天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练5说理议论讲义.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,题组,5,说理议论,专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练,A,(2017,和平区一模,),William,W.Purkey,，,a well-known professor of education,，,said,，,“,Dance like no one is watching,，,love like you,ll never be hurt,，,sing like no one is listening,，,and live like it,s heaven on earth.,”,It seems like the perfect life philosophyand one I,ve learned to apply to running over the year.,But I didn,t always feel this,way.In,my early days,，,when I weighed 240 pounds,，,I ran like everyone was watchingand,judging.If,I was on a run and saw a car approaching,，,I,d stop and pretend I was looking for,something I,d,lost.I,bought the high-tech gear and clothes that I thought,would make people believe I was a,runner.And,I didn,t have a clue if the expensive shoes I was wearing were the right kind for meI just wanted to look like I fit in with this group.,To be honest,，,I felt a certain satisfaction in believing that someone was,watching.I,really thought that other people cared about my,performance.The,best example of this was a combined,，,two-lap marathon in Florence,，,Italy.As,I approached the finishing line,，,the crowd began to,cheer.I,was,surprised.Here,I was,，,thousands of miles from home,，,and the Italians were shouting for,“,IIPenguino,”,.,About 20 yards from the finishing,，,the truth set in when the winner of the full marathon went past me as I was finishing the half-,marathon.No,one was cheering for,me.No,one probably even noticed that I was,finishing.I,couldn,t help but smile at my own illusion of self-importance.,That,s when I realized I had been running for every reason except the right,one.I,ran to make other people happy,，,ran to live up to their,expectations.But,no one was watching,，,no one,cared.So,I decided I was going to run for mejust meand gained a new enjoyment from the sport I hadn,t truly experienced,yet.I,ve,learned to run like no one is watching.,So if you see me at race,，,and I look like a 60-year-old guy waddling(,蹒跚,)along,，,don,t,worry.I,m,fine.The,miracle isn,t that I,finished.The,miracle is that I had the courage to start.,语篇解读,本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。,1.The writer presents the passage by,.,A.telling,his running story,B.explaining,a life philosophy,C.listing,some life rules,D.introducing,quotations,解析,写作手法题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，本文开篇引用了一个名人的名言来呈现该话题，故选,D,。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that the writer,.,A.used,sports clothes and shoes to attract attention,B.was,concerned about what others thought of her,C.liked,to be the focus of other runners,D.struggled,to find the right shoes to fit her,解析,细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，作者很胖的时候，跑步时总觉得别人在注视她，当有车靠近时，她总会停下来假装在找东西，后来还买了运动衣服以让人们觉得她是一个专业的跑步者，由此可知，作者很在乎别人对她的看法，故选,B,。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,解析,细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二、三句,“,No one was cheering for,me.No,one probably even noticed that I was finishing.,”,可知，当作者在跑步时，没有人为她喝彩，快要跑完全程时，似乎也没有人注意到，故选,C,。,3.When the writer was near the finishing line,，,.,A.she,smiled at her own achievement,B.the,crowd cheered for her madly,C.nobody,really cared about her running,D.she,realized the importance of confidence,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,4.Now the writer thought the reason for running is to,.,A.live,up to others expectations,B.create,a miracle in her own life,C.enjoy,the pleasure of running,D.run,like no one is watching,解析,细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的,“,So I decided I was going to run for mejust meand gained a new enjoyment from the sport I hadn,t truly experienced yet.,”,可知，我决定我应该为自己而奔跑，去享受运动给我带来的快乐，故选,C,。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,5.By telling her own story,，,the writer wanted to,.,A.tell,us to live a life of our own,B.inspire,more people to run,C.expect,us to improve our health by running,D.stress,the importance of determination,解析,写作意图题。本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。故选,A,。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,B,(2017,天津五校联考一模,),In spite of sex discrimination of keeping women down,，,new research finds another aspect of women,s characters,：,girls are more likely to talk about school successes than boys.,Researchers from Hanover College and the University of Louisville came to this,conclusion.After,all,，,girls are usually taught to be modest,，,instead of,bragging,.,Basically,，,girls share more because they believe that success in school is good and that they,ll be socially rewarded for,it.Girls,think that talking about their academic successes will build,friendships.Boys,seem to share less,，,because on average,，,they think it,s,uncool,to be good at school,，,and would prefer to become the class clown or something even if they really are,smart.Because,the trend starts as early as mid-childhood,，,there,s a long time for these differences to affect motivation and actual school performance.,This trend continues all the way through,college.Girls,tend to be better at self-regulation than boys,，,which allows them to set academic goals,，,and achieve,them.Girls,find academic environments easier to control while boys,higher energy levels and impulsiveness(,易冲动,)cause behavioral problems possibly contributing to the lower grades.,Some aspects of the gender schooling gap are,troubling.Especially,as success depends more on educational attainment and qualifications and less on physical strength,，,boys who can,t or won,t do schoolwork put themselves at a disadvantage for,life.On,the other hand,，,there are new problems for adult females,，,though,，,and normal pride in girls turns into arrogance(,傲慢,)and bossy behavior in adult,women.If,women seem less proud of their accomplishments than they were as girls,，,it might just be a reasonable response to standards in the,workplace.Women,get worse performance reviews than men,，,like that you,re,“,bossy,”,if you,re over confident etc.,I would suggest that you channel your inner,schoolgirl.In,the workplace you can,t stop obvious sex discrimination on your own,，,but you can learn to be proud of your accomplishments in a mature,way.Whether,others respond properly to that or not,，,you,ll feel better about yourself at the end of the day.,语篇解读,研究表明女孩子比男孩子更容易谈论学业成就。