短文改错解题步骤与方法.doc

短文改错解题步骤与方法

★ 高考英语改错口诀
（一）  见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语。见到名词想复数，可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称。见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理
小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级
（二） 谓与非谓经常混、谓语句中就一个、其余动词非谓语、常见形式有三种、ving ved 和to do
主宾通常ving、现在分词表主动、过去分词表被动、目的要用不定式、改错要想拿高分、语法口诀要记牢
（三） 规则是说谎   lie   lied   lied、不规则是躺   lie   lay   lain、躺过就下蛋   lay   laid  laid、下蛋不规则
★ 短文改错解题步骤与方法
解题步骤
1 通读全文，从语篇入手，理解文章大意 2 在理解大意的基础上，审查句子结构
3 从语法结构入手，进行语法改错 4 通读全文
解题方法：从以下方面入手
1． 冠词: 注意固定结构，特指泛指，
Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher. (2000 )
My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (2003 )
2． 名词： 注意单复数，可数不可数，主谓一致
On the way up I was busy taking picture. (2002 )
Their word were a great encouragement to me. (2003 )
3. 连词：注意句子逻辑关系，连词对称性
It seems always difficult for me to do things well as my classmates. (2004 )
I’m trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work. (2004 )
4. 形容词/副词： 注意形容词副词混用，比较级最高级用法，修饰比较级的副词
I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (2004 )
She called 119 immediate. (2004福建 )
5．代词：注意前后一致，人称代词偷换错用，少代词
I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (2004福建 )
We have to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. (2004 天津 )
6． 动词：注意时态/语态，第三人称单数，非谓语动词，主从句时态一致
I remembered her words and calm down. 2000
Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. 93
Play football makes us grow up tall and strong. 2000
They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 2001
7． 介词： 注意固定短语.介词后宾语形式
I’ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for the exam. 01北京
I’m looking forward to hear from you soon. 94
★ NMET 2001
Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 76._______
sisters—in any other words, I am an only child. My parents 77._______
love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 78._______
that I get a good education. They did not want me to do 79._______
any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to 80._______
my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject. We 81._______
may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do 82._______
not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks 83._______
as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they 84._______
really understand their own daughter? What things are in 85._______
other homes, I wonder.
★ NMET 2001北京春季
I used to love science class—all of them— 86._______
biology, chemistry, geography, physics. I think I 87._______
liked those classes because I felt that it helped me 88._______
understand what the world works. For example, when 89._______
I was a child, the rain was mystery (奥秘).In one 90._______
class, I learned it rained. I think science classes 91._______
clear up mysteries.But then there is always more 92._______
mysteries look into.What was my least favourite class? 93._______
That was math.After learn the basics of the subject, 94._______
nothing else seemed very practically to me.I never 95._______
saw how I could use it in my daily life.
★ NMET 2000
The day before the speech contest (比赛),English teacher 86._______
talked to me.She said that she and my schoolmate all 87._______
wished me success,but it didn't matter that I would 88._______
win or not.When I was on the stage the next day,I felt so 89._______
nervous as I shook like a leaf.There were so many people 90._______
present! Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacher in 91._______
the crowd.She was smiling but nodding at me.I remembered 92._______
her words and calm down.I did a good job and won the first 93._______
prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 94._______
Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 95._______
★ NMET 1998
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of 86._______
our school football team. We practise for three times 87._______
every week and often watch football match on TV 88._______
together. Play football not only makes us grow up 89._______
tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and 90._______
team spirit. We must keep in mind that we play 91._______
for the team instead ourselves. Also, the sport 92._______
teaches us the important of obedience (服从).Each 93._______
player must obey captain, who is the leader of 94._______
the team. And they must not break the rules too 95._______
often if we want to win the game.
