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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,第1页,Contents,Active Reading 2,第2页,Work in groups and discuss the questions:,How many branches of science can you think of?,anatomy:,studying the body,astronomy:,studying space,biochemistry:,studying chemical processes,botany:,studying plants,chemical engineering:,studying chemical substances,cosmology:,studying the universe,Warming Up,第3页,ecology:,studying organisms and their environment,genetics:,studying genes and variation,meteorology:,studying weather,microbiology:,studying viruses etc,nutrition:,studying food,oceanography:,studying the seas,pharmacology:,studying medical drugs,radiology:,studying radiant energy such as X-rays,Warming Up,第4页,Warming Up,2.Where did you learn most about science?,3.How much do you remember about your science lessons at school?,4.Who was your best science teacher?Why do you remember him/her?,5.Can you remember any lesson in particular?,6.What would you do to improve science teaching at school?,第5页,Text,Science:fact or fiction?,第6页,Science:fact or fiction?,1,Students arent what they used to be.These days,it seems,some of them never even open a book.Such is the,depressing,picture painted by popular science writer Steve Jones in his book,The Single Helix,laying the finger of blame on modern communication systems,.,The message is the medium,;once upon a time there were books,but now,Jones says,“the medium is,or so it seems,anything but lines of print on a page.”Many students are just not used to reading books,anymore,theyre such an,outdated,form of communication.,Text,第7页,2,So how do you get them to learn about science?Well,if you go into a campus bookstore you can find out.There are,songbooks,for,biochemists,with chemical,formulae,set to music to make them easier to remember.,Relativity,is explained in a video game which is a,simulation,of a rocket journey through space:You can play tennis,on board,as the rocket,speeds up,or slows down.And there are cartoons to make even the most obscure scientific subjects accessible,and fun as well.,Text,第8页,3,But even these methods of,generating,interest have become conventional.,Rather more radical is the proposal which a physics professor has come up with,to learn science from the mistakes in science fiction films.Some of the films may be,dreadful,but they hide a lot of helpful messages.Students just have to,sit back,relax,enjoy the film,and soak up a bit of science at the same time,.,Text,第9页,4,A few examples will show what the professor has in mind.,In,The Day the Earth Caught Fire,(1961),the earth is pushed towards the sun as a result of two simultaneous,atomic,explosions,.But this,contravenes,Newtons Third Law of Motion,namely,that action and reaction are equal and opposite.Since the Earth weighs six thousand billion billion tons,a huge,blast,would be needed to push it into the right direction.,Supposing it,hurled,a hundred million tons of rock and,debris,into space.This explosion would require a bomb far greater,than any that has ever exploded.But a few basic sums would show that such a blast,as well as killing every single,inhabitant,of the earth,would only,shift,the Earth about a quarter of an inch out of its orbit.,Text,第10页,5,So the film is fiction without the science.The same could be said of the 1986 film,Aliens,.In this film the crew,saunter,around the spaceship as if they,were at home,on earth whereas they should be floating,in a gravity-free environment.The,producers,of,Aliens,would fail a first year physics exam,but,Stanley Kubrick,and,Arthur Clarke,the brains behind,:A Space Odyssey,would pass the same exam with flying colours,.On board the spaceship