湖南机电职业技术学院《基础俄语三外方》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷.doc

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湖南机电职业技术学院《基础俄语三外方》
2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
总分
得分

批阅人

第一部分 （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
1、This project ______ considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it ______ finished on time.
A．must be; may be B．should be; can be
C．may be; must be D．can be; should be

2、--- You look happy today. Is there anything good?
--- I’m very delighted ______ as one of the exchange students.
A．to choose B．to have been chosen
C．choosing D．having been chosen

3、 Dimash appeared on the stage of Singer 2017,his voice instantly won hearts of Chinese audience.
A．As long as B．As soon as C．Now that D．Ever since

4、Before you hand in your final report, ________ there are no spelling mistakes.
A．make sure B．to make sure
C．made sure D．making sure

5、Jack’s fellow workers often turn to him for help when trapped in trouble because he is a _____of ideas.
A．fountain B．session
C．diagram D．resource

6、Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
—_______. I really don’t mind.
A．Both B．None C．Neither D．Either

7、—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.
—I’m glad we _____ them in the years ahead.
A．will be operating B．have been operating
C．would be operating D．had been operating

8、Last December China _____ 100 Chinese and 10 foreigners for their outstanding contributions to the country’s reform and opening-up.
A．distinguished B．sponsored
C．acknowledged D．evaluated

9、The scientist does not study nature ________ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it.
A．until B．because
C．though D．unless

10、Everything was placed exactly ________ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A．the place where B．when
C．where D．in which

第二部分 阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.
“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，” commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.
The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.
One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.
Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly, Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.”
In comparison, the tiger beetle (虎甲虫) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re­evaluate its prey's(猎物) position.
Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.
1、（小题1）What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?
A．Pace of life of animals.
B．Time perception of animals.
C．Lifetime of small animals.
D．Impressive abilities of animals.
2、（小题2）What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para. 2?
A．The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.
B．The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.
C．Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.
D．Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.
3、（小题3）Why can houseflies avoid being hit?
A．They can think very deeply before they act.
B．They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.
C．They can process information as quickly as they receive it.
D．They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.
4、（小题4）What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?
A．Try to run as fast as it can.
B．Prevent itself from becoming blind.
C．Slow down to gain its time perception.
D．Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.

B
Exposing living tissue to subfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage. Microscopic ice crystals (结晶体) cut cells and seize moisture (潮气), making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation. Thus, organs can be made cold for only a few hours ahead of a procedure. But a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds (化合物)—similar to those found in particularly hardy (耐寒的) animals—could lengthen organs’ shelf life.
Scientists at the University of Warwick in England were inspired by proteins in some species of Arctic fish, wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing, allowing them to flourish in extreme cold. Previous research had shown these natural antifreeze molecules (分子) could preserve rat hearts at -1.3 degrees Celsius for up to 24 hours. But these proteins are expensive to extract (提取) and highly poisonous to some species. “For a long time everyone assumed you had to make synthetic (人造的) alternatives that looked exactly like antifreeze proteins to solve this problem, ”says Matthew Gibson, a chemist at Warwick who co-authored the new research. “But we found that you can design new molecules that function like antifreeze proteins but do not necessarily look like them. ”
Most natural antifreeze molecules have a mixture of regions that either attract or repel water. Scientists do not know exactly how this process prevents ice crystal formation, but Gibson thinks it might throw water molecules into push-pull chaos that prevents them from tuning into ice. To copy this mechanism, he and his colleagues synthesized spiral-shaped molecules that were mostly water-repellent—but had iron atoms at their centers that made them hydrophilic, or water-loving. The resulting compounds were surprisingly effective at stopping ice crystals from forming. Some were also harmless to the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating they might be safe for other animals.
“These compounds are really cool because they are not proteins—they are other types of molecules that nonetheless can do at least part of what natural antifreeze proteins do, ”says Clara do Amaral, a biologist at Mount St. Joseph University, who was not involved in the research. Gibson’s antifreeze compounds will still need to be tested in humans, however, and may be only part of a solution. “We don’t have the whole picture yet, ”do Amaral adds. “It’s not just one magical compound that helps freeze-tolerant organisms survive. It’s a whole suite of adaptations.
1、What will happen if organs are kept for a long time in temperatures below zero?
A．They will have ice crystal formation inside.
B．They will not suffer permanent damage.
C．They will have longer shelf life.
D．They will be fit for transplantation.
2、What can we learn about natural antifreeze proteins?
A．They look like Gibson’s antifreeze compounds.
B．They are composed of antifreeze molecules harmless to other species.
C．They are spiral-shaped and have iron atoms at their centers.
D．They can be found in organisms living in freezing cold weather.
3、How are antifreeze molecules prevented from ice crystals?
A．By creating compounds both water-repellent and water-loving.
B．By extracting the proteins from some hardy animals.
C．By making synthetic alternatives like antifreeze proteins.
D．By copying spiral-shaped molecules mostly water-resistant.
4、What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Push-pull chaos might prevent water molecules from turning into ice.
B．The final solution to preserving donor organs has been found recently.
C．Chemicals inspired by Arctic animals could lengthen organs’ shelf life.
D．Gibson’s antifreeze compounds can do what natural antifreeze proteins do.

