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Appendix I: Index to Video Examples
AUs and combinations that are illustrated with MPEG video are sorted in AU order in the table below. Each video is
cross-referenced to the filename of the video clip, the Manual page containing the scoring commentary, and the sequence
of the clip in the continuous MPEG master video (roughly the order of appearance in the Manual and in the table of scor-
ing commentaries). (The digital transfer of the original film examples does not contain the newer examples.) The video
clips are in the Examples/Video directory of the CD ROM. (An identical set of video clips in QuickTime® format can be
found in the Examples/Video/QT directory.) The continuous MPEG is in the Manual directory. Online viewers can click
the hyperlinks in the column “Filename of Video Clip” to see the video, and the links in the “Page Number of Scoring
Commentary” to see the commentary.
AUs Illustrated
1
1+2
1+2+4
1+2+5
1+4
2
4
4+5
5
5+7
6
6+7 (i)
6+7 (ii)
6+7+12
6+12 (i)
6+12 (ii)
6+15
6+4E3, 7+43E
Filename of Video
Clip
AU1.mpg
AU1_2.mpg
AU1_2_4.mpg
AU1_2_5.mpg
AU1_4.mpg
AU2.mpg
AU4.mpg
AU4_5.mpg
AU5.mpg
AU5_7.mpg
AU6only.mpg
AU6_7.mpg
AU6.mpg
AU67_12
AU6_12B.mpg
AU6_12o.mpg
AU6_15.mpg
AU6_7_43.mpg
Page Number
of Scoring
Commentary
page 413
page 416
page 416
page 416
page 415
page 413
page 413
page 415
page 414
page 415
page 414
page 414
page 414
page 423
page 422
page 422
page 424
page 416
Sequence in
MPEG
Master
2
11
12
13
10
3
1
8
4
9
-
-
6
-
37
-
46
14
Facial Action Coding System
377
Index to Video Examples
7 (i)
7 (ii)
7+12
8+26
9
AU7.mpg
AU7only.mpg
AU7_12o.mpg
AU8_26.mpg
AU9.mpg
page 414
page 414
page 422
page 429
page 417
5
-
-
70
15
9+16+25 AU9_16.mpg
page 418
20
9+17
10
10+12+16+25
10+12+25
10+14
10+15
10+15+17
10+16+25
10+17
10+17+23
10+20+25
10+22+25
10+23+25
AU9_17.mpg
AU10.mpg
AU101216.mpg
AU101225.mpg
AU10_14.mpg
AU10_15.mpg
AU101517.mpg
AU10_16.mpg
AU10_17.mpg
AU101723.mpg
AU102025.mpg
AU102225.mpg
AU102325.mpg
page 418
page 417
page 423
page 423
page 420
page 419
page 419
page 418
page 419
page 427
page 421
page 426
page 426
22
16
41
39
31
23
26
21
24
61
33
67
53
11 AU11.mpg
page 421
35
12 (i)
12 (ii)
12+15
12+15+17
12+16+25
12+17
12+17+23
12+23
12+24
12+26
12+27
13
14
14+17
AU12.mpg
AU12only.mpg
AU12_15.mpg
AU121517.mpg
AU121625.mpg
AU12_17.mpg
AU121723.mpg
AU12_23.mpg
AU12_24.mpg
AU12_26.mpg
AU12_27.mpg
AU13.mpg
AU14.mpg
AU14_17.mpg
page 421
page 422
page 424
page 424
page 423
page 424
page 427
page 426
page 426
page 423
page 424
page 422
page 420
page 420
36
-
45
47
40
44
60
54
55
42
43
38
28
32
Facial Action Coding System
378
14+23
15
15+17
15+17+23
15+23
16+20+25
16+22+25
16+23+25
16+25 (i)
16+25 (ii)
17
17+23
17+24
18
18+23
19
20
20+23+25
20+26
20+27
21
22+23+25
22+25
23
23+26
24
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
AU14_23.mpg
AU15.mpg
AU15_17.mpg
AU151723.mpg
AU15_23.mpg
AU162025.mpg
AU162225.mpg
AU162325.mpg
AU16.mpg
AU16ii.mpg
AU17.mpg
AU17_23.mpg
AU17_24.mpg
AU18.mpg
AU18_23.mpg
AD19.mpg
AU20.mpg
AU202325.mpg
AU20_26.mpg
AU20_27.mpg
AU21.mpg
AU222325.mpg
AU22_24.mpg
AU23.mpg
AU23_26.mpg
AU24.mpg
AU28.mpg
AD29.mpg
AD30.mpg
AU31.mpg
AD32.mpg
AD33.mpg
AD34.mpg
AD35.mpg
page 426
page 417
page 419
page 427
page 428
page 421
page 429
page 429
page 418
page 418
page 417
page 427
page 427
page 425
page 428
page 429
page 419
page 428
page 420
page 420
page 429
page 428
page 425
page 425
page 428
page 425
page 425
page 430
page 430
page 430
page 430
page 430
page 431
page 431
56
18
25
57
63
34
68
69
19
-
17
58
59
48
62
-
27
66
29
30
71
65
49
50
64
51
52
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Facial Action Coding System
379
Index to Video Examples
36
37
38; 39
46
M55
M57
M59
M60
M61
M68
M69
M83
AD36.mpg
AD37.mpg
AU38_39.mpg
AU46.mpg
M55.mpg
M57.mpg
M59.mpg
M60.mpg
M61.mpg
M68.mpg
M69.mpg
M83.mpg
page 431
page 431
page 431
page 415
page 432
page 432
page 433
page 433
page 433
page 432
page 432
page 432
-
-
72
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Facial Action Coding System
380
Appendix II: Scores for Reference
Example Images and Videos