a,giant,wheel,rotates,generating,centripetal force,and giving the,astronauts,on board a sense of“up”and“down”.,Text,第11页,6,The treatment of relativity in science fiction films is even more confusing.Take,Star,Trek,:The Voyage Home,(1987).As the spaceship,revolves,round the sun,it gathers so much speed that it moves backwards into history.But this is nonsense,not relativity.As Jones puts it,“Einstein said that nothing travels at more than the speed of light,not that the clocks will run the other way if you go fast enough.,”Even,Superman,(1978)is,baffled,by the concept.It takes him a split second to fly round the earth,anticlockwise,to save Lois Lane,who has fallen victim to an earthquake.Jones:“Time is not like a car.It has no reverse,gear,.”,Text,第12页,7,Finally,what about those giant insects like the ones in,Empire,of the Ants,the 1977 film based on a story by H.G.Wells?The problem is their lungs,or rather,the lack of them.Ants dont have lungs,so they get oxygen by absorbing it through the tissues of their bodies.The bigger the ant,the longer it would take to absorb the oxygen and their body parts would not be able to function well.So an ant the size of a human would be more likely to be gasping for breath than biting off the head of a,reckless,teenager.,Text,第13页,Text,科学：事实还是虚构,?,1,学生已今非昔比。如今，似乎有些学生从来就没有翻开过书本。这是科普作家斯蒂夫,琼斯在其,单螺旋线,一书中描绘令人沮丧情景，他把批评矛头指向当代通信系统。信息即媒介；从前有书本，可是现在，琼斯说：“媒介是，或者说似乎是，一切，但绝不是纸上印一行行字。”许多学生就是不再习惯读书了,书是老掉牙沟通方式。,第14页,Text,2,那么怎样使他们学习科学呢？好吧，你要是走进校园书店，就会找到方法。那里有生物化学家歌本，其中化学分子式被配上乐曲方便记忆。相对论是用电子游戏来解释，那是个虚拟乘火箭在空间旅行游戏：你能够在火箭加速或减速飞行时在上面打网球。还有卡通，它们使哪怕最艰涩科学话题都变得有趣易懂。,第15页,Text,3,可是就连这些激发兴趣方法也已变得老套了。更激进方法是一个物理学教授提出来：从科幻电影错误中学习科学。有些电影可能糟透了，但其中隐藏有大量有益信息。学生只需舒舒适服地坐着、放松、观赏电影，同时吸收一点科学知识。,第16页,Text,4,有几个例子能够说明教授想法。在,地球着火之日,（,1961,）中，两颗同时爆炸原子弹把地球推向太阳。可是这违反了牛顿第三运动定律,即，作用力和反作用力相等且方向相反。既然地球重达六千艾吨，那就需要特大爆炸才能把它推入正确方向。假设爆炸将一亿吨岩石和碎渣 抛入宇宙，那么这个炸弹威力要比任何以往炸弹都要大。不过，稍做运算就能说明，这么一场爆炸除了会把地球上生物全部杀死之外，充其量也只能让地球偏离轨道大约四分之一英寸,。,注：地球重量应该是,610,24,次方千克（,10,18,次方叫艾）。,第17页,Text,5,所以，这部电影是没有科学含量虚构作品。,1986,年出品电影,异形,也是一样。在这部影片中，宇航员们在宇宙飞船中走来走去，就好像在地球上家里一样,而实际上他们应该在无重力环境中漂浮才对。,异形,制片人可能会在大学一年级物理学考试中不及格，不过,：太空漫游,背后智囊斯坦利,库布里克和亚瑟,克拉克却会在一样考试中以高分经过。宇宙飞船上有一巨大轮子转动着，产生向心力，并给船上宇航员一个“起伏”感。,第18页,Text,6,科幻电影中对相对论处理更是令人摸不着头脑。以,星舰迷航：回家之旅,（,1987,）为例：宇宙飞船围绕太阳飞行，速度越来越快，最终竟然飞回到了历史之中。但这是瞎编乱造，而不是相对论。正如琼斯所说：“爱因斯坦说没有什么比光速更加快；但没有说假如你跑得够快，钟表就会倒转。”就连,超人,（,1978,）也被此概念所迷惑。他在瞬间往逆时针方向绕地球一周去救地震受难者洛伊斯,莱恩。琼斯说：“时间不像汽车，它没有倒挡。”,第19页,Text,7,最终，,1977,年依据,H.G.,威尔斯小说拍摄,蚂蚁帝国,里那些巨型昆虫又怎样呢？问题在于它们肺，或者说，它们根本没有肺。蚂蚁没有肺，它们是经过身体组织吸收氧气。蚂蚁越大，吸收氧气时间就越长,这么它们身体各部件就不能良好地运作。所以像人那么大蚂蚁更可能老是在大口喘气，而不是把莽撞少年脑袋咬掉,。,第20页,depressing,anymore,outdated,songbook,biochemist,dreadful,soak,atomic,explosion,contravene,shift,alien,saunter,producer,giant,formula,relativity,simulation,generate,proposal,namely,blast,hurl,debris,inhabitant,rotate,centripetal force,astronaut,trek,revolve,Words&Phrases,第21页,superman,baffle,anticlockwise,gear,empire,reckless,Words&Phrases,on board,speed up,sit back,soak up,be/feel at home,with flying colours,Steve Jones,斯蒂夫,琼斯（人名）,Stanley Kubrick,斯坦利,库布里克（人名）,Arthur Clarke,阿瑟,克拉克（人名）,Lois Lane,洛伊丝,莱恩（人名）,第22页,depressing,a.,sth.that is depressing makes you feel very unhappy and disappointed,令人沮丧；令人丧气,e.g.,1.The whole experience was very depressing.,整个经历令人非常沮丧。,2.He always woke with a sense of deep sorrow and depressing loss.,他醒来时总是满怀忧愁，抑郁惆怅。,Word family:,depress,v.,depression,n.,depressed,a.,Words&Phrases,第23页,Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word from the box:,1.It _ me that nobody seems to care.,2.People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe _ or have other mood disorders,Orzack said.,(CET4-6),3.Studies over a range of illnesses,from _ to heart disease,reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off,illness,(CET4-6),4.That thought is too _ for words.,Words&Phrases,depress depressed depression depressing,depresses,depressed,depression,depressing,第24页,anymore,ad.,used when talking or asking about a situation that has ended,or about sth.that sb.has stopped doing,（谈论或问询已经结束情况或某人已经停顿做事）再也,e.g.,1.She doesnt live here anymore.,她不再住在这儿了。