英语句子的重音和升降调详解(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,句子重音，升降调,Sentence Stress,and intonation,句子重音的一般规则实词重读 虚词不重读,名词 一般都重读,There is a,book,on the,desk,.My,sister,put up a,picture,on the,wall,.,John,wants to see the,teacher,after,class,.An,elephant,is an,animal,.,2,一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的,名,词,如,thing,person,place,或指一大类人或事物的,名,词，如,man,woman,fellow,time,ship,前面有修饰语缩小其,范围时，这类名词通常不重读,Thats a nice,thing,.,(,比较,：,Thats a nice picture.),Hes an easy,person,to get along with.Hes the right,man,for the job.Its already lunch,time,.,(,比较,;,Its time for lunch.),3,代词,常重读的代词有,1,指示代词,This,is not what I mean.,That,isnt the one I asked for.Do you like(),these,flowers?,但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音,How do you like,those,little ones?Who wrote,this,interesting story?,4,2,.,名词性物主代词,Yours,is much nicer than,mine,.The red one is,his,.,但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读,Im writing to a friend of,mine,.,3,.,强调代词,I saw it,my,self,.The man,him,self,told me so.,4,疑问代词,Who,are you talking to?,What,can I do for you?,Who,came to see you this morning?,5,不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词,He,hasnt seen,my,brother yet.,He,hurt,himself,when,he,was playing football.,They,often help,each other,.The girl,who,spoke to,you,just now is,my,sister.,6,形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读 数词一般都应重读,The streets are,wide,clean,and,beautiful,.This,narrow,valley was the scene of a ,famous,battle.His,first,daughter is,fif,teen,.Its a,dull,and,disap,pointing,film.Thats,ex,citing,news.The,worried,man entered the,crowded,street.He bought,ten,cups and I bought only,four,.,7,冠词一般都不重读,He lives in,a,house not far from,the,school.Its,an,hours drive from,the,old station.,The,man over there is my brother.,An,elephant is,an,animal.,8,动词 主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词,（,notional verb,）,都要重读,(be,、,have,除外,),He,takes,a walk after supper every day.Dont,for,get,your homework.I,sup,pose,you,know,him.,非限定动词一般也都要重读,不定式,We decided to,start,the next day.,分词,We sat at the desk,writing,a letter.,动名词,Its no use,asking,him about that.,9,助动词和情态动词与,not,构成的缩略式要重读,I,dont,want to go there today.He,wasnt,surprised when I told him the news.We,cant,stay any longer.,Dont,you think you,shouldnt,say such things?We must do it now,mustnt,we?,cannot,不缩写成,cant,时，重音也在,can,上,I,cannot,agree with him.,10,Do,用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的,I,do,hope this will be effective.He,does,need your help.We,did,warn you before.,Do,drop in when you are in Xuzhou.,11,不重读的动词,助动词,He,did,not work hard for the exam.We,were,impressed by their achievements.Much,has been,said about it.They,will,be surprised at that.,情态动词,He,should,be criticized for doing that.Mary,could,do it better than Herbert.I,must,go now.Who,can,answer this question?,12,动词,be,(,是,),have,(,有,),一般不重读,I,have,so many things to do today.Few people,had,TV sets in those days.The key,was,in the box.,以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读,;,用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读,(),Have,you any brothers and sisters?Yes,I,have,.(),Are,you a student?Yes,I,am,.()Can you come this afternoon?Yes,I can.He said more than he,should,at the meeting.I dont want to go there,but I,must,.,13,副词一般都重读,They came,back,early,yesterday.,Where,did you buy it?,Why,do you come?You meet people,everywhere.,Ive,never,heard of such a thing,be,fore,.,Per,haps,shell arrive tonight.,Tell him to come,in,.A car dashed,past,.Thank you for coming to see me,off,.,14,但关系副词不重读,He visited the small village,where,he was born.They came right at the time,when,we needed their help.This is the reason,why,they failed.,介词,单音节介词一般都不重读,All,but,one of the family are,at,home.How far is it,from,Paris,to,London?What are you looking,at,?Thats what I was