2016年高考英语复习题：课时17-阅读理解技法2.doc

课时17　阅读理解技法2
Ⅰ.阅读理解技法演练
一、细心推敲　推理判断题
【精要提示】　推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，但答案的依据一定在原文中，因此在推理过程中一定要忠于原文，在文中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分——推断的前提，从中推出未知部分——推断的结论。这就要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及的每个句子的意思，推断出它们之间的关系，而且要结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断理解文章的话外之音，言外之意。做推理判断题时要注意以下几点：(1)选项内容与原文相同，不需要经过推断，这样的选项直接排除。(2)绝对化、扩大化的选项要排除。(3)与文章主基调不相符的结论也要淘汰。(4)推断时要客观，忠于原文，不要受主观意识的影响。
【微情景练】
忠于原文，合理推断
Reading 1
(2014·大纲版全国卷，E)Which boy hasn't dreamed of being a cool secret agent(特工)？The wonderful fighting abilities and the world－saving adventures are much more colourful than most people's everyday lives.Well Cody Banks is just like any other boy，except that he is not just dreaming.He has a big secret his friends never know about.He was trained to be a spy(间谍)by a special CIA programme，which was made to look like a summer camp.He learned high－speed driving，hand－to－hand fighting and the use of high－tech tools.
...
Agent Cody Banks has everything that young people are interested in：big explosions，breath－taking performances and funny girl－dating experiences.It was listed No.2 in the American box office last week.
“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy，and especially cool for young boys，”said Paul Perkins，a film reviewer in the US.
What is the purpose of the text?
A．Making known the work of the CIA.
B．Telling the story about a cool boy.
C．Showing the dark side of science.
D．Introducing a new film.
Reading 2
(2015·广东卷，D)One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent.The words a person speaks tell her or his class.A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded ‘educated’ and ‘soft’．The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional(地区的)city accents.These accents were seen as ‘common’ and ‘ugly’．However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
British attitudes towards accent ________．
A．have a long tradition
B．are based on regional status
C．are shared by the Americans
D．have changed in recent years
二、瞻前顾后　猜测词义题
【精要提示】　根据逻辑关系，猜词义。在一个句子或段落中如有两个事物或现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词或短语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词或短语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。
【微情景练】
Reading 1
(2015·四川卷，B)Determined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn't look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didn't offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup.
What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?
A．To attract. B．To upset.
C．To air. D．To shut.
Reading 2
(2014·湖北高考，C)．..
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
...
The underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to “________．”
A．the ways B．their homes
C．developments D．existing efforts
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2014·湖北卷)Working with a group of baboons(狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The design of Dr.Carter's research.
B．The results of Dr.Carter's research.
C．The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.
D．The significance of Dr.Carter's research.
2．According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?
A．Those that have more experience.
B．Those that can avoid potential risks.
C．Those that like to work independently.
D．Those that feel anxious about learning.
3．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C．Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.
D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
4．Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through________．
A．storing information
B．learning from each other
C．understanding different people
D．travelling between social groups
B

What are you expected to do about your donation?
Before your donation：
1．Be sure to drink plenty of fluids on the day of your donation.
2．Wear clothing with sleeves that can easily be rolled up above the elbow.
3．If possible，include iron－rich foods such as seafood，beans and tofu in your diet，especially in the weeks before your donation.
During your donation：
1．Our staff and volunteers will sign you in and go over basic donation information.
2．We will check your temperature，pulse，blood pressure and hemoglobin level present in a sample of blood.
3．We will cleanse an area on your arm and insert a needle for the blood draw.This feels like a quick pinch and is over in seconds.The actual donation takes about 8－10 minutes，during which you will be seated comfortably.Certain donation types，such as platelets(血小板)，or red cells can take up to 2 hours.When approximately a pint of blood has been collected，the donation is completed and a member of the staff will place a bandage on your arm.
After your donation：
1．After donating，you should have a snack and something to drink in the refreshments area.You can leave the site after 10－15 minutes and continue with your normal daily activities.
2．You should continue to drink water throughout the day of your donation.
3．Avoid heavy lifting or exercise.
What are benefits of donating?
1．Scientific studies have found that heart attacks and other eardiac problems are less common in men who have donated blood compared to men who have not.
2．It's something you can spare—most people have blood to spare...yet，there is still not enough to go around.
3．You will help ensure blood is on the shelf when needed—most people don't think they'll ever need blood，but many do.
Give blood and you'll make a big difference in the lives of others!
5．How many patients in the USA need blood every day?
A．About 1，500. B．About 13，800.
C．About 45，000. D．About one million.
6．One donation can save as many as ________．
A．two lives B．three lives
C．five lives D．eight lives
7．You are advised to eat more seafood before your donation，because ________．
A．seafood is rich in iron
B．seafood is poor in fat
C．seafood contains plenty of fluids
D．seafood helps produce more blood
8．We can infer that blood donation ________．
A．will help you produce more platelets in the blood
B．will allow you to use more blood when in need
C．will make the blood donors healthier physically
D．will have a serious effect on your normal daily activities
C
A novice 15－year－old driver，I was trying to downshift around a curve on a gravel country road when I hit the brake instead of the clutch (离合器)．This sent the car sliding，killing the engine and jerking us to an abrupt stop.My father and I sat in surprised silence as a cloud of dust sifted down on the car.I waited for a reprimand，but instead my father took a deep breath and suggested that I restart the engine.
That was 30 years ago.My father is gone now，and I'm the parent of three teenagers.What was his secret to remaining calm with his five children? Struggling for that patience on a daily basis，I wish he were here to give me the answer as I begin a driving lesson with my 15－year－old son.
