21st-century infrastructure that they need.
6. Do you agree with the author’s opinions about China and the US? Please illustrate your own views with some examples.
Open.

L19(why the monarchy must stay)
1. What was Mr. Churchill’s view on Britain’s system of government? Do you agree with him?
a. he thought it was the best that man had yet devised though it was imperfect.
b. Open.
2. What role does Queen Elizabeth II play? Can she play a better role than an American president in a sense? Explain.
a. she, as head of state, carries out ceremonial duties, and takes the political accountability while remaining above politics and taking no sides in any political debate.
b. In the author’s view, she can. An American president is also the leader of a political party, so he can’t remain above politics.
3. What power does Queen Elizabeth II have/ does Her Majesty have the real power to choose a prime minister? Why or why not?
a. she can choose a prime minister, dissolve Parliament and declare war.b. No. she is a figurehead bound by the tradition, constitution and laws of the nation. She does it on the advice of Parliament.
4. If the monarchy were abolished, what would things in Britain be like?
The government, Parliament, nation, and Commonwealth would be turned upside down. Every nut and bolt of every one of Britain’s major institutions would have to be altered to make way for change.
5. Do you know any scandals about some members of the royal family? Be specific.
There are a couple of scandals involving the Queen’s sister and children. Apart from Camillagate卡米拉门and Squidgygate鱿鱼门事件, it was reported that Princess Michael ofKent had an affair with oil tycoon John Ward Hunt, a relative of the fabulously wealthy Bunker Hunt of Houston, U. S. A.
6. Why must the monarchy stay? Can it keep a politician from holding all the powers? Do you think the monarchy must go? State the reasons.
a. In the author’s view , it has served both the British Empire and the Commonwealth with great distinction. Besides, it is legitimate and accords with traditions.
b. Yes, it can, but it is not the monarchy but the parliamentary democracy that can keep a politician from holding all the powers and becoming a dictator.
c. It depends. It is the British people that can decide its future.