笔者对近几年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。（系列7）
    1. 动词时态
    每年都有时态错误，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
    （1）（2003全国卷）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was...   84. _______    
    （2）（2004江苏卷）At once I apologize and controlled myself...   83. ______  
    （3）（2004全国卷） Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,...  82. _______    
（4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）I will write again and send you the photos we take together.   85.  ______    
    （5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ） 
There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. ______
    （6）（2005江苏卷）We named him Jack and keep him for about three years.  76. _______
    2. 名词单复数
    单复数互改是改错题的基本题型之一，依据有：（1）根据名词前的修饰限定成份；（2）根据上下文的逻辑关系。
    （1）（2003全国卷）Their word were a great encouragement to me.  85. _______  
    （2）（2004江苏）that was a dinner we had waited for several month.  85. _______    
    （3）（2004全国卷Ⅰ） a few minute on the Internet.   77. ________    
    （4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）But one and a half year later.  79. _________   
    （5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）There are advantage for students to work...  76. _________ 
    3. 句子结构
    句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，可以从以下几方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3）主谓一致；4）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
    （1）（2004 全国卷）I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon.  78. ________    
    （2）（2004 全国卷Ⅱ） I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.  81. ________     
    （3）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.   78. _______     
    （4）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.   79. _______    
    （5）（2005江苏卷）But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.  84. _______
   4. 赘述
    高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。
    （1）（2003全国卷80）I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.  80. _______    
    （2）（2004 全国卷）Can you tell me about what I should do?    85. _______    
    （3）（2004重庆卷）I had to look up to the same word many times, ...  78.________     
    （4）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. ________     
    （5）（2005江苏卷） But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability.  83. _________     
    5. 固定结构（固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配）
    所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
    （1）（2003全国卷81）Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ...  81. _______     
    （2）（2004 全国卷Ⅰ）I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.   79. _______     
    （3）（2004 浙江卷）from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world.  82． _______     
    （4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）I am writing to thank you with your kind help.  76. _______     
    （5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ） or for permission to do things by money.  83. _________
    6. 冠词
    英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。
    （1）（2004 全国卷Ⅲ）I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.  77. ________     
    （2）（2004江苏卷）When I was ∧boy, ...  76. __________
    （3）（2004 辽宁卷）This was my first visit to a English family.  78. ________     
    （4）（2004重庆卷）I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read.    82. ________     
    （5）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）I hope you’ve had ∧ pleasant journey home and will come to China   83. _______
    7. 代词
    代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
    （1）（2004 浙江卷）And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ...  78. _____    
    （2）（2004湖北卷）You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.  83. _____     
    （3）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）Some students may also save up for our college or future use.  85. ______   
    （4）（2005江苏卷）We often play a trick on himself.  79.______    
    8. 连词及与并置问题
    连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答连词及其相关问题的关键所在。
    （1）（2004江苏卷）My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. ____     
    （2）（2004全国卷Ⅳ）My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.  82. _____    
    （3）（2004全国卷Ⅱ）I would describe myself as shy and quietly.  77. ______     
    9. 易混淆的词或词组
    易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。
    （1）（2004全国卷Ⅰ）Finding information on the Net is easily.       83. ______     
    （2）（2004福建卷）She called 119 immediate.  84. _______     
    （3）（2003全国卷）I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.  78. ______     
    （4）（2004 重庆卷）...but I had terribly problems memorizing them.  77. ______    
    （5）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）My pronunciation was terribly.  78.________    
    以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。
★ 太原市2004—2005学年度第一学期高三年级测评试卷
Dear classmates ,
Now I’d like to tell you why I learn English . I often 76．
read English aloud and try learn something important by 77．
hearts , which helps me remember it easily and form 78．
the good habit of thinking in English . I listen to a lot and 79．
talk with others in English . In this way , I was improved 80．
my spoken English . I keep a diary in English every day but 81．
my writing English is becoming better and better . I also try 82．
my best to master the necessary grammar . With this means , 83．
I can express myself in English correct . That’s the way I 84．
have been learning English . I hope it will be useful to you 85．
That’s all . Thank you .
★ NMET 2000北京春季
Dear Peter,
Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday 86._______
party on Sunday.I'd like very much come but 87._______
I had an examination on Monday morning.It is 88._______
a very important exam but I can't afford to 89._______
fail it.I'll spend all the whole weekend reading 90._______
and prepare for it.So I'm really sorry that 91._______
I won't be able to come in this time.Hope you 92._______
can understand.I'll take this chance to wish 93._______
you wonderful time on your birthday.Happy 94._______
birthday,Peter,and many happy return of the 95._______
day!
