高考语文古文化常识整理.doc

动词类：
　　1. “看” ：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV;
　　2. “说” ：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; cha; repea; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain
　　3. “叫” ：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel
　　4. “问” ：ask; interview; express; question
　　5. “答”：answer; respond; reply
　　6. “听”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear
　　7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing
　　8. “哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying
　　9. “吃/喝” ：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to
　　10. “穿” ：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make-up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove
　　11. “行” ：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl
　　12. “坐” ：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat/ stand; lean
　　13. “睡/休息” ：lie /on one’s back/on one side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest
　　14. “写” ：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down
　　15. “拿/放”： take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push
　　16. “抓” ：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch
　　17. “打” ：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack
　　18. “扔” ：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake
　　19. “送” ：send; deliver; give; offer; see off
　　20. “摸/抱” ：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms
　　21. “踢/碰” ：kick; knock; tip
　　22. “找/查” ：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for seek / seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect
　　23. “得” ：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess
　　24. “失” ：lose; be lost /be missing; gone; great loss
　　25. “有” ：have; own; conquer; occupy =possess
　　26. “无” ：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone
　　27. “增/减” ：rise / go up /drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease
　　28. “买/卖” ：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts
　　29. “存在/消失” ：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight
　　30. “变化” ：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without( negative adj.) turn + colour; change /change into; reform
　　31. “成功/失败” ：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality
　　32. “努力” ：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do ones best; do as much as one can to do
　　33. 祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together
　　34. 敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy /be jealousy
　　35. 赞美/批评：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of
　　36. 喜/恶：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore
　　37. 到达：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for
　　38. 受伤：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss
　　39. 损坏：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken
　　40. 修复： repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself
　　41. “认识的过程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to
　　42. 认为;判断：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt
　　43. 想/考虑：think of…as; think about; consider; think over
　　44. 支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against
　　45. 花费：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ in doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.
　　46. 省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away; spare no effort/ time
　　47. 参加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against
　　48. 控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with
　　49. 救治/帮助： help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth
　　50. 逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide
　　51. 阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit
　　52. 对付/处理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle
　　53. 效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn
　　54. 爆发/发生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode
　　55. 安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with
　　56. 追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with
　　57. 建议：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade
　　58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do
　　59. 似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like/ as if /as though
　　60. 开办/关闭：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down
名词类：
　　1假期　vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off
　　2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking
　　3职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess
　　Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher
　　Conductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard
　　4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin
　　5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient
　　6车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.
　　7身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist
　　8意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy
　　9才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud
　　Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable
　　10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness
　　11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith
　　12方式 means method way manner approach
　　13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight
　　14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图
　　15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary日记 Files form make a list of
　　16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree
　　Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks
　　17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony
　　18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation
　　19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth
　　20交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike
　　give sb. a lift/ride
　　21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的(形容词) practice惯例(名词)
　　22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense
　　23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow
　　24 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off
　　25 运动比赛 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/
　　26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing　clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
　　27事件 incident, accident　 incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故
　　形容词类
　　1人的各种感受
　　乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused
　　悲 sad unhappy painful bitter
　　平静 calm quiet silent/still peaceful
　　烦bother bored be fed up with
　　震惊 surprised astonished shocked /amazed
　　怕 in fear be frightened /scared /afraid
　　失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed
　　满意be satisfied with /be content to do
　　生气 Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage
　　2 表程度的副词类
　　narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite
　　Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far
　　Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus