沪教英语五年级上册知识点整理.pdf

12018 学年第一学期五年级期末知识点整理学年第一学期五年级期末知识点整理班级班级_ 姓名姓名_学号学号_I同音字同音字1.to/two/too2.I/eye 3.write/right 4.know/no 5.meet/meat6.here/hear 7.buy/bye/by8.sun/son 9.see/sea/C 10.hi/high11.dear/deer12.where/wear13.some/sum14.four/for15.flower/flour16.our/hour17.pair/pear18.week/weak19.their/there20.aunt/arent21.eye/I22.B/be/bee23.whose/whos24.eight/ate25.red/read(过去式)26.tale/tail27.weight/wait28.weigh/way29.why/yII音近、形近字整理音近、形近字整理1.nine,fine,five 2.night,right,fight,light3.cut,but,shut,bud4.your,you,youre 5.clean,close,clothes 6.hand,head,hard7.bad,bed8.some,son,sun,9.blue,balloon,blow,bowl,bow 10.here,hear,hair11.three,tree 12.tall,ball,tail,four,hall 13.swim,swing,sing14.red,read(过去式)15.kite,cat16.month,mouth,mouse,mice 17.big,pig,pink18.hold,old,cold 19.ant,and,end 20.rubber,rabbit,rubbish 21.now,new22.books,box 23.thin,thing,sing 24.white,write,ride 25.there,where26.green,grey27.work,walk28.twelve,twelfth,twenty29.every,very30.well,will31.laugh,love32.guess,guest33.feel,fell34.thirsty,thirty,thirteen35.full,fall.36.dive,drive37.parent,present38.shirt,short,shorts39.sharp,shark,shall40.count/cant41.7:15/7:45/8:1542.off/of43.quiet/quite44.round/loud/cloud45.path/pass/past 46.foot/food/fruit47.there/their/theyre48.sleepy/asleep49.cross/across50.different/difficult2III反义词反义词/相对应词相对应词1.stand up-sit down2.open-close 3.turn on-turn off4.old-new/young 5.thin-fat/hick6.full-hungry/empty7.short-tall/long8.man-woman 9.boy-girl10.white-black 11.small-big 12.here-there13.warm-cool14.hot-cold 15.happy-sad/unhappy 16.on-under 17.this-that(these-those)18.dirty/untidy-clean/tidy19.sharpblunt20.easy-difficult/hard21.the samedifferent22.fastslow/slowly23.topbottom24.outin25.highlow26.busyfree27.beautiful/pretty-ugly28.strongweak 29.brave-afraid/shy/scared30.early-late31.heavy-light 32.get up-go to bed 33.hate-love/like34.lucky-unlucky 35.luckily-unluckily36.strongly-gently 37.both-neither38.all-none39.too-either40.east-west41.south-north42.many-few43.much-little44.put on-take off45.safe-dangerous46.careful-careless47.finally-first48.begin/start-end/finish49.bring-take50.always-never51.push-pull52.smart-silly/foolish/stupid53.left-right54.correct/rightwrong55.near-far away56.get off-get on57.leave-stay58.sell-buy59.below-above60.get in-get out e-goIV单词特殊变化单词特殊变化A.复数复数1.以 s,x,sh,ch,结尾的单词，加 es:1.bus-buses,2.box-boxes 3.fox-foxes 4.peach-peaches,5.branch-branches2.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词，去 y 变成 ies：1.baby-babies 2.library-libraries 3.butterfly-butterflies3.以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，去 f 或 fe，变 ves：1.leaf-leaves 2.wolf-wolves 3.knife-knives 4.scarf-scarves34.不规则变化:1.mouse-mice 2.sheep-sheep 3.fish-fish 4.deer-deer5.以 o 结尾的单词有生命的+es,无生命的+s，A:potatoes,tomatoes,mangoes,heroes,B:photos,pianos,radios6.不可数名词没有复数形式。单词后不能加 s，前面也不能加 a、an 如 paper,water,milk,jam,hair 等B.形容词、副词比较级的变化规则形容词、副词比较级的变化规则(1)一般在形容词或副词后面直接加er 变为比较级，加est 变为最高级。如：oldolder highhigher(2)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er 变为比较级，加 est 变为最高级。如：bigbigger thinthinner(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，则将改 y 为 i 再加-er 变为比较级，加 est 变为最高级。如：busybusier heavyheavier(4)以字母 e 结尾的单词，直接加 r 变为比较级，加 st 变为最高级。如：largelarger freefreer(5)多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时，则通常在其前加 more 变为比较级，加 most 变为最高级。如：importantmore importantdifficultmore difficult usefulmore useful不规则的比较级不规则的比较级good/wellbetter bad/illworse manymorelittleless oldolder/elder farfarther/furtherC.基数词，序数词和日期表达基数词，序数词和日期表达1st first 2nd second3rd third 5th fifth 9th ninth 12th twelfth20th twentieth21st twenty-first44th forty-fourth99th ninety-ninth100th one hundredth101st one hundred and first5 月月 1 日日：May the first/the first of May (序数词前要加序数词前要加 the)D.形容词转化为副词形容词转化为副词1.副词变化副词变化a.