初中英语名词经典教案.doc

初三英语总复习名词教案
教学目标
掌握名词的用法和特点
重点难点
重点：1、掌握名词分类和名词的“数”和“格”的概念；
掌握名词的单数变复数规则，尤其注意不规则名词变复数的形式。
难点：将名词放在活生生的语境中进行学习，排除汉语干扰是做好名词辨析题的关键。
考点分析：1、名词的词义辨析 2、可数名词和不可数名词的辨析是常考点 3、名词辨析的考查是中考的热点

教
学
步
骤
及
教
学
内
容
一、 上课前说出要求，提出目标
二、 Free talk 引出本节课讲解的重点
三、 讲解本节课的语法内容：名词的概念，分类，变化规律。
名词分类 专有名词
普通名词 可数名词
不可数名词
名词
名词的数 可数名词的规则变化
不规则变化
不可数名词的数

of所有格的构成和用法
名词所有格 's所有格的构成和用法
双重所有格

名词作主语
名词的句法功能 名词作定语
名词作宾语
四、 课堂练习。查看学生对该语法的掌握情况，如果有不理解或者不明
白的地方立刻解决。
五、课后作业：1、复习本节课的内容 2、完成相应的练习

★语法梳理 名词
知识概要
一、 名词的分类
名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体可看表：
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词
Lucy, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词
表示个体的人或事物的词
dictionary, pencil, chair, window
集体名词
表示一群人或一些事物的词
Family, police, class, group, team
不可数名词
物质名词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
Rice, glass, water, porridge, paper, air, wood,wheat, steel
抽象名词
表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词
Knowledge, danger health, life, homework, interest, love
动动脑筋，观察一下：
car ——cars ， student ——students ， book——books designer——designers
airplane——airplanes water, bread, paper, tear,
二、 可数名词的复数形式
1、 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词（Countable Noun） 和不可数名词（Uncountable Noun），可数名词又有单数和复数两种形式。
练一练 ：把下面的名词变成它的复数形式
season_______form________plan_________bus______watch_______tomato_________
hobby_________ city__________ toy________ monkey________wife________
leaf________ man________woman_______ sheep______mouse_________foot______
(一)名词复数构成规律：
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
+s
cake grape month couple
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh等结尾的词
+es
watch box bus boss
辅音字母+y结尾的词
改y为i，+es
beauty county baby lady factory
以f和fe结尾的词
变f(fe)为ves
leaf wife wolf knife life thief
以o结尾的词
1、 有生命体的+es,
2、无生命体的+s
Negro hero potato tomato mango
黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆、番茄和芒果。
radio zoo piano photo
（二）一些不规则变化特例：
man—men woman----women tooth----teeth foot---feet
mouse----mice child----children deer---deer sheep---sheep
Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese
policeman-policemen（与man和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women）
Englishman———Englishmen Frenchman————Frenchmen

（三）某国人变复数，记住以下的顺口溜：
中日不变，英法改变，其他加s
Chinese——Chinese Japanese——Japanese
Englishman———Englishmen Frenchman————Frenchmen
American———Americans
（例外：German---Germans）（German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans）

（四）复合词的复数: 改中心词为复数 girl student———— girl students
注意：man和 woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定，
例如： woman teacher----women teachers man teacher -----men teachers

(五)表示复数的名词（复合名词）
police（警察)
Public (公众)
family （家人）
people（人们）
the + 姓s 例：the Smiths 史密斯一家人

注意:有些集体名词如family,team,class,police等表示一个整体时,谓语动词应用单数;表示各成员时,谓语动词应该用复数形式.
练一练：
My family _________(be) a big one. All my family _______be) in China now.

（六）数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符.例如:ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk

(七) 看似复数实际是单数的名词：
news 消息
Politics 政治
Maths 数学
Physics 物理
1. No news _______ good news. (be)
2. I think maths _______ very important.

(八)既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：
chicken 小鸡 / 鸡肉
room 房间 / 空间；位置
work 作品/ 工作
paper 论文; 报纸/ 纸
glass 玻璃杯 / 玻璃
time 次；倍 / 时间
wood 树林 / 木头
fish 鱼 / 鱼肉
exercise 练习 / 运动；锻炼
light 灯 / 光
fruit (各种)水果 / 水果
(九) 常用不可数名词bread; meat; rice; food; water; tea; milk; coffee; juice; paper;
Grass; news; advice; music; information; sugar; chocolate; jam;
Hair; ice; rain; snow; sun; wind; work; help; love; hope; weather;

