中考阅读理解满分讲解如何做主旨大意题.ppt

中考英语阅读理解满分突破Zhang Xuejiao英语教育专业硕士FULLSCORESTRATEGYOFREADINGCOMPREHENSIONFORSENIORHIGHSCHOOLENTRANCEEXAMINATION张 雪 娇FULLSCORESTRATEGYOFREADINGCOMPREHENSION2014年2010年安徽英语中考卷：听力听力单项选择单项选择完形填空完形填空补全对话补全对话阅读理解阅读理解写写30203054025 由上表可知，在整张中考英语试卷中，单项分值最高的是阅读理解，每题2分*20,40分。而阅读理解是考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力，要求学生既理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念，即考查学生综合运用所学的语言知识能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等，是中考试卷中考查学生综合能力较强的部分。READINGCOMPREHENSION：命题特点命题特点常见题型常见题型命题趋势命题趋势解题方法解题方法命题特点：命题特点命题特点2014年2010年安徽英语中考阅读理解题材如下：2014年年2013年年2012年年2011年年2010年年A记叙文人物传记Tony wheeler说明文社会现象Work hours记叙文人物传记Leonardo da Vinci说明文科普知识Colors说明文文化差异Culture differenceB说明文社会现象Charities议论文哲理讨论Think creatively记叙文幽默故事Ask the way应用文图表信息记叙文哲理故事talentC应用文广告消息应用文图表信息应用文校园通知应用文书信来往应用文性格测试D说明文科普知识North American black bear说明文科普知识Human brain说明文性格分析Personalities analysis记叙文人物传记Charles Chaplin记叙文人物传记Doctor SeussThreeTypesOfQuestions(题型)：主旨大体题即归纳概括题。难度偏大。要求对整篇文章做出归纳、概括和评价。解题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语断章取义。要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组、句子做出解释。解题时，需要联系上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容才能做出正确答案。主旨大意题词义猜测题细节题既有简单题也有复杂题。通读全文，了解文中所叙诉的重要事实或者细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。根据上下文或整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案；有时甚至还要联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音加以推理才能获得正确答案Example:(within2mins)1HewroteTheCatintheHatattheageof_.A50B53C56D872Theword“siton”inthepassageprobablymean_.AfailtorealizeBforgettouseCtrytodevelopDmanagetoshow3Thepassageismainlyabout_.AbodylanguageinforeignrestaurantsBclassdiscussioninIndianschoolsCmiscommunicationindifferentculturesDEnglishteachinginothercountries4Whichcouldbethebesttitle标题forthepassage?AsinginthebarBachievesuccessinlifeCneverloseheartDfindyourself5Theword“reduce”inthepassageprobablymeans_.A减少B排除C加强D增加6WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoDonnasletter?AThebesttimetostudyisfrom10pmto1am.BWalkingoutsidecanmakeyouremembermore.CItsgoodtotellastudypartneraboutyourfeeling.DItsnecessarytohavearestfor15to20minutesanhour.词义细节词义主旨主旨细节7Thepurposeof2ndparagraphis_.AtowarnyouBtoenjoyitCtowriteitdownDtowriteitforfun8whatcanweinferfromthepassage?AManyworkershavetoworklonghours.BManypeoplehavelongvocations.CWorkhoursarethesamearoundtheworld.DTherearealotofdullpeopleintheworld.9Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A变成B改变C成为D促进10Newton wanted to find out _A when the apple hit him B why the apple fellC who made the apple fell D where the apple fell11Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_.AwecouldaskothersforhelpBeveryoneofotherslikethinkingCitistoseeandhearourthoughtsDthinkinghelpstogetnewideas12HowmanychoicesdoIhave?A1B2C3D4Example:(within2mins)细节词义细节主旨细节细节主旨大意题命题形式：一)中心型(main idea 、subjectsubject、general idea general idea)The passage mainly tells us _ The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?The main idea of the 2nd paragraph is 二)标题型(topic/title/headline)What is the best title for the passage?The The best title for the passage might be Whats the topic of the article？三)目的型(purpose)The purpose of this article is .The passage is meant to .d e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea记叙文：六大要素：who/where/what/when/how/why（谁在哪里做什么，什么时候怎样做的，为什么这样做）高频词（在文章中反复出现）首句、尾句,首段、尾段每一段的开头，划分结构：总-分/总-分-总/分-总(安徽卷安徽卷 2014,80)Tony Wheeler was born to travel.Hisfatherworkedforanairline.Forthefirst16yearsofhislife,Tonyandhisfamilylivedinmanydifferentcountries.In the early 1970s,Tony met a young woman named Maureen.They soonmarriedTheytookayear-longtripfromEngland,throughAsia,toAustralia.WhentheyarrivedinAustralia,peopleaskedmanyquestionsabouttheirtrip.Toanswerthesequestions,TonywroteabookcalledAcross Asia on the cheap.Thebooktoldpeopleaboutdifferentcountriesweather,customs,andplacestosee.He also wrote about unusual things to see and do.The book was verypopular.Tonyandhiswifestartedacompany.Theycontinuedtravelling.Theywrotebooks for each place they visited.Tony Wheeler,the great traveler,still writes about travels to many places and will bring us more surprises.80Thepassagemainlytalksabout_.AagreattravelerandhisbooksBatourofdifferentcountriesCagreatwriterandhisfamilyDdifferentkindsofcompanies80.80.