直接+ly:quick-quickly strong-strongly slow-slowlysafe-safely careful-carefully beautiful-beautifully soft-softlyb.y 结尾，变为 ily:thirsty-thirstily heavy-heavily busy-busilyhungry-hungrily happy-happily lucky-luckilyc.去 e+lygentle-gently42.注意事项：副词通常用来修饰动词或形容词注意事项：副词通常用来修饰动词或形容词Eg:In winter,the wind blows strongly.其中 strongly 是用来修饰动词 blow 的。My sister is good at singing.She can sing beautifully.其中 beautifully 是用来修饰动词 sing 的。注：有些特殊的动词不能使用副词，而要使用形容词：注：有些特殊的动词不能使用副词，而要使用形容词：（am,is,are,was,were）(感官动词 smell,taste,sound,feel,touch)(表示变化 turn,get,become,grow)Eg:The wind is strong in winter.这个句子中的动词是 is 因此只能使用形容词 strong.In autumn,the leaves turn yellow and green.句子中的动词 turn 表示变化，因此只能使用形容词 red 和 yellow.V字母的发音规律字母的发音规律/ei/cake,table,plate,Jane,make,face,take,make/jam,hand,fat,bad,sad,has,rabbit,ant,apple,cat,man,/a:/grass,glass,father,pass,fast,class,ask,bathrooma/Want,watch,what/i:/he,she,me,we,Peter,Eva,Chinese,Japanesee/e/pen,ten,red,seven,Ken,yellow,hen/a/kite,like,bicycle,Mike,nice i/i/pig,big,pink,his,with,stick,chick,is,Jim,/hold,photo,old,rose,open,go o/Bonnie,dog,hot,shop,box,orange,office，song/ju:/pupil,tube,music,tuneu/duck,Russ,run,sun,up,summerar/a:/car,park,garden,large,sharp,start,March特殊 ar/:/quarter,warmblue,glueueoo/u:/school,moon,too,noodles,特殊 oo/u/good,cook,foot,look,book,wood,woof,took,shookbird,first,third,thirsty,thirty,girl,purple,nurseirurer/:/nerve,nervous,serve,service,her特殊 er(词尾)/quarter,teacher,waiterbee,meet,sleep,week,these,Chinese,Japaneseee/e-eea/i:/pea,meat,weak,sea特殊 ea/e/head,bread,sweater,weather,breakfast 5/ei/break,great,steakdeer,beer,cheer,eer ear/i/ear,hear,near,dear,tear特殊 ear/e/pear,bear,wear/i/here/e/where易混淆 ere/wereBike,kite,pipe,time,like,pineapple,bite-i-ie/a/pie,tie,die,lie特殊 ie/i:/piece,thief,fieldtoe,hoe,foecoat,goat,boat,oeoao/-o-/go,old,those,nose,hole,post,poster,notice/not,hot,stop,model特殊 o/son,mother,brotherboy,toy,joyoyoi/oil,noise,noisy,voice特殊 io/a/violinloud,round,found,count,mouse,mouthouow/au/how,now,cow,owl特殊 ow/u/blow,grow,bowl,know特殊 ou/country,touch,roughhay,play,grayayai/e/sail,nail,tail,rain,paint常考辅音及辅音连缀常考辅音及辅音连缀/t/chicken,children,cheesech/k/Christmas,chemical(化学的)/b/bird,basketb/Climb,comb,thumb,tomb/k/kitchen,kick,cakek/knock,knife,knight(骑士)/k/cake,Canadac/s/nice,price,niece/g/girl,good,groundg/d/giraffe,orange,fridge/s/sister,smile,s/z/rise,noise,noisy/n/nose,thinn/Think,thank,thing,sing,(n 在 k 或 g 的前面)th/thin,think,than,Maths,month6/this,that,these,those,with,smoothVI人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词人称代词（主格）第一人称第二人称第三人称单数Iyouhe,she,it复数weyouthey人称代词（宾格）第一人称第二人称第三人称单数meyouhim,her,it复数usyouthem注：动宾注：动宾 give me,let us,send him介宾介宾 about you,a picture of her,play with them物主代词（形容词性）第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myyourhis,her,its复数ouryourtheir（重要！背熟！）（重要！背熟！）主格（人称代词）宾格形容词性物主代词(所有格)名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数 Imemyminemyself二单 youyouyouryoursyourself三单 hehimhishishimself三单 sheherherhersherself三单 itititsitsitself第一人称复数 weusouroursourselves二复 youyouyouryoursyourselves三复 theythemtheirtheirsthemselvesVII固定搭配和语法要点固定搭配和语法要点1.like to do eg,I like to swim this afternoon.would like to do eg:would like to do 相当于 want to do，其后不能加 doinglike doing eg,I like swimming in the sea.2.hate to do eg,Most students hate to do any of their homeworkhate doing eg:I hate typing letters.Its boring.3.let sb do sth eg,Let them clean the classroom.let sb go doing sth.Let them go singing.4.want to do sth.eg,The princess wants to buy a pretty dresswant to be eg,She wants to be a cook.want sth eg,He wanted apples.5.like+可数名词（复数）eg,We like beautiful flowers.like+不可数名词（单数）eg,They like drinking water.6.be afraid of sth eg,They are afraid of spidersbe afraid of doing sth eg,She was afraid of watching horror movies.be afraid to do sth.eg,Im afraid to walk there,its too high.77.Be good at sthBe good at doing sth.8.different/count/How many/two/like+可数名词（复数）9.some+可数名词（复数）eg,She has some potatoes in the kitchen.some 在一般疑问句一般疑问句和否定句否定句转换成 any May I have some?