The example images and videos portray AUs to illustrate AU descriptions1. Although every attempt was made to use
examples that show only the AUs intended to be represented, this goal was not always achieved because of the difficulty
of eliminating all other actions from the performance of the intended AUs. Below are complete FACS scores for each of
the example images. These scores contain the intensity score, which is usually not emphasized in the AU descriptions of
Section A, a unilateral prefix if unilateral or an asymmetry score (a scoring option) if asymmetrical. These scores allow
the careful student to determine more precisely what causes certain appearances in the example images. An example may
inadvertently contain a score for an AU that has not been previously discussed. If so, focus on the intended AUs and
return to the example later when the as yet unfamiliar AU is discussed. The scores for the examples will help to under-
stand the relevance of the examples for scoring decisions made in practical scoring situations after FACS training is com-
plete. The commentaries present the evidence for the AUs scored and the intensity assigned, and discuss why other AUs
were not scored. Any difficulties in scoring are highlighted. In the scoring of the video, the scores pertain to the maximum
extent of the movement in the clip and include all the actions of significance, regardless of the complexities that might be
introduced by the event scoring in Chapter 11.
If you are reading online, click the thumbnail to view the image in an external viewer, click the page number link to move
to the Manual page containing the image, or click on the “(Get Neutral)” link to see the neutral for the person in an exter-
nal viewer.
Image Name &
Example Image
Page Number
0
page 465
FACS Score
0
Rationale
The face is not showing any action, often called a neutral face. The
face is not actually at rest because the eyes are open, the jaw is
closed, etc., but no AU can be scored. This neural face is the base-
line for scoring AUs in the example images of this person, and
similar states of “neutral” faces are used most often as baselines in
actual scoring situations, although other baselines can also be used,
as discussed in Chapter 11.
1. The images of the AU examples for FACS were photographed and scored for the first edition under the Minimum Requirements and
Co-occurrence rules of the original FACS Manual. For this version of the Manual, these photos were scanned into digital images, re-
cropped, and then re-scored using the Intensity Criteria approach. Differences in the scoring techniques, especially eliminating Min-
imum Requirements, changed the rules that originally assessed the quality of the photos as examples. Minor deviations from the
intended actions occur in the examples, but the portrayals do not contradict the AU’s description.
Facial Action Coding System
381
Scores for Reference Example Images and Videos
4i
page 466
(Get Neutral)
4ii
page 466
(Get Neutral)
w0
page 465
(Get Neutral)
w4
page 465
(Get Neutral)
V4C+38A
4D
0
4B+38A
Slight to marked vertical wrinkles appear in the glabella and the
eyebrows are pulled together markedly. The inner parts of the eye-
brows are pulled down a trace on the right and slightly on the left
with traces of wrinkling at the corners. Notice the skin bunching
that begins above the middle of each eyebrow and continues more
medial making shallow waves, a sure sign of AU 4, and the bunch-
ing of skin in the glabella. The 4 meets criteria for the C level on
the basis of the pulling together. Because the skin bunching above
the eyebrows is a trace greater on the left, and the left eyebrow is
lowered a trace more, asymmetry is L1 and the V prefix is
assigned to the 4. How about AU 1 because of the arch in the first
horizontal wrinkle above the glabella? This change is due to the
bunched skin in the glabella bending that wrinkle up. Considering
AU 5 because of the harsh quality in the eye? There is no hard evi-
dence for 5, which you can confirm by covering the eyebrows with
a card. The trace of nostril flaring in the changed shape of the
thinned nostril wings is sufficient for 38A.
