英语阅读理解技巧事实细节题省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,英语阅读了解技巧(事实细节题),Strategies for,Questions,of Details,in Reading Comprehension,第1页,Instructional,objectives,:,1.Know about the,requirements,of reading comprehension in the NEMT,2.Learn different,question types,.,3.Learn the,strategies(,策略,),of details in reading comprehension and thus summarize them.,4.,Tell the,right,answers from,distracters(,干扰项,),Emotional Goals,:,Enforce,your solution ability,by practicing more,第2页,Requirements of reading comprehension in the NEMT,高考纲领之阅读,考查考生阅读了解不一样文体语篇能力，如书、报、杂志、网络中关于普通性话题文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超出,3,），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：,、了解主旨和要义；,、获取详细信息；,、依据语境猜测词义；,、依据语境推理判断；,、了解作者意图、观点或态度；,、把握文章逻辑和结构,。,第3页,重庆高考,细节题,近,5,年概况：,6,题,12,分,8,题,16,分,6,题,12,分,6,题,12,分,7,题,14,分,12-16 scores 33%,第4页,细节题类型,1 wh,细节题,2,是非题,3,排序题,4,图表题,5,计算题,6,其它题,Question types,：,第5页,Question type 1:Wh-,细节题,即以,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,等疑问词开头提问短文详细内容。,what,who,when,where,how,why,1.,概念,which,Step,第6页,2 Wh,细节题常见考题形式有：,How/When/Why did something happen?,Which of the following should people do it?,Where should somebody do something?,-According to the text/From the text,why/when/where/how/what/who.?,.,第7页,1,）先读题。找准问题中,关键词,，利用信息定位，利用,略读和查读,技巧快速在文章中寻找相关出处。,2,）,对比,所找信息中所找,词汇,，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。,3,解题方法和步骤：,第8页,1),Not long ago,m,y wife,PJ,and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.,Q:,Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?,A.To take special kinds of food,B.To respond to climate change.,C.To lose weight,D.To improve their health,近义词,because,due to.to do,4 Practice,就近标准：不推比推好，推得近比推得远好,第9页,2)(,湖北,E,篇,)Surprisingly,compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes,respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also,the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.,Q:How do people of higher income see their future?,A.They will earn less money.,B.They will become pessimistic.,C.They will suffer mental illness.,D.They will have less time to enjoy life.,词性改变,high/low income,就近标准：不推比推好，推得近比推得远好,第10页,3),(,全国,卷,C,篇,),Last night I was driving,from Harrisburg to Lewisburg,，,distance of,about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I,got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a,narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I became increasingly impatient.,Q:Why did the author get impatient while driving?,He was lonely on the road.,He was slowed down by a truck.,He got tired of driving too long.,D.He came across too many traffic lights.,语言简化,/,归纳总结,patient,patience.,第11页,1,）先读题。找准问题中,关键词,，利用信息定位，利用,略读和查读,技巧快速在文章中寻找相关住处。,2,）,对比,所找信息中所找,词汇,，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。,4,请利用刚才技巧分组练习,第12页,正确选项特点与概括,:,(,事实细节题考点,),_,把原文中一些词换成,近义词,反义词等。,_,把原文中一些,词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子,语态，给考生制造障碍,。,_,把原文中复杂,语言现象进行简化，长话短说，成为正确,答案。,替换关键词,词性或者语态改变,语言简化,/,总结归纳,第13页,1),、（,辽宁,A,篇）,Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year,Ive found the opposite is true.There are millions of cars.However,people still use their bicycles to get around.For many,its the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.Bicycles also come in different colors-silver,green,red,blue,yellow,whatever you want.,Q:According to the author,why are bicycles still popular in China today?,A.Because they are traditional and safe.,B.Because they are convenient and inexpensive.,C.Because they are colorful and available.,D.Because they are fast and environment friendly.,近义词,第14页,2)(,重庆,年高考,C,篇,)The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while,though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.,64.What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?,A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.,B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.,C.Animals were a good means of transport.,D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.,语言简化,/,归纳总结,第15页,3,）,(,山东,A,篇,)Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate,磷酸盐,was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By,Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.,59.Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A.Its leaders misused the money,B.It spent too much repairing the island,C.Its phosphate(,磷酸盐,)mining cost much money,D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.,语言简化,economy,money,cost,expenses,第16页,4)(,全国,)Software Trainer,If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training,you could be the person we are looking for.You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing.You will be allowed to make you own decisions,and to design courses as well as present them.Pay upwards of 15,000 pounds for the right person.Please apply by sending you CV(,简历,)to Mrs.R.Lglivie,Palmlace Limited.,第17页,Q:What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?,A.One with GCSE grade C level.,B.One with some office experience.,C.One having good computer knowledge.,D.One trained in producing music programme.,无中生有,无中生有,正误并存,第18页,1,常见设问方式：三对一错或三错一对,1,）,Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?,2)All of the following statements may be true/false except _.,Which of the following is not the result of.?,Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?,Step,是非题,第19页,_,。即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。,项。,2,解题方法：,原文定位法,第20页,Enlisted,（征募）,in the army in 1997,Liu was an experienced pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience and the deputy head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force before being enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in May.She is now an air force major.,3 Practice,第21页,Q:Which of the following is TRUE about Liu Yang from the passage?,Liu once was head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force.,Liu has become an air force major in 1997.,She was enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in.,After three years of training Liu was selected as a candidate.,删减细节,/,缩小范围,正误并存,now,第22页,_,显著不是文章信息，与文中事实相反或不符,4,干扰项特点,正误并存,扩大,(,缩小,),范围,偷换概念,以偏概全,无中生有,_,信息部分正确，部分错误,_,是原文信息，但有意增加或降低细节,_,符合常识，但不是文章内容,_,与原句内容极为相同，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动,_,是原文信息，但不是题干要求内容,答非所问,第23页,1,）,(,年广东,C,篇,),Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Feveris one of the most common symptoms.,5,分组练习,第24页,Q:,Which of the following statements is,NOT,true?,A.Food when poisoned can make people sick.,B.Food poisoning means death.,C.Food poisoning comes in varieties.,D.Food poisoning can be serious.,以偏概全,Food poisoning is usually not serious,but,some,types are,deadly,.,第25页,有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，必定”,(,要留心选项中诸如,all,absolutely,only,never,completely,definitely,等词,),，把抽象说成详细，或者把人名、地名、时间等,张冠李戴,，误串起来，从而组成形是实非干扰项。,注意“陷阱”：,第26页,2)(,河南质检,)It is easy to find organic mulch(,覆盖,)materials.Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used.Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants.Mulch from newspapers works well in controlling weeds.,4.The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT _.,A.Tree barks B.cut-up leaves,C.grass cuttings D.plastic,第27页,3(,山西高三质检,),Traditionally,people have drunk bottled water to health reasons.The practice of“taking the waters”originated with the Roans,who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body.Across Europe,drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with power to cure various diseases.,第28页,Q:Which of the following statements is TRUE?,A Bottled water was once drunk both by the rich and the poor.,B.Bottled water sales have risen,for its cheaper than tap water.,C.Europeans believed in the power of treatment of mineral water.,D.Americans have had the habit of drinking bottled water for long.,词性转化,无中生有,Across Europe,drinking or bathing in mineral,water has been associated with power to,cure,various diseases.,第29页,4)(,合肥质检,)The new technology has produced various options for students.College Booksellers,which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide,is now marketing its new software application,which allows students to read e-textbooks on PCs.The company introduced the free application last summer in the hope of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks.“Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it.”said the companys vice president.,第30页,Q:Which of the following is NOT true according to this paragraph?,A.College Booksellers operates more than 600 bookstores in campus.,B.The free application was introduced to increase sales of elctronic textbooks.,C.Campus students now fancy a try of the free software application.,D.The companys management still has to do more to sell the e-textbooks.,want,Now the biggest,barrier,is getting them to try it,第31页,summary,Wh-,细节题解题方法,1,找题干中关键词，用略读和查读方法锁定出处。,2,对比词汇，仔细分析题干和原文共同点和差异。,是非题解题方法：原文定位法,第32页,正确选项特征,替换关键词,词性改变,语言简化,/,总结归纳,第33页,错,误选项特征,1,正误并存,2,扩大,/,缩小范围,3,无中生有,4,以偏概全,5,偷换概念,6,答非所问,第34页,做阅读了解细节题，除了掌握技巧以外，最主要是要有足够词汇量，辅以语法知识，认真分析，仔细思索，才能得高分。不然，只是舍本逐末。