新GRE逻辑题-归纳类.doc

逻辑题五大题型：
1、归纳 15%。
2、演绎（削弱、加强、假设、评价）60%
3、解释20%
4、填空20%
5、句子作用5%
第一节:归纳
英文标志词:conclusion; inferred; implied; if above true, then it is also true.
特殊词:support,文章support选项则为归纳题目
读文章方式:不要关心文章的推导过程，尽量减少思维，承认文章正确，只抓信息。
问题问法总结：
It can be concluded from the statements above that.。.
Which one of the following statements most accurately expresses the author’s main point？
Which one of the following statements CANNOT be true？
Which one of the following inferences can be most reliably drawn from the passage above？
The passage as a whole is structured to lead to which one of the following conclusions？
Which one of the following is the best statement of the primary point of the passage？
Each of the following can be inferred from his argument EXCEPT.。.
Which one of the following claims is central to the author’s argument？
If the statements above are true， then which one of the following must also be true？
做题方法:
排除：
1、观点相反必错
2、范围扩大必错
3、非比较题的否命题必错
4、文章没有比较，但备选项有比较必错
5、无中生有必错
6、大众的权威观点直接排除（做题的干扰项）
概念内部分裂错误… A->B B->C.. 不能一下子A->C
绝对词。。
比较时注意范围的改变

例子：所有人都是善良的，我是人。
公共信息：人；
直接推论：我是善良的。
例子: Experienced pilots often have more trouble than novice pilots in learning to fly the newly developed ultralight airplanes. Being accustomed to heavier aircraft, experienced pilots, when flying ultralight craft, seem not to respect the wind as much as they should.
The passage implies that the heavier aircraft mentioned above are
(A) harder to land than ultralight aircraft
(B) not as popular with pilots as ultralight aircraft
(C) not as safe as ultralight aircraft
(D) more fuel-efficient than ultralight aircraft
(E) easier to handle in wind than ultralight aircraft
练习：
1.Increases in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the human bloodstream lower bloodstream-cholesterol levels by increasing the body's capacity to rid itself of excess cholesterol. Levels of HDL in the bloodstream of some individuals are significantly increased by a program of regular exercise and weight reduction.
(A) Individuals who are underweight do not run any risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream. 
(B) Individuals who do not exercise regularly have a high risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream late in life. 
(C) Exercise and weight reduction are the most effective methods of lowering bloodstream cholesterol levels in humans. 
(D) A program of regular exercise and weight reduction lowers cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of some individuals. 
(E) Only regular exercise is necessary to decrease cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of individuals of average weight.

2.A person who agrees to serve as mediator between two warring factions at the request of both abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later. To take sides at a later point would be to suggest that the earlier presumptive impartiality was a sham.
The passage above emphasizes which of the following points about mediators？
（A） They should try to form no opinions of their own about any issue that is related to the dispute.
（B） They should not agree to serve unless they are committed to maintaining a stance of impartiality.
（C） They should not agree to serve unless they are equally acceptable to all parties to a dispute.
（D） They should feel free to take sides in the dispute right from the start， provided that they make their biases publicly known.
（E） They should reserve the right to abandon their impartiality so as not to be open to the charge of having been deceitful.

3. When a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee.  Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful.  Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.
 Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?
(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.
(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.
(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.
(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.（要加truthful）
(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.

4.A company's two division performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years: in each of those years, the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollars sales and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance. 

Regarding the past three years, which of the following can properly be inferred from the statement above? 

A) Total dollars sales for each of the company's divisions have remianed roughly constant. 

B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than has the chemicals division. 

C)The chemical division has realized lower profits per dollars of sales than has the pharmaceuticals division. 

D)The product mix offered by each of the company's divisions has remained unchanged. 

E) Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals division's sales than of the pharmaceuticals division's.

5. Although aspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose. A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the ody's disease-fighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria.

If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?
(A) Aspirin, an effective painkiller, alleviates the pain and discomfort of many illnesses.
(B) Aspirin can prolong a patient's illness by eliminating moderate fever helpful in fighting some diseases.
(C) Aspirin inhibits the growth of white blood cells, which are necessary for fighting some illnesses.
(D) The more white blood cells a patient's body produces, the less severe the patient's illness will be.
(E) The focus of modern medicine is on inhibiting the growth of disease-causing bacteria within the body.

6. To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of Country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following can be most properly inferred from the passage about the products whose importation was banned?

(A)Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within Country Z's fledgling industries.
(B)Those products were ones that Country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.
(C)Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which Country Z's exports went.
(D)Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.
(E)Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to Country Z's.

答案：1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A