Severe vertical wrinkles and skin bunching between the eyebrows,
severe drawing together of the eyebrows, and severe to extreme
eyebrow lowering put this 4 at the D intensity. Both lowering and
drawing together of the eyebrows has increased from image 4i, but
the lowering has increased much more. Notice that the other signs
of 4 listed for image 4i have also increased. The arch in the lowest
horizontal furrow of the forehead has straightened because of the
lowering and pulling down of the glabella. Again, there is no evi-
dence of AU 5 when looking closely at only the eyelid. The dark
shadow between the lips should not entice the coder to score 25
because 25 requires certainty, but they are certainly closed.
The neutral face shows the appearance of a lowered, slanting eye-
brow, a permanent feature. Also, note the furrows beyond the lip
corners, deepened parts of the nasolabial furrow. These furrows
and the wrinkling in the forehead are asymmetrical. The eye cover
fold is virtually hidden, making action of 5 more difficult to detect.
The eyebrows are slightly lowered and pulled together and slight
vertical wrinkles form between the eyebrows, sufficient to score
4B. The marked thinning and flaring of the nostrils is sufficient to
score 38A in a still image.
Facial Action Coding System
382
1
page 466
(Get Neutral)
2
page 466
(Get Neutral)
5i
page 467
(Get Neutral)
5ii
page 467
(Get Neutral)
w5i
page 467
(Get Neutral)
1B+38A
V2C+38A
5B
5E
5B+38A
The inner corners of the eyebrows are lifted slightly, the skin of the
glabella and forehead above it is lifted slightly, and wrinkles
deepen slightly and a trace of new ones form in the center of the
forehead. Someone might contend that either the wrinkling or the
inner brow raise is marked, and therefore the score should be 1C,
but compare these changes to those in the image 1+2 below and
other images where AU 1 is at much greater intensity and re-cali-
brate. There is no sign of AUs 2, 4, 5, 6, or 7 whatsoever. In the
lower face, nostril flaring evident in the raised and thinned nostril
wing and increased nostril size is marked, A level in a still image.
The outer part of the eyebrow raise is pronounced. The wrinkling
above the right outer eyebrow has increased markedly, and the
wrinkling on the left is pronounced. Increased exposure of the eye
cover fold and skin is pronounced. The score is 2C.There is no
sign that the inner corners of the eyebrows are raised, although
they may be drawn laterally, and wrinkling in the center of the
forehead has not changed in shape or position. Although these
wrinkles may have deepened somewhat, the changes in the outer
part of the wrinkles due to 2 can explain this change. Thus, AU 1 is
eliminated.The greater number and depth of wrinkling on the left
makes the asymmetry trace (L1), so assign the prefix V. The slight
changes in the nostril again indicate 38A.
AU 5 is hard to see here because the eyebrows are set low and the
eye cover fold has little exposure. The upper eyelid is pulled up,
the medial part virtually disappearing into the revulsion margin of
the eye cover fold. More sclera around the upper part of the iris is
revealed The inner corner of the eye shows more mucosa and
sclera. In the neutral photo, no sclera is exposed and the upper eye-
lid covers the top part of the iris, but here, we can extrapolate from
the shape of the upper eyelid that virtually the entire iris is
exposed, if we could see under the eye cover fold obscuring the top
of the iris. This change is sufficient to score 5B on this person.
The upper eyelid is raised to about the maximum and a maximum
amount of sclera shows above the iris. The bulging, staring appear-
ance is present without doubt. This evidence is sufficient to score
5E. The lower eyelid is somewhat raised and straightened, cover-
ing more of the iris, but this is due to the maximum 5 pulling up on
the lower eyelid; but there is no 7 in this item. (A 7 would wrinkle
the lower eyelid and pull it up onto the eyeball, causing a bulge
and straightening it much more -- see item 7 below.)
The upper eyelid is raised to reveal virtually the entire top of the
iris, sufficient to score 5B as the top of the iris is covered in neu-
tral. Slight flaring and thinning of the nostrils is sufficient to score
38A.
Facial Action Coding System
383
Scores for Reference Example Images and Videos
w5ii
page 467
(Get Neutral)
7
page 468
(Get Neutral)
6
page 468
(Get Neutral)
w7
page 468
(Get Neutral)
5E
7C
G7D+6C
4A+7C
The upper eyelid is raised to reveal sclera in the maximum range,
evident on the right side, sufficient to score 5E. Notice that the
maximum 5 has stretched and lifted the lower eyelid a trace, but
there is no action of AU 7 in this item.
The lower eyelid is raised markedly and straightened slightly, caus-
ing slight bulging, and the narrowing of the eye aperture is marked
to pronounced, sufficient to score 7C. No other actions are detect-
able in this item.
The infraorbital triangle is raised markedly, pushing skin below the
eye up, slightly deepening the nasolabial furrow, and pulling up the
skin of the upper lip a trace. Marked crow’s feet wrinkles form at
the eye corners as the lateral top of the infraorbital
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