thinking,of,.,15,多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读,Ill do it(),after,lunch.He finished the article(),during,the holidays.The man walked,a,(),long,the street.He searched,a,(),mong,the papers.I forgot all,a,(),bout,it.I have nothing to say,con,(),cerning,this problem.Put it,opposite,the door.,16,在不重读的连系动词,be,或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读,Theyre,by,the window.He was,in,the sitting-room.Is it,near,the post office?The teacher was,with,us at the picnic.It was,during,the interval.He was,be,side,himself with rage.They are,be,hind,the door.,17,介词在句首时常可重读,On,his way home he met an old friend.,In,the room they found a little boy.,Under,the tree stands a tall man.,18,连接词 单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词,both and neithernor,等）和从属连词都不重读,He came,and,spoke to us.I saw it,but,didnt read it.Lets run,or,well be late.That takes,both,time,and,energy.,Neither,you,nor,I can solve the problem.I suggest,that,we give up the plan.He was angry with me,because,I was late.The professor was busy writing,when,I went to see him.,19,We took the taxi to the station,so(that),we could be in time for the train.She didnt arrange the chairs,as,I told her.Put it,where,it can easily be seen.He wants to see you,before,you leave.She insisted on going,though,I told her not to.They were disappointed,whereas,we were delighted.You cant understand it,until,you read it to the end.,20,连接词词组 其中重要的词要重读还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读,If only,I knew how to do it.Hell help us,on con,dition that,we trust him.Well start tomorrow,even if,it rains.They have never met,ever since,1980.The meeting will begin,as,soon as,the guests come.Youll succeed,so,long as,you work hard.Its,such,a pity,that,you cant come.,21,He spoke,so,fast,that,I could hardly follow him.Will you try again,sup,posing,you fail?I must go there,al,though,it is raining.The school bus will leave,di,rectly,thebell rings.You can never succeed,un,less,you work hard.,22,从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读（,that,除外）,When,he comes Ill introduce him to you.,After,Ive finished it Ill show it to you.,As,I was waiting for the bus,it suddenly began to rain.,但,That,we can do it without him is absurd.,23,连接代词,who(whom,whose)what,which,和连接副词,when,where,how,why,可以重读，也可以不重读,I wonder,who,that was.Ask him,which,is better.I dont know,how,they are.I dont know,how,things are in their school.Im not sure,when,hes coming.I cant understand,why,he refuses to go.Do you see,what,I mean?He doesnt know,what,he should do next.,24,感叹词,感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读,Ah!Oh!Ugh!uh Eh?Fancy!Goodness!Nonsense!Hello!Indeed!How awful!,但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高,Ah no!Oh well!Oh dear!,25,不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况,任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提到时一般不应重读,-How many times have you been there?-Three,times,.The boy shouted to the other boys.-They want strong men.-Very well.I am,strong,.Study as Lenin,studied,.A new committee has been set up and Dr Li is on the,committee,.,26,名词,street,在街名中不重读,Oxford Street Downing Street Eighth Street Wall Street,但,road,avenue,lane,way,hill,town,park,palace,等词在街名地名中都要重读,York Road West Lake Hyde Park Buckingham Palace Hampton Court,27,一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词不重读，只重读前面的修饰语,railway journey,坐火车旅行,（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行）,pleasure trip,旅游,（区别于因事旅行）,high school,中学,safety razor,安全剃刀,life-saving apparatus,救生装置,door handle tennis ball camping ground golf club violin string examination paper,28,指示代词,this,that,these,those,有时没有很强的指示意味，其意义很接近于冠词,the,，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提到时，这些指示代词不重读,He managed this matter wonderfully.It is necessary to take these measures.He couldnt bear the gaze of those eyes.,在,this morning,this afternoon,this evening,等词组中,，,this,不重读,29,such,后面跟有强调的词时不重读,such a curious shape such quantities of wood,如果后面的词不可能重时，则重读,such,Such a thing should never have happened.,副词,so,在,think so,do so,等词组里不重读,I think so.I didnt say so.I believe so.Who told you to do so?,30,副词,so,now,then,用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重读,So he went into the garden.Now listen to me carefully.Then dont forget to write to me after you arrive there.,31,某些插入语不须重读,Im afraid hes not coming.Hes not coming,Im afraid.Please sit down.Sit down,please.He said,“Im sorry.”