I click on the seat belt as he climbs behind the wheel.“This is so cool！” he says.I watch as he starts the engine with a roar，adjusts the rear－view mirror to check his hair，flips on his favorite radio station and finally puts the car in reverse.Slowly he backs down out long，narrow driveway.I'm impressed and begin to relax.When we enter the street，he shifts into drive and steps on the gas.
“Watch the mailbox！” I scream as my foot slams on an imaginary brake.He misses it by an inch.
“See，no problem，” he says.“This is fun.”
He starts to pick up speed.I tense.Suddenly all the mailboxes，light posts and garbage cans seem really close to the road.
“Watch your speed，” I say calmly.“Slow down on this curve.Slow down on this curve！” My right foot floors the phantom brake.
“I'm not going fast，” he says.
“Just turn right at the next road.”
Flipping on his signal，he makes a wide turn directly into the opposite lane.Thankfully there's no oncoming car.“You've got to stay in your lane.” I snap.Silence fills the air.He grips the wheel.I grasp for patience.
Heading down a long stretch of country road in a tension－filled car，I struggle to remain silent and just let him experience the driving.After a period of quiet，he turns to me.“How am I doing？” he asks proudly.
“Very well.”
“See，Mom.You just need to give me more time.”
“I know.You're going to make a wonderful driver.”
Smiling，he steps on the gas.His face glows with the realization that vast horizons and new beginning are stretching out before him，just like the open road we're on.For a fleeting instant I feel the magic.
Suddenly I'm no longer the weary mother of three but once again the young girl in the driver's seat.And through this mist of time，a beam of knowledge shines out to me.Thirty years ago，as dust floated down on us in the stalled car，had my father's own memory of a youth come sparkling back to him?
Now，tucking my brake foot under the seat，I notice the sky has become a rosy hue.I turn and look out the back window.
“Is there a car behind us？” my son asks nervously.
“No，but there's a spectacular sunset.Keep your eyes on the road，and I'll describe it to you.”
Through the open window，the evening breeze blows in the sweet scent of a country dusk.I take a deep breath.My son checks his hair.Cruising down the road，we both admire the fields glowing in the autumn twilight.
9．What does the underlined word “reprimand” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Scolding. B．Appreciation.
C．Encouragement. D．Comfort.
10．Which of the following best describes the author's father?
A．Patient and strict. B．Capable and skillful.
C．Patient and calm. D．Optimistic and capable.
11．The author mentions the “imaginary brake” to show that ________．
A．she was very nervous about her son's driving
B．the design of the car needs improving
C．her son's driving is really terrible
D．the situation on the road is very complicated
12．Which of the following is NOT the reason that makes the author feel relaxed suddenly?
A．Her realization of her son's bright future.
B．Her memory of her father.
C．The beautiful scenery along the road.
D．Her son's smiling face.
13．We can infer from the passage that her son is ________．
A．a naughty boy who hates to listen to his mom
B．a confident boy who likes driving and learns fast
C．a careless boy who doesn't care about others' feeling
D．an unlucky boy who doesn't get along well with his mom
14．The passage is mainly written to tell the readers ________．
A．how to teach a child driving
B．to value the beautiful relationship between family members
C．to always keep calm and patient when teaching a child
D．that safety is the most important when driving
课时17　阅读理解技法(2)
阅读理解技法演练
一、Reading 1
　D　[写作目的题。根据最后一段可知，这是一篇影片简介，故选D。]
Reading 2
　A　[细节理解题。根据该段最后一句．..British attitudes towards accent have deep roots...可知，英国人对于口音的态度有着一定的根源和传统。由该段最后一句的are based on class prejudice可知，是基于阶级偏见而非基于地区的重要性，故排除B项；根据第四段的However，a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down...可知，美国人的认识与英国人的恰恰相反，所以排除C项；根据该段的第一句One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent.可知，英国人对口音的态度并未改变，故排除D项。]
二、Reading 1
　B　[词义判断题。根据文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。]
Reading 2
　D　[词义猜测题。该句是非限制性定语从句，which是引导词，其先行词是existing efforts，故选D。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】　这是一篇科普性说明文。剑桥大学的研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习的因素不是它们是否聪明，而是其性格。这一研究表明，人类社会也是如此，如果我们不善于与他人沟通，那么我们就很难形成一种以社会学习为基础的变化。
1．A　[考查推理判断。第一段介绍了研究人员开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物放在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会看另外一个狒狒是如何解决问题的，而另外一些狒狒则只能自己去寻找食物，因此选A。]
2．D　[考查推理判断。从文章对该实验的描述“The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn”“The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not”可知，D项描述正确，因此选D。]
3．C　[考查推理判断。文章二、三段说在观看了别的狒狒之后，一些狒狒学到了本领，而另一些狒狒虽然观看了却没有和别的狒狒一样去做，由此推断选C：有些狒狒看了别的狒狒寻觅食物的过程，但却没有去做。]
4．B　[考查细节理解。由第五段中的“If some individuals are unable to get information from others...”可知选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文为应用文，是一则号召人们踊跃献血的公益广告。
5．B　[考查细节理解。根据第三个图标内的内容可知，每年美国约有5 000 000病人需要用血，因此每天需要5 000 000÷12÷30≈13 888。故B项正确。]
6．B　[考查细节理解。根据文中的“When approximately a pint of blood has been collected，the donation is completed”可知，一次献血量约为1品脱。再根据第一个图标内的内容可知1品脱血可挽救三个生命。故B项正确。]
7．A　[考查细节理解。根据文中的“If possible，include iron－rich foods such as seafoods，beans and tofu in your diet，especially in the weeks before your donation”可知，海鲜含有丰富的铁。]
8．C　[考查推理判断。根据文中的“Scientific studies have found that heart attacks and other cardiac problems are less common in men who ha