初中英语语法---形容词和副词(含练习).pdf

1专题复习专题复习-形容词和副词（一）形容词和副词（一）一、一、形容词的构成及其用法形容词的构成及其用法用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Eg.Those big moon cakes are delicious.(作表语)Eg.There are many beautiful flowers in the park.(作定语)1.修饰词尾为修饰词尾为-body/-one;-thing 不定代词时，必须放在其后。不定代词时，必须放在其后。Eg.Theres nothing wrong with my bike.Eg.Please give me something delicious to eat.Eg.Anybody clever cant do such stupid things.2.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：数词数词+名词名词+形容词形容词 12 years old/8meters long/3 meters wide/100 kilometers high/1.8meters tall Eg.Its a river 6 meters deep.Eg.Thats a road 300 kilometers long.Eg.The young man is 1.8 meters tall.3.系动词（系动词（look,sound,smell,taste,feel）之后要接形容词）之后要接形容词Eg.The soup tastes nice.Eg.They all looked very happy after hearing the good news.4.ing 形容词和形容词和-ed 形容词的区别形容词的区别-ed 形容词通常用来形容人，而形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing 形容词通常用来形容事或物形容词通常用来形容事或物如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed(某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松disappointing/exciting/interesting/surprising/boring/amazing/relaxing（某事）令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的5.“the+部分形容词部分形容词”表示表示“一类人一类人”the young the old the rich the poor二、二、副词的构成和用法。副词的构成和用法。副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。副词的构成形式主要有两大类：1.单词本身就是副词。例如：often,now,always,then,yesterday,today,much,very,a bit,so,here,there,等22.大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的，其构成方法见下表：大多数形容词直接加-lybad-badly;careful-carefully以-y 结尾的形容词变-y 为-i,再加 lyeasy-easily;busy-busily以 le 结尾的形容词去掉-e,再加-yterrible-terribly;gentle-gently以辅音+e 结尾的形容词直接加-lynice-nicely;safe-safely以元音+e 结尾的形容词去掉-e,再加-lytrue-truly注意：注意：(1)形容词形容词 good 的副词形式是的副词形式是 well (2)high;fast;late;early 等形容词和副词同形等形容词和副词同形 (3)有些以有些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的友好的)；lovely(可爱的可爱的)；lively（生动的）（生动的）；ugly（丑陋的）（丑陋的）；lonely（孤独的；（孤独的；寂寞的）寂寞的）3.enough(足够的；足够地足够的；足够地)：当：当 enough 修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。Eg:We have enough food to eat.Eg.The clothes are soft enough for you to wear.4.易混词辨析易混词辨析1）hard 和和 hardlyhard 作作“艰辛的，坚硬的艰辛的，坚硬的”时是形容词；作时是形容词；作“努力地，辛苦地努力地，辛苦地”是副词是副词 hardly 意为意为“几乎不几乎不”，只能作副词，只能作副词 eg.The diamond is very hard.The old man lived a hard life in the past.Mary works very hard,but his brother is very lazy and he hardly works.2）alone 和和 lonely alone 意为意为“单独地，独自地单独地，独自地”，作副词，强调客观事实，作副词，强调客观事实 lonely 意为意为“寂寞的，孤独的寂寞的，孤独的”作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩 eg.The old lady lives alone,but she never feels lonely.课堂练习：课堂练习：Task1:翻译短语。翻译短语。1.忙碌的一天 2.回家晚 3.仔细地书写 4.一本有趣的书 5.非常喜欢 6.美丽的花 7.刚才 8.立即 9.九个新学生 10.静静地坐着 11.起床早 12.度长假 13.快乐的女孩 14.大大的蓝色眼睛 Task2:用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空.1.Ken is _ in playing football,he thinks football is _.(interest)32.I feel very _ now,doing nothing at home is _.(bore)3.I feel _ at the _ news.(disappoint)4.We will make you _ by the _ hairstyle.(excite)5.You will be _ by reading this _ film.(relax)6.We all felt _ when we heard of the _ news.(surprise)7.I wont feel if I dont find answers.(satisfy)Task3:单项选择。单项选择。1.We are .Because his story is not .A.tired;old B.sleepy(欲睡的);interesting C.hungry;delicious D.happy;interesting2.Its very .Please close the door and the windows.A.cold B.hot C.warm D.expensive3.Jack went to school .His parents were angry.A.late B.early C.well D.soon4.The children are sleeping.Please walk .A.fast B.beautifully C.quiet D.quietly5.Tom goes to the zoo.The dogs there know him.A.soon B.often C.carefully D.kind6.Its summer.Autumn is coming .A.very much B.just now C.tomorrow D.soon7.This river is .A.500 meter long B.500 meters long C.500 long meters D.500 long meter8.Is this a photo of your daughter?She looks in the pink dress!A.lovely B.quietly C.politely D.happily9.The question is for you to answer.A.enough easy B.enough easily C.easy enough D.easily enough10.The ice in the lake is about one meter .Its strong enough to skate on.A.long B.high C.thick D.wide11.I have to do today.A.anything important B.something important C.important nothing D.important something12.Pass my glasses to me,Jack.Because I can read the words in the newspaper.A.hardly B.really C.clearly D.nearly13.The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel .A.lonely B.alone C.happily D.friendly14.We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining .A.badly B.hardly C.strongly D.heavily15.He looked at it again.A.care B.carefulness C.careful D.carefully4课后练习：课后练习：Task1:根据句意及所给提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。根据句意及所给提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.The little girl is crying (sad).2.Simon is a good car salesman.He can sell cars very (good).3.Your math is not very good.You should study it (hard).4.Do you see the girl over there?She can dance (beautiful).5.We saw many different birds in the park and we learn to tell people about them (correct).Task2:选择形容词或副词（划线部分）选择形容词或副词（划线部分），连词成句。，连词成句。1.The birds;nice/nicely;sing 2.soft/softly;she;the door;closed 3.speak;fluent/fluently;three languages;can;she 4.careful/carefully;write your report;please 5.Mr Zhang;in;working;busy/busily;the office;is Task3:单项选择。单项选择。1.-Mr Smith,would you please speak a little more?-Sorry!I thought you would follow me.A.slowly B.politely C.seriously D.clearly2.-Your coffee smells .-Thank you.I made it by myself.Would you like to taste it?A.well B.sweet C.nicely D.bad3.The shoes sell ,because they are in quality.A.good;well B.good;good C.well;well D.well;good4.He is a worker and does everything .A.careful;careful B.carefully;carefully C.carefully;careful D.careful;carefully5.Remember not to speak when we are in the reading room.A.fast B.slowly C.politely D.loudly6.The Internet is very useful for us.We can find information .A.easy B.easily C.excitedly D.angrily7.It was very in the classroom,so the teacher had to walk .A.quiet;quietly B.quietly;quiet C.quiet;quiet D.quietly;quietly8.The meat smells .Youd better throw it away.A.badly B.bad C.good D.well9.We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so .5 A.well B.nice C.wonderfully D.nicely10.-Your father doesnt look .Hes looking at you.Whats wrong?-Ive broken his vase.A.happy;angry B.happily;angrily C.happy;angrily D.happily;angry11.The young lady walked into the room in order not to wake up the baby.A.quickly B.quietly C.slowly D.hurriedly12.-Dont worry.My mother will look after your baby .-Thanks a lot.A.careful enough B.enough careful C.enough careful D.carefully enough专题复习专题复习-形容词和副词形容词和副词(二二)三、三、形容词和副词比较等级的构成：形容词和副词比较等级的构成：(重点重点)1.规则变化：规则变化：1）一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er 或或-est 如：long-longer-longest;fast-faster-fastest;high-higher-highest;strong-stronger-strongest2)以字母以字母 e 结尾的词，直接加结尾的词，直接加-r 或者或者-st 如：wide-wider-widest;nice-nicer-nicest;large-larger-largest3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，变结尾的词，变 y 为为 i,再加再加-er 或或-est 如：happy-happier-happiest;easy-easier-easiest;busy-busier-busiest4)以以“辅辅-元元-辅辅”结构结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加结构结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er 或或-est 如：hot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest5)部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加 more 或或 most 如：useful-more useful-most useful helpful-more helpful-most helpful beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful expensive-more expensive-most expensivedifficult-more difficult-most difficultimportant-more important-most important2.不规则变化：不规则变化：口诀：多好与一点点坏；相差很远加一老口诀：多好与一点点坏；相差很远加一老many/much-more-mostgood/well-better-bestlittle-less-leastbad-worse-worstfar-farther-farthest/far-further-furthest注意：farther/farthest-表示实际距离，意为：“更远的/最远的”Eg.I cant walk any farther.further/furthest-表示抽象距离，意为：“更进一步/最深层次的”6 eg.further talk/communicationold-older-oldest/old-older-oldestolder/oldest:表示年龄上的大小，而 elder/eldest 表示辈份上的大小eg.He is five years older than me.eg.elder sister/brother四、四、形容词和副词的等级用法：（重难点）形容词和副词的等级用法：（重难点）1.原级的用法：肯定句：A+谓语+as+adj 原级原级+as+B 表示“A 与 B 一样”Eg.Mary is as tall as Lily.Eg.This room is as wide as that one.否定句：A+谓语+not+as/so+adj 原级原级+as+B 表示“A 不如 B”Eg.Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.拓展：与比较级进行转换：=Mary is shorter than Lily.=Lily is taller than Mary.2.比较级的用法：两者之间进行比较，than 是比较级的标志是比较级的标志 1）A+谓语+比较级+than+B 表示“A 比 B 更”Eg.This room is bigger than that one.2)Who/Which+谓语+比较级，A or B?表示“A 或 B 哪个更”Eg.Who is more beautiful?Lily or Lucy?Eg.Which tastes better?apple or orange?3)+be+the+比较级比较级+of the two.Eg.Moli is the better of the two girls.4)单音节词：比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越”双音节词：more and more+adj/adv 原级 表示“越来越”Eg.Grandpa is getting older and older.Eg.Sara is turning more and more beautiful.5)the+比较级，the+比较级 表示“越，越”eg.The more,the better.Eg.The happier he is,the healthier he will be.注意：比较级前可以用注意：比较级前可以用 much;a little;far;even;a lot;any 等修饰，而等修饰，而 very;too;quite 等词不能修饰比较级。等词不能修饰比较级。3.最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的比较用最高级，表示“最”，形容词最高级前面的“the”绝对不可以省略，而副词最高级前的“the”可以省略。