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．
Growing up in South Carolina, I was always athletic. I joined the school basketball team with the guys in the neighborhood.
One afternoon, I 1 in the yard. An hour later, I tried to get up from a chair, but I found that I couldn’t 2 . So my mother took me to the hospital. It 3 nearly six months to diagnose (诊断) 4 was wrong with me and I couldn’t 5 like I used to. I sat on the bench while the other 6 played.
After a while, I 7 doing a little putting. It wasn’t easy 8 , because I had a lot of 9 in my hands. I had played some 10 golf when I was seven, but it had 11 caught my interest—it was too quiet for me. Now it hurt each time I hit the ball. But I was happy to be 12 , happy to have a chance to 13 again, and I fell in love with the sport.
One day, my father said to me, “Let’s try golf.” He carried me onto the course. 14 him hit all those good shots made me want to do it too.
By the time I was 13, I was good but not very good. That made me 15 , so I started working hard. I 16 the high school team, but I got 17 when I didn’t win, so I worked even harder. After practice, I hit another nine holes by myself. Golf was the most 18 game I’d ever played.
I got a 19 to the university of South Carolina and became a professional 20 after I graduated.
1、A．walked straight B．walked down C．fell behind D．fell over
2、A．sleep B．move C．play D．sit
3、A．took B．lasted C．cost D．wasted
4、A．which B．that C．what D．who
5、A．study B．run C．learn D．hit
6、A．doctors B．nurses C．kids D．patients
7、A．tried B．avoided C．admitted D．remembered
8、A．in all B．at least C．at last D．at first
9、A．pain B．secrets C．strength D．power
10、A．senior B．junior C．good D．professional
11、A．even B．ever C．never D．still
12、A．home B．separate C．inside D．outside
13、A．race B．relax C．compete D．wave
14、A．Seeing B．Helping C．Preventing D．Hearing
15、A．happy B．sad C．homesick D．content
16、A．supported B．visited C．trusted D．made
17、A．angry B．nervous C．allergic D．popular
18、A．delicate B．desperate C．changeable D．challenging
19、A．scholarship B．certificate C．passage D．train
20、A．doctor B．expert C．athlete D．actor

第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since Jan 1, China has allowed all couples to have two children, 1．(end) its more than 35-year-old policy that 2．(limit) most Chinese couples to one child
The change 3．(mean) to help population development and deal with the problem of 4． aging population
While the family planning policy, introduced in the 1970s, let China invest more in its economic development than in food, 5． has slowed down the growth of the young population and those who work As older people now make 6． a larger part of the total population of China, China faces an 7．(anxiety) situation It will lose the advantage of great labor power---- power 8． has allowed factories to export cheap products labeled “Made in China ” and allowed online 9． (company) to offer cheap or free delivery services
The new policy will slow down this decrease in the working-age population 10．(hope), it will continue China’s economic growth

第四部分 写作（共两节）第一节 短文改错（满分10分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词:
2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Last summer vacation was my most pleasant one、 My parents and I had made at our to Xi’an、 Instead of having a travel agency arranging our transportation and accommodation, we booked the train tickets and hotel rooms on the Internet by us、 During our tour in Xi’an, we went to many places of interests and took lots of photos, learned about the history of Xi’an、 No tourists would miss the local food in Xi’an, so would we、 We enjoyed the typical local food, it tasted more delicious than we had expected、 Hardly had I returned than I shared the photos and experiences for my classmates、 The trip to Xi’an has been such happy memory to me that I will never forget it、

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Terry暑假要来中国旅游，并顺便拜访你。近日他发邮件向你询问潍坊的有关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 交通方式：飞机、高铁（北京一潍坊）；
2. 潍坊简介：位于山东省中部、历史文化名城、国际风筝都、地方名吃（如和乐）等。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：高铁high-sped railway 和乐Hele noodles
Dear Terry,
I’m glad to know that you are coming to China this summer vacation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Yours,
Li Hua

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