在希望得到对方肯定回答时 some 不用变同理：Would you like some?DO you want some?10.Can,could,may,might,ought to,must,will,would shall,should+动词原形11.助动词 do,dont;does,doesnt;did,didnt+动词原形12.Will,be going to+动词原形13.Make sb do sth.Let sb.do sth.14.there be 就近原则15.修饰 something,anything,nothing 的形容词应该放在此类词后，叫做形容词后置形容词后置如：Her father wont let her do anything interesting.Something dangerous,nothing fun16.Whats this/that?用 Its 回答。What are these/those?用 Theyre回答。17.球类名词前零冠词。Play football,play basketball.三餐前零冠词 have breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper季节前零冠词 in spring/summer/autumn/winter西洋乐器前一定要加冠词 the,play the piano,play the violin.江河湖海和山脉前要加 the,the Yangtze River,the West Lake,the Yellow Mountain18.In the east/south/west/north19.on the farm,on the tree 长树上,in the tree 挂树上20.be full of sth 装满，充满某物 The park is full of people.Those baskets are full of food.(动词看主语)21.feedwithMother Duck feeds her baby with some worms.stay with sb.play with sb.22.drive sb.away23.the Spring Festival,Childrens Day,National Day 以 festival 结尾的节日加 the,以day 结尾的不加 theFestival 的节日前介词用 at,Day 的节日介词用 on e.g.at the Mid-autumn Festival,on Childrens Day24.In the morning 泛指在早晨用 in，在某一个特指的早晨用 on：on a sunny morning25.In the school 在学校 at school 上课26.be late for schoola carnation/present for you827.exciting adj.(游戏、比赛等)令人刺激的The game is exciting.Excited.Adj.感到刺激的 I feel so excited.28.The pair of shoes is nice.动词用什么形式取决于量词结构。The big bottles of juice are cheap.29.Ask sb.(not)to do sth 让某人（别）做某事Tell sb(not)to do sth 告诉某人（别）做某事30.1I go to school on foot.=I walk to school.2I go to school by bike.=I ride a bike to school.3I go to Hong Kong by plane/air.=I take a plane to Hong Kong.=I fly to Hong Kong.4 I go to the cinema by taxi/bus/underground/=I take a/an taxi/bus/underground/to the cinema.31.finish doing sthenjoy doing sth.32.arrive in Beijing(大地方)，arrive at the swimming pool(小地方)reach Beijing（reach 后直接跟地点）33.问职业的两种方法：What is your father?What does your father do?What are you?What do you do?34.问感觉的两种方法：How does the desk feel?How is the desk?How do you feel?How are you?35.问价格的两种方法：How much are the potatoes?How much do the potatoes cost?How much is the fish?How much does the fish cost?36.问频率（once，twice,three times,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never）How often/How many times How often do you go to the cinema?How many times a month do you visit your grandparents?37.On ones way home，on ones way to school 在某人回家、上学的路上 On Kittys way home,she met a big bad wolf.On their way to school,they helped an old lady cross the road.38.Help sb do sth=help sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb.with sth 在什么方面帮助某人：Sunny helps Allen with his English.39.It takes sb.Some time to do sth.花某人多少时间做某事，用 it 做形式主语。It took Sandy two hours to do his homework.40.Sb.Spend some time on sth.某人花费多少时间在某事上e.g.Mark spent one and half an hour on homework last weekends.Mark 上周末花了一个半小时在作业上。41.Sb.Spend some time in doing sth.某人花费多少时间做某事e.g.Mark spent one and half an hour in doing homework last weekends.Mark 上周末花了一个半小时做作业。VIII改变句型改变句型五种句子类型五种句子类型91、To be(am,is,are/was,were)2、There be(there is/was,there are/were)3、含有 can,may must,should,will 等情态动词的句型4、To have(have,has,had)5、To do(do 原型,does 单三,did 过去式)四种时态四种时态一般现在时：一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。We usually go to school at 7:30.Jack likes Chinese food very much.在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用一般现在时：everyday/week/year;often/always/usually/sometimes/never;on Sundays现在进行时：现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。We are waiting for you.Listen!She is singing an English song.在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用现在进行时：look/listen/now;its 8:00;对话状态，如-Where is your father?-Hes washing his car in the garden.