(十)不可数名词"量"的表示方法.
many
a few 修饰可数名词
a number of

much 修饰不可数名词
a little

some / a lot of 修饰可数／不可数名词

不可数名词不能与数词连用，
若要表示相应的数量，则需要借助一定的单位词
1、 借助表示“张”、“块”的单位词
2、 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of music a piece of information
a piece of advice 一条建议 a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
2.借助表示容量的词
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a cup of tea 一杯茶
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a glass of beer 一杯啤酒
3. 借助表示重量的词
a kilo of salt 一公斤盐 ten tons of coal 十吨煤
4. 借助表示形状的词
a drop of water 一滴水 a grain of sand 一粒沙
a cup of tea → two cups of tea
a piece of paper → three pieces of paper

三.名词所有格
用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s',如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:a student's room, students' rooms, Children's Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用's,如:a twenty minutes' walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers。
分类
构成方法
例子
表示有生命的名词的所有
格
（1）在单数名词后加+'s。
The teacher's office
（2） 以s结尾的复数名词
后只加 '。
The teachers' office
Boys' game
（3） 不以s结尾的复数名
词后要加's。
The Children's Palace
The People of Republic of China
如某一物体属于两个或者两个以上名词
所共有，只需在后一个并列名词词尾加's；如果不是，则需在各个并列名词后面分别
加上's。
John and Mary's house is big.（
房子属于他们两人共有）
John's and Mary's houses are big
（房子属于他们分别拥有）

表示无生命的名词所有格
一般用“of+名词”表示
The doors of our classroom
The capital of China
双重所有格
of+one's 或 of+名词性物主代词
An old friend of his;
A friend of my brother's

四、 名词的用法
1、 作主语 English is useful. 英语很有用。
2、 作定语： 名词作定语，一般用单数形式
paper tiger 纸老虎 work place 工作的地方
3、 作宾语 She learns English hard every day. 她天天努力学英语。
4、 做表语 Tom is my good friend. 汤姆是我的好朋友。
5、 作宾语补足语 They chose the boy monitor. 他们选那个男孩当班长。

１．练一练 ：把下面的名词变成它的复数形式
season_______form________plan_________bus______watch_______tomato_________
hobby_________ city__________ toy________ monkey________wife________
leaf________ man________woman_______ sheep______mouse_________foot______

２．选择：
1. Some of the foreign friends are________,the others are________.
A.Japanese;Germans B.Japanese;Germen C.Japaneses;Germans
2.Three______are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain.
A .sheeps B. sheep C .sheepes D. ships
3.________teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ________teachers.
A.A number of;women B.A number of; woman C.The number of; women
4.We can see two________in the picture.
A .apple tree B.apples trees C. apple trees D. apples tree
5.Good news.We will have a _______holiday,
I have heard of it, But it's coming in_______
A.three days;three days B.three days';three days' C.three-day;three days
6.A computer is one of the greatest_______in this century.
A、 inventor B. inventions C. invention
7. ________went to Japan yesterday.
A.The White's B.The Whites C.The White
8、Mr Black gave us ______on how to learn English well.
A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices

３．填空：
1.My family _________(be) a big one. All my family _______be) in China now.
2.No news _______ good news. (be)
3. I think maths _______ very important.

４．选择：
1.The young woman is ________English teacher.
A Mary's and Lily B. Mary's and Lily's C.Mary and Lily's
2.Her uncle feels happy because he heard from_________
A. a old friend of him B. an old friend of his C.an old friend of him
3、With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ?
— _________.
A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister
4. September 10th is ___Day.
A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'
5. June 1st is___.
A. Children's day B. children's Day C .Children's Day D. children's day

综合大练习
一、单选题
1. Lucy and Lily___in the same class.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
2. Which is the ___to the bus stop, please?
A road B way C street D address
3. Hurry up!There is___ time left.
A little B a little C few D a few
4. How many ___can you see in the picture?
A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato
5. - ___is the meat. Please?
- Ten yuan a kilo.
A How much B How many C How old D How long
6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is___.
A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green
7 Shanghai is one of the biggest___in our country.
A city B city's C citys D cities
8 Would you please pass me___?
A two paper B two papers
C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers
9 Tony is a friend of___.
A. Mary's mother's B.mother of Mary's C. Mary mother's
10 I only have___ bread for lunch today.
A a bit B a bit of C little D few
11 "What would you like, Ann? ""I'd like two___."
A glass of milk B glasses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks
12 There isn't ___ paper in the box. Will you go and get ___ for me?
A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any
13. Is this your room？ No, It's______room
A. the children B. the children's C . the childrens' 
14 These foreign friends are___.
A German B Germen C Germany D Germans
15 All the students are busy, so___ of them will go to the cinema.
A many B little C a few D few
16 There are three___and seven___in the picture.
A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps
17 Whose room is this? It's___.
A my B Kike's and John's C our D Kike and John's

二、改错题
1、Please give me a paper.
2、My glasses is broken.
3、I want to buy two shoes.
4、May I borrow two radioes?
5、There are much people in the garden.
6、I want a few water.
7、Don't eat too much meats.
8、We have five German in this meeting.
9、We have many woman teachers in our school.
10、Physics are very difficult to learn.

第 6 页