“Im sorry,”he said.,One,作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读,Thats a good one.How are the little ones?Youve got the wrong one,I want the green one.,32,节奏,O O O O,times up.,make haste next week whats thiswork hard well done all right quite goodYes,please.hold on thats true too badgood news this monthnot yet come in,33,O o O,O o O,never mind wait and seeleave at once word by word let me see thanks a lot out of date quite a lot,try it out,good ideacome along far and wide time and tide little girl,what a day,34,O o O o O o O o,wait a moment give me this one lets get started spring is coming Merry Ce and help me glad to see you very funny let me help you who can help mequite a lot of rather boring go and get it when to do itjust imagine time is precious,35,o O o O,o O o O,the latest news,a waste of time,hes late for class shes gone away,a lot of noise Id like to comeit doesnt work wed better goa sign of smoke he always singsits time for lunch Ill see you off its hard to say a day of workIve no idea Im sure you will,36,O o o O,lots to be done lend me a hand get in the crops nothing at all bring him along send it by mail not in the least clear it away once in a while,O o o o O,carry it away,follow my advice,see you in a week,try to be in time,come and have a look,leave it on the desk,cut it with a knife,everything is clear,bring along your friend,37,o O o O o,Im,glad to,see you.Youre,always,welcome.I,hope you,like it.Id,like to,hear it.I,beg your,pardon.Youd,better,hurry.Im,very,sorry.It doesnt,matter.Hes rather funny.,38,o O o o O o o,Ill,borrow a,nother one.Youll,get it on,Saturday.Per,haps youve,heard of it.Theyve,all gone on,holiday.Its,very un,fortunate.Lets,open the,other one.,39,语调,在英语说话和朗读时不但要注意句子的重读、音的长度、音的变化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短语的语调在英语中通过语调的高低、句子重读、音的长度，使语言表达丰富多彩，声情并茂。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上可以将英语语调归纳为四种：,降调 升调 平调 降升调,40,用降调的句型,1.,陈述句,Thank you.Not at all.Youre quite right.Im afraid I must be off.,41,2.,特殊疑问句,What time can I see you?Whats the matter with you?,42,3.,祈使句,Come in.Close the door.Fetch me my gloves.Please drop in any time you like.Hurry up or well miss the train.,43,4.,感叹句,What a hot day!Isnt it lovely!,44,用升调的句型,1.,一般疑问句,Have you been staying here long?Are you free tomorrow morning?Is this lesson too difficult?,45,2.,祈使句,表示很婉转和客气的请求，祈使句有时也可以一般疑问句的形式出现,Wont you take a seat?Shall we go to the dining room?,46,3.,陈述句,有些陈述句包含不肯定、疑惑、安慰、抱歉、无能为力、轻蔑、不在乎、不耐烦，以及其他一些没有直接表达出来的情绪时，用升调,I cant wait that long.I thought everything would be all right.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.,上述某些情绪，如不肯定、疑惑、轻蔑、无可奈何等，也可以用降升调，情绪更为强烈,47,语调群,1.,升调在前，降调在后,选择疑问句，要求回答者选择任何一个,Do you prefer tea or coffee?Is he still here or has he gone home already?,以状语或状语从句开始的句子,At ten oclock in the morning the contest began.,计数或点东西,a chair,a table,a bed and a desk,48,2.,降调在前，升调在后,反意疑问句，表示说话人有一些疑惑，要肯定以下自己的看法,You went to the concert yesterday,didnt you?He works in a bank in town,doesnt he?,前面是陈述句，后面有一个表示不肯定或有疑虑的附加语,Its going to rain,Im afraid.,在句末称呼人时，用升调,Tell me the truth,George.,49,3.,前后都是降调,反意疑问句，这类反意疑问句疑问成分很少，答案无疑已经知道,Its a fine day,isnt it?She is talking just like her mother,isnt she?,主语在前，状语或状语从句在后的陈述句,He will know better when he gets older.,有两个或两个以上并列句的句子,The telephone rang,but I didnt answer it.,50,Thank You,