,2.People are not interested in movies anymore.,人们不再对电影感兴趣了。,Words&Phrases,第25页,Words&Phrases,outdated,a.,old and no longer suitable for modern purposes,methods,or situations,过时；陈旧,e.g.,1.Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.,我们许多人都遵照祖先立下过时习俗。,2.That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.,那个通讯录已经没用了，许多地址已经变了。,第26页,songbook,n,.C,a book that contains the words and music of a lot of songs,歌本；歌曲集,e.g.,1.While rummaging around my bookcase I came across my old copy of the songbook.,在一次偶然情况下我乱翻我书柜，竟然翻到了当年我那本音乐集。,2.Initially I thought I could simply copy my old songbook and send it back.,起初我认为我只要把我旧歌集复印一下就能够把它送回去了。,Words&Phrases,第27页,biochemist,n,.C,a person who studies chemical processes that occur in living things,生物化学家,e.g.,1.She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.,她是从事生物学前沿研究生化学家。,2.Sir Chain was a German-born British biochemist.,钱恩先生是一位出生在德国英国生物化学家。,Word family:,biochemistry,n.,Words&Phrases,第28页,formula,n,.C,(,pl,formulas or formulae),1.,a group of letters or numbers that represents a rule in science or mathematics,（科学或数学中）方程式，公式,e.g.,Use the formula to calculate the volume of the container.,用公式计算容器容积。,2.,a plan or method for dealing with a problem or achieving a result,方案,；方法,e.g.,The foreign ministers have thrashed out a suitable compromise formula.,外交部长们经过重复讨论，已经制订出适当折中方案。,Words&Phrases,第29页,relativity,n,.U,(,science,)the relationship between time,space,and movement as described in Einsteins Theory of Relativity,（爱因斯坦）相对论,e.g.,1.Einstein formulated the Theory of Relativity in 1905.,爱因斯坦于,1905,年创建了相对论。,2.Einsteins Theory of Relativity won for him universal esteem.,爱因斯坦相对论赢得了全世界对他崇敬。,Word family:,relative,a.,Words&Phrases,第30页,simulation,n,.C,U,(,of,)sth.that produces the features of a situation in a way that seems real but is not,模拟物,e.g.,1.The simulation allows him to test various features of a system.,这种模拟使他能够试验一个系统各种特征。,2.The pilots skills are tested through simulation.,飞行员技术是经过模拟飞行来检测。,Word family:,simulate,v.,Words&Phrases,第31页,generate,vt,.,to make a lot of people express feelings or opinions about sth.,引发；引发,e.g.,1.The advertising campaign generated a lot of interest in our work.,广告活动使很多人对我们工作产生了兴趣。,2.This book will continue to generate excitement for a long time.,这本书将在很长一段时间里继续使人们为之激动。,Word family:,generation,n.,Words&Phrases,第32页,Choose the best answer for the following sentence:,Extensive reporting on television has helped to _ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.,(CET4-06-53),A.gather,B.generate,C.assemble,D.yield,Words&Phrases,第33页,proposal,n,.C,1.,a plan or suggestion,esp.a formal one that a group has to consider,（尤指某团体必须考虑正式）计划，提议，议案,e.g.,A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,as was to be expected.,(CET4-12),正如预计，代表们提出了很多提议。,2.,a request to sb.to get married to you,求婚,e.g,.,She had had many proposals but preferred to remain single.,许,多人向她求过婚，,但,她愿过单身生活,。,Words&Phrases,第34页,Choose the best answer for the following sentence:,Many a delegate was in favour of his proposal that a special committee _ to investigate the incident.,(CET4-1),were set up,was set up,C.be set up,D.set up,Note that subjunctive mood is used here.,Words&Phrases,第35页,Words&Phrases,Word family:,propose,1.,vt.,(,fml,),to suggest sth.as a plan or course of action,(,正式,),提议，提议,e.g.,1.I propose that he should leave now.,我提议他现在就离开。