一般过去时：一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；I was late yesterday.Mr.Smith bought a new car last week.在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用一般过去时：yesterday;just now;ten minutes/five years ago;last night/week/year;this morning一般将来时一般将来时:一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow（明天），next week（下周）；in the future（将来）this coming Saturday,at once(立刻)等。一般将来时由助动词 shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）动词原形构成。美式英语则不管什么人称，一律用 will。They will go for a summer camp next Sunday.Will Peter do his homework at once.My family wont go to Beijing tomorrow.10反意疑问句和选择疑问句反意疑问句和选择疑问句:反义反义疑问句疑问句表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。He looks unhappy,doesnt he?They work hard,dont they?He is kind to his classmates,isnt he?They will watch a football match,wont they?选择疑问句选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式。以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础，只是在语调上有所区别。这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用升调，后一个用降调；如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升调。(to be)Is she a housewife or a nurse?(there be)Are there any oranges or tomatoes in the fridge?(can,may,must)Can you or Peter help the old lady cross the road?(to have)Has Alice got a cake or a pizza?(to do)Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs?(to do 将来时)Will Sammy go to the park or go to the cinema?1.To be 句型改句句型改句Eg:He is nine years old.改否定句:He is not/isnt nine years old.改一般疑问句:Is he nine years old?改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）1Who is nine years old?2How old is he?改一般过去时：He was nine years old.(Was he nine years old?How old was he?)改反意疑问句：He is nine years old,isnt he?改选择疑问句：1 Is he nine or ten years old?2 Is he or she nine years old?2.There be 句型改句句型改句Eg:There are some chocolates in the box.改否定句 There are not/arent any chocolates in the box.改一般疑问句 Are there any chocolates in the box?11改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）Whats in the box?改一般过去时：There were some chocolates in the box.(Were there any chocolates in the box?There werent any chocolates in the box.What was in the chocolate box?)改反意疑问句：There are some chocolates in the box,arent there?改选择疑问句：1 Are there any chocolates or candies in the box?2 Are there any chocolates in the box or on the table?3.Can may must 句型改句句型改句Eg:Gogo can climb down the tree.改否定句 Gogo can not/cant climb down the tree.改一般疑问句 Can Gogo climb down the tree?改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）1Who can climb down the tree?2 What can Gogo do?改一般过去时：Gogo could climb down the tree.(Could Gogo climb down the tree?Gogo couldnt climb down the tree.What could Gogo do?)改反意疑问句：Gogo can climb down the tree,cant he?改选择疑问句：1 Can Gogo climb down the tree or the hill?2 Can Gogo or Tony climb down the tree?4.To have 句型改句句型改句Eg:The ladybird has a pair of beautiful wings.改否定句 The ladybird has not/hasnt a pair of beautiful wings.改一般疑问句 Has the ladybird a pair of beautiful wings?改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）What has the ladybird?改一般过去时：The ladybird had a pair of beautiful wings改反意疑问句：The ladybird has a pair of beautiful wings,hasnt it?改选择疑问句：1 Has the ladybird a pair of beautiful wings or feelers?2 Has the ladybird or the butterfly a pair of beautiful wings?125.To do 句型改句句型改句Eg:Sam comes home at six oclock every day.改否定句 Sam doesnt come home at six oclock every day.改一般疑问句 Does Sam come home at six oclock every day?改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）What time does Sam come home?改一般过去时：Sam came home at six oclock yesterday.(Did Sam come home at six oclock yesterday?Sam didnt come at six oclock yesterday.When did Sam come home?)改反意疑问句：Sam comes home at six oclock every day,doesnt he?改选择疑问句：1 Does Sam come home at six oclock or seven oclock?2 Does Sam or Tom come home at six oclock?