,第35页,Practice makes perfect!,May you succeed in your studies!,Thank you!,第36页,事实细节题解题技巧,1.,若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后内容，然后与选项查对。,2.,在出现一些关键词，如,however,、,but,、,moreover,、,therefore,、,thus,时，要尤其注意句子前后意义转折，递进，因果等关系。,3.,细节题答案普通是同义替换项或者同义转换项,summary,第37页,4.选项中有绝对语气词普通不是答案。如：must,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。,5.注意选项中副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,all,never，few 等存在程度不一样，经常被偷换，往往被忽略。,6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容二分之一相符，二分之一不一样；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.,第38页,解题方法：首尾定位法,+,排除法,即：先找出最先发生事和最终发生事，经过排除法快速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确答案。,Question type 1:,排序题,第39页,B,篇,Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found anewrecipe of success.According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly probable that the two pets will get alongswimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reporteda positive relationshipbetween their cat and dog.,However,it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25%of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.For example,when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression,while a dog doing the same signals submission.,In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully,researchers observed a surprising behaviour.They are learning how to talk each others language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog,and dogs can learn how to talk Cat.,Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.,They can learn how to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language,cats and dogs can play together,greet each other nose to nose,and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(,梳理,)each other.,The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along,including neighbors,colleagues at work,and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along,surely people have a good chance.,第40页,32.Some cats and dogs may fight when _.,they are cold to each other,B.they look away from each other,C.they misunderstood each others signals,D.they are introduced at an early age,33.What is found surprising about cats and dogs?,They eat and sleep each other.,B.They observe each others behaviors.,C.They learn to speak each others language.,D.They know something from each others voices.,第41页,34.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _,A.have common interests,B.are less different than was thought,C.have a common body language,D.are less intelligent than was expected,_,第42页,A26,In the animal kingdom,weakness can bring about aggression in other animal.This sometimes happens with humans also.ButI have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me,pour cream into my coffee,or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that,it makes them happy,.,第一段,细节归纳,_,_,_,it makes them happy,第43页,A27,From my wheelchair experience,I see the best in people,but,sometimesI feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily.They dont get to see this soft side of others.Often,we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness,which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.,第二段,_,_,_,转折处常考,因果关系处常考,第44页,A29,Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.,But,those are few and far between.More often,it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weakor pretend that we are brave when we are scared.,第六段,_,_,_,_,第45页,A28,When I put on my flashlights,I was saying to other drivers,“I have a problem here.I am weak and doing the best I can.”And everyone understood.Several times,I saw drivers who wanted to pass.They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic.,But,instead of getting impatient and angry,they waited,knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.,第五段,_,_,_,转折处常考,_,第46页,The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while,though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.,64.What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?,A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.,B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.,C.Animals were a good means of transport.,D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.,【,解析,】,依据文章第二段最终一句话,This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around,可知运输轮子很长时间没有流行一个原因可能是动物充当了很好交通工具。,第47页,In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul.She won bronze in the 400 metres.Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona.Paralympics.Tanni won gold in the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,setting two world record