高频词高频词高频词高频词(合肥市瑶海区第二次模拟合肥市瑶海区第二次模拟2014,95)LangLangisafamouspianistandheispopularallovertheworld.Hewasmadea Messenger of Peace by the United Nations(联合国).He got the position onOctober28,2013.LangLangisthefirstMessengerofPeacefromChina.BeingaMessengerofPeaceishighesthonor.ItisLangLanghasbeenaGoodwillAmbassador(亲善大使)forUNICEF(联合国儿童基金会)for10years.AsaMessengerofPeace,hehasaspecialtask:gettingthe57 millions school age children worldwide who arent getting an education intoclassrooms.LangLangsaysthathisnew role ismoreimportantthanhismusicbecauseitcanhelpimprovethelivesofchildrenaroundtheworldthrougheducation.Lang Lang also works with talented students to help them become musician,Headdedthathehopedthathewillhavemorefoundationsallovertheworld.Thenhisdreamcancometrue.95whatsthebesttitleforthepassage?ALangLangsSuccessinMusicBLangLangsEducationExperienceCLangLangsFoundationDLangLangsNewRoleinUN说明文/议论文：高频词（在文章中反复出现）首句、尾句,首段、尾段每一段的开头，划分结构：总-分/总-分-总/分-总(安徽卷安徽卷 2012,95)Inourlife,wemaymeetpersonswithdifferentpersonalities(性格).Whatisyourpersonalitytype(类型)？Readaboutthefollowingandfindout!Adreamerthinksthatisa“right”waytodothings.Thispersonwantstoliveinthe“perfectworld”.Manyaregoodlistenersandlikestohelpothers.Famousdreamers:AngelinaJolie,MohandasGandhi.Apartnerwantstobeinagroup.Forthisperson,rulesareimportant.Theyconsidertraditiontobeofgreatvalue.Famouspartners:QueenElizabeth,MotherTeresa.Forthinkers,understandingthingsisveryimportant.Theyliketodealwithproblems and make new things.Famous thinkers:Bill Gates,StephenHawking.Artistswanttobefree.Theydontwanttofollowtherulesallthetime.Theyalsoliketryingnewthings.Famousartists:Madonna,CristianoRonaldo.95whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?AFamousPeopleBPersonalitiesTypesCPerfectWorldDJobChoices总总-分分(合肥市瑶海区第二次模拟考合肥市瑶海区第二次模拟考2014,90)All parents want to see their children succeed in life.They want theirchildrentohavemorethanwhattheyhad,yetparentsoftenforgettogivetheirchildrenwhattheyhad.Dontforgettoinstructchildrenincharacterdevelopment.Intodayssociety,it is much easier to make children happy than to instruct them in personaldevelopmentskills.Nowadays,parentshavetobebusywiththeirworkinordertomakemoremoneyandgivetheirchildrenabetterlivingenvironment.Theydonthaveenoughtimetoplaywiththeirchildrenorcommunicatewiththem.Soparents can easily offer their children a new toy rather than develop theirchildrensnaturalsenseofcuriosity,whichwillleadtheirchildrenthroughself-learning.Therefore,thebestmethodforparentstoteachtheirchildrenisnotbybuying them things,but by giving them an opportunity to learn more aboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Inthisway,parentscanfinallyteachtheirchildrenthesamehardlessonsthattheyhavelearned,too.90whichisthemainideaofthepassage?ARemembertoinstructchildrenincharacterdevelopment.BAllparentswanttoseetheirchildrensucceedinlife.CDontbuygiftsforchildren.DTeachchildrenthehardlessonsparentshavelearned.以偏盖全以偏盖全过于笼统过于笼统无关信息无关信息(安徽卷安徽卷 2014,84)Letshopemorewisheswillcometrueinthefuture.Peoplewhoworkinthecharityalwaystryforthebest.Almost25,000volunteers(志愿者)help,workorgivemoney.Willyoubeoneofthem?84Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto_.Aexplainwhat“make-a-wish”isBencouragemorepeopletojointhecharityCtellushowChristopherswishcametrueDintroducedifferentkindsofchildrenswishes一)中心型(main idea 、subjectsubject、general idea general idea)The passage mainly tells us _ The passage is mainly about The passage is mainly about二)标题型(topic/title/headline)What is the best title for the passage?Whats the topic of the article？三)目的型(purpose)The purpose of this article is .The passage is meant to .命题趋势命题趋势1 1 文化多样，题材各异，偏重生活文化多样，题材各异，偏重生活2 2 适当增加生词量，考查词义适当增加生词量，考查词义3 3 坚持把阅读技能作为考查目标坚持把阅读技能作为考查目标4 4 干扰项设置水平高干扰项设置水平高