,2.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.,(CET4-1),对这个问题一个提议是建设自动高速公路体系。,2.,vi.,to ask sb.to marry you,esp.in a formal way,(,尤指正式地向某人,),求婚,e.g.,He proposed to her on bended knee.,他单膝跪下向她求婚。,第36页,dreadful,a,.,very unpleasant,糟透了；非常讨厌,e.g.,1.The result should be dreadful for you.,结果对你将是极不愉快。,2.The victim suffered a dreadful injury and lost a lot of blood.,受害者受了重伤，大量失血。,Word family:,dread,n.&v.,Words&Phrases,第37页,soak,v.,to put sth.into a liquid and leave it there for a period of time,浸；泡,e.g.,1.She soaked the shirt in soapy water.,她把衬衫泡在肥皂水里。,2.Before cooking them you should soak the beans overnight in water.,煮之前，你得把豆子浸泡在水里一整夜。,See also:,soak up,Words&Phrases,第38页,atomic,a,.,1.,relating to or using the energy that is produced by splitting atoms,原子能；利用原子能,e.g.,They were monitoring the upper air to collect evidence of atomic explosions.,他们正在检测高空空气以搜集原子爆炸证据。,2.,relating to the atoms in a substance,原子,e.g.,Atomic fission furnishes enormous energy.,原子分裂可提供大量能量。,Word family:,atom,n.,Words&Phrases,第39页,explosion,n,.C,an occasion when s,th.,bursts with a lot of force and a loud noise,often causing damage,爆炸,e.g,.,1.The missile warhead hit the target,effecting a nuclear explosion.,导弹头击中目标，完成了一次核爆炸。,2.There was a muffled explosion somewhere on their right.,在他们右边什么地方有一声沉闷爆炸声。,Word family:,explode,v.,explosive,a.&n.,Words&Phrases,第40页,contravene,vt,.,(,fml,),to do sth.that is not allowed by a rule,law,or agreement,与,相抵触；违反（规章、法律或协议）,e.g.,1.,You are contravening the currency regulations.,你这是在违反货币制度要求,2.,He intentionally contravened the rule of golf.,他在高尔夫球赛中有意犯规。,3.He contravened the Official Secrets Act.,他违反了官员保密法。,Words&Phrases,第41页,namely,ad,.,used for introducing more detailed information about a subject that you are discussing,即,；那就是,e.g.,1.We need to concentrate on our target audience,namely women aged between 20 and 30.,我们须针对我们听众对象，即年纪在,20,到,30,岁之间妇女。,2.The railroad connects two cities,namely,New York and Chicago.,这条铁路连接两个城市,即纽约和芝加哥。,Words&Phrases,第42页,blast,n,.C,an explosion,esp.one caused by a bomb,（尤指炸弹引发）爆炸,e.g.,1.Police said that the blast occurred at 9 a.m.,警方说这次爆炸发生在早晨九点。,2.A huge bomb blast rocked central London last night.,昨晚一次猛烈炸弹爆炸震动了伦敦市中心。,3.In a sudden _ of anger,the man tore up everything within reach.,(CET4-01-60),A.attack B.burst C.split D.blast,Words&Phrases,B,第43页,hurl,vt,.,to throw sth.using a lot of force,猛投；用力掷,e.g.,1.Children,were hurling snowballs at one another.,孩子们在互掷雪球。,2.Rioters hurled chairs through the windows.,暴乱者向窗里掷椅子。,3.The young track and field athlete could already hurl the discus 60 yards.,这个年轻田径运动员已能把铁饼掷,60,码远。,Words&Phrases,第44页,debris,n,.U,the broken pieces that are left when sth.large has been destroyed,esp.by an explosion,fire,or accident,（尤指爆炸、火灾或事 故后留下）废墟，瓦砾堆，残骸,e.g.,1.She was hit by flying debris from the blast.,她被爆炸飞散碎片击中。,2.After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.,轰炸过后处处是一片残骸。,3.Police have spent the day sifting through the debris for clues.,警方花了一整天在废墟中查找线索。,Words&Phrases,第45页,inhabitant,n,.C,a person or animal that lives in a particular place,居民；栖息动物,e.g.,1.The islands earliest inhabitants came from India.,岛上最早居民来自印度。,2.The tapeworm is an inhabitant of the intestine.,绦虫是栖居肠内寄生虫。,Word family:,inhabit,v.,Words&Phrases,第46页,shift,vt,.,to move an object from one place to another,移动；搬动,e.g.,Help me shift the desk to the window please.,请帮我把桌子搬到窗户那儿。,Choose the best answer for the following sentence:,Mass advertising helped to _ the emphasis from the production of goods to their consumption.,(CET4-6),A.vary B.shift C.lay D.moderate,Words&Phrases,B,第47页,alien,n,.C,1.,a person or creature from a planet ot
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