Yours,
Li Ming
●答案解析
86.答案：把on改为for
解析：此题考查介词的用法。Thanks后接介词for表示为什么而感谢，后接动名词作宾语。
87.答案：在much后加to
解析：此题考查动词不定式的用法。I'd like to do sth.的意思是“愿意做什么”。
88.答案：把had改为will have
解析：此题考查动词时态。根据上下文可以确定此句的谓语动词是一般将来时。
89.答案：把but改为and或so
解析：此题考查连词的用法。根据句意可知，此句是并列关系，而不是转折关系。改为and，表示“并且”；改为so，表示“因此”。
90.答案：把all划掉
解析：此题考查代词的用法。all一般不和whole连用。这句话的意思是“我将花费一周的时间阅读和准备（考试）。”
91.答案：把prepare改为preparing
解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。preparing和reading是并列关系，构成spend some time (in)doing sth.的句型。
92.答案：把come后的in划掉
解析：此题考查介词的用法。this time的意思是“这次”，前面不用介词。
93.答案：该行无错
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。can understand和I'll take this chance to wish都没有错误。
94.答案：在you后加不定冠词a
解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。time前有形容词时常加不定冠词。
95.答案：把return改为returns
解析：此题考查名词的数。return在该句中是名词，根据前面的many可以确定它是复数名词。
★ NMET 1999,NMET 1999广东
The Problem with Television
Now I can't watch much television but a few years ago 86._______
I was used to watch it every night.I was often 87._______
a little tired after a day's work and watch TV 88._______
demands very little effort.Unfortunate,there are 89._______
too many people among my family.Some wanted 90._______
to see the programme while others preferred 91._______
another.I am happy with any programme but 92._______
the others spent a lot time arguing and there 93._______
was no way of settling the matter except by 94._______
selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. 95._______
●答案解析
86.答案：将watch与television之间的much划掉
解析：此题考查惯用法。“看电视”英语为watch television。表示“经常看电视”英语为watch television very often。
87答案：将I与used之间的was划掉
解析：此题考查动词的词义。be used to doing sth.意思是“习惯于做某事”。used to do sth.意思是“过去经常做某事”。这里的意思是过去经常看电视，所以应用used to watch it every night。
88.答案：将watch改为watching
解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。and连接的是两个并列句。watching TV为动名词短语作主语。
89.答案：Unfortunate改为Unfortunately
解析：此题考查副词的用法。副词修饰全句作状语。例如：Luckily,I got the ticket。
90.答案：将among 改为in
解析：此题考查介词的用法。in my family是固定用法。among的意思是“在……中间”，后面常接复数名词。如：among the students。
91.答案：将the 改为one
解析：此题考查数词的用法。从下一行的another得知，此处是one…another固定搭配。
92.答案：将am改为was
解析：此题考查动词时态。从整个短文的时态可知，要用一般过去时，而不能用一般现在时。
93.答案：a lot后加of
解析：此题考查介词的用法。a lot of time意思是“许多时间”。
94.答案：该行无错误
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。这是一个存在句，no way of setting the matter作主语。
95.答案：someone改为everyone或everybody
解析：此题考查考生对语境的理解。根据全文的内容可知，此处的意思是“现在家里的每个人都读书而不看电视了”。
★ NMET 1998
My Favourite Sport
My favourite sport is football.I was a member of 86._______
our school football team.We practise for three times 87._______
every week and often watch football match on TV 88._______
together.Play football not only makes us grow up 89._______
tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and 90._______
team spirit.We must keep in mind that we play 91._______
for the team instead ourselves.Also,the sport 92._______
teaches us the important of obedience (服从).Each 93._______
player must obey captain,who is the leader of 94._______
the team.And they must not break the rules too 95._______
often if we want to win the game.
●答案解析
86.答案：把was改为am
解析：此题考查动词时态。比较上下文的时态可以确定用一般现在时。
87.答案：把three times前的for 划掉
解析：此题考查介词的用法。这句话的意思是“我们每周训练三次”。for three times的意思是“作为第三次”。
88.答案：把match改为matches
解析：此题考查名词的数。经常在电视里观看足球比赛，要用复数。
89.答案：要把Play改为Playing
解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。动名词Playing在句子中作主语。
90.答案：把give改为gives
解析：此题考查保持主谓一致。动名词Playing football作主语表示单数。
91.答案：该行无错误
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。该行中的句子结构完整，没有错误。
92.答案：在instead和ourselves之间加of
解析：此题考查介词的用法。instead后接宾语ourselves时，要用instead of。
93.答案：把important改为importance
解析：此题考查名词的用法。定冠词the用于名词前，the importance of obedience的意思是“服