1）the+最高级+of/in,of 后接数字，in 后接范围 注意：此句型中注意：此句型中 of 与与 in 是要用最高级的标志是要用最高级的标志 Eg.He is the tallest of the three/four/five/all.Eg.He is the tallest in his class.2)Who/Which+谓语+最高级，A or B or C?Eg.Who is the best?Susan,Linda or Mandy?73）+be+one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“最之一”Eg.Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.4)the+序数词+最高级 表示“第几的”Eg.He is the second tallest student in his class.Eg.She is the third youngest lady in the group.4.原级，比较级和最高级之间的转换。1）原级和比较级之间的转换Eg.Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.=Mary is shorter than Lily.=Lily is taller than Mary.2)最高级和比较级之间的转换He is the tallest boy in his class.=He is taller than any other boy in his class.=He is taller than the other boys in his class.课堂练习：课堂练习：Task 1:写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。short nice heavy useful hot many little good well cold small big much busy bad old far beautiful important carefully Task 2:用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.You should practice as (much)as you can.2.He is (young)than his two sisters.3.The patient is (well)than before.4.She is one of the (tall)girls in her class.5.An ocean is (large)than a sea.6.The market is (dirty)than the supermarket.7.Which do you like (well),English or Physics?8.Summer is the (hot)season of the year.9.Who is the (short),Lily,Ann or Molly?10.I think Tom is the (good)of the three.8Task 3:单项选择单项选择1.Welcome to our hotel.Its in the city.A.good B.better C.best D.the best2.Because of the Internet,we can get information than before.A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.more fast3.The athlete is getting older and older and cannot jump as as he did before.A.high B.higher C.highest D.much higher4.He speaks English than any other student in his class.A.best B.good C.well D.better5.Of all the apples in the basket,this one is .A.the reddest B.redder C.reddest D.the redder6.My bike is as as Lucys.You can use either of them.A.as better as B.as good as C.as well as D.as best as7.Which is the ,the train station,the bus station or the airport?A.far B.farthest C.farther D.more far8.January is month in Beijing,but it is different in Australia.A.cold B.colder C.coldest D.the coldest9.The ice in the lake is as as it was before.A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest D.the thinnest10.-Its winter now.The days are getting .-Yes.We have to start early.A.more and more long B.longer and longer C.more and more short D.shorter and shorter11.Canada is the second country in the world.A.large B.larger C.largest D.more larger12.-Which is season in Shenzhen?-Maybe it is summer.Its often too hot to go out.A.worst B.the worst C.best D.the best13.He is the cleverest boy the three.A.at B.of C.from D.in 14.I hope to receive your letter as as possible.A.quick B.quickly C.high D.highly15.In Shenzhen,it is hot in July,but its even in August.A.hot B.hoter B.hotter D.hottest课后练习：课后练习：Task 1:写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。1.wonderful 2.tall 3.bad 4.little 5.few 6.good 7.many 8.well 9.much 10.easy 9Task 2:单项选择。单项选择。1.I think this card is than that one.A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.the nicest2.Zhang Ming ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.A.so B.much C.very D.too3.Sorry,I took your MP4 by mistake.Ill be careful next time.A.most B.more C.much D.many4.In the exam,the more careful you are,mistakes you will make.A.the fewer B.the fewest C.the less D.the least5.I love Shenzhen because it is becoming .A.more and more beautiful B.beautiful and beautiful C.clean and clean D.more and more clean6.The film is one Ive ever seen.A.more exciting B.exciting C.the most exciting D.most exciting7.Kelly thinks Chinese is much .A.more useful B.useful C.the most useful D.most useful8.The dress looked as as that one.A.more beautiful B.beautiful C.the most beautiful D.beautifully9.The bag is even than that one.A.cheap B.more cheaper C.cheaper D.the cheapest10.The weather is getting .A.more and more dry B.more drier C.drier and drier D.much more drier11.The man looks his brother.A.taller than B.as taller as C.as tallest as D.the tallest of 12.Tony is in math than Chinese.A.interested B.more interested C.interesting D.more interesting13.Jack is shorter than in his class.A.any student B.anybody C.other students D.the other students14.An elephant is twice as as a horse.A.bigger B.biggest C.big D.more big15.This is hotel in our hometown.A.good B.better C.the best D.best16.The Yellow River is the second river in our country.A.longer B.longest C.the longest D.long