,解析,词义猜测题。根据第一段中的,“,.girls are more likely to talk about school successes than boys.,”,可知，女孩子比男孩子更有可能谈论在学校的种种成就，而且,bragging,与前面的,modest,意义相反，不谦虚即为过度骄傲。故选,A,。,6.What does the underlined word,“,bragging,”,in the second paragraph refer to?,A.Talking,too proudly.,B.Speaking,highly of.,C.Paying,more attention.,D.Expressing,dishonestly.,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,7.What can we know about girls?,A.Girls,don,t like mentioning their academic successes.,B.Girls,consider their successes are beneficial to their friendship.,C.Girls,would like to act like a clown in class to be really cool.,D.Girls,find it much harder to control themselves than boys.,解析,细节理解题。根据第三段第二句,“,Girls think that talking about their academic successes will build friendships.,”,可知，女孩子认为谈论学习上的成就可以建立友谊，故选,B,。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,解析,推理判断题。根据第五段中的,“,.normal pride in girls turns into arrogance(,傲慢,)and bossy behavior in adult women.,”,，即女孩子们正常的骄傲会转变为成年女性的傲慢，可知选,C,。,8.What can we learn from Paragraph 5?,A.Males,success has no relation to their educational background.,B.Males,success relies on physical strength and less on education.,C.Females,normal pride maybe has a bad effect on themselves.,D.Females,pride easily makes them get better performance reviews.,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,9.What is the author,s suggestion to adult females?,A.Listen,to what other schoolgirls around them are saying.,B.Keep,a normal attitude to their achievements in work.,C.Be,proud of their achievements as they were young.,D.Try,to feel better about themselves at any place.,解析,细节理解题。根据最后一段首句,“,I would suggest that you channel your inner schoolgirl.,”,可知，作者建议成年女性要有正确的心态，故选,B,。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,10.What is the main idea of the passage?,A.Sex,discrimination is not good for women.,B.Educational,attainment is not to boys,advantage.,C.Boys,like to act as a class clown leading to bad grades.,D.Girls,pay more attention to academic successes than boys.,解析,主旨大意题。根据第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了女孩子无论在学校还是在工作上都比男孩子更容易谈论成就，故选,D,。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,C,(2016,南开区一模,),Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness,，,happiness,，,goodness,，,and self-respect,？,The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as,“,honor,”,helps you create this life of good feelings.,Here,s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.,Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an,item.If,we keep silent,，,and profit from the clerk,s mistake,，,we would drive home with a sense of sneaky,excitement.Later,we might tell our family or friends about our good,fortune.On,the other hand,，,if we tell the clerk about the uncharged,item,，,the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our,honesty.We,would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.,Then,，,what is it to do with our sense of happiness?,In the first case,，,where we don,t tell the clerk,，,a couple of things would,happen.Deep,down inside we would know ourselves as a type of,thief.In,the process,，,we would lose some peace of mind and self-,respect.We,would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted,，,since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and,friends.We,damage our own reputations by telling,others.In,contrast,，,bringing the error to the,clerk,s attention,causes different things to,happen.,Immediately,the clerk knows us to be honorable.,Upon leaving the store,，,we feel honorable and our self-respect is,increased.Whenever,we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.,There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable,actions.Honorable,thoughts lead to honorable,actions.Honorable,actions lead us to a happier,existence.And,it,s easy to think and act honorably again when we,re,happy.While,the positive cycle can be difficult to start,，,once it,s started,，,it,s easy to,continue.Keeping,on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind,，,which is important for our happiness.,语篇解读,本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。本文的中心思想为,“,快乐源自我们自身的善举,”,。,解析,细节理解题。第三段尾句,“,We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor.,”,和第五段倒数第二句,“,Upon leaving the store,，,we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.,”,可知选,A,。,11.According to the passage,，,the positive action in the example contributes to our,.,A.self,-respect,B.financial,rewards,C.advertising,ability,D.friendly,relationship,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,12.The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to,.,A.lying,B.stealing,C.cheating,D.advertising,解析,细节理解题。由第五段第二句,“,Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief.,”,可知作者认为如果不说出实情，那就跟小偷没有区别。,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,解析,词义猜测题。由语境可知画线短语意为,“,提醒店员的失误,”,，故选,A,。,13.The phrase,“,bringing the error to the clerk,s attention,”,(in Para.5)means,“,”,.,A.telling,the truth to the clerk,B.offering,advice to the clerk,C.asking,the clerk to be more attentive,D.reminding,the clerk of the charged item,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,解析,细节理解题。由倒数第二段倒数第二、三句,“,Immediately the clerk knows us to be,honorable.Upon,leaving the store,，,we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.,”,可知答案选,C,。,14.How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?,A.We,ll,be very excited.,B.We,ll,feel unfortunate.,C.We,ll,have a sense of honor.,D.We,ll,feel sorry for the clerk.,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,15.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?,A.How,to Live Truthfully,B.Importance,of Peacefulness,C.Ways,of Gaining Self-respect,D.Happiness,Through Honorable Actions,解析,标题归纳题。正如文章所述：快乐源自我们自身的善举，故,D,为最佳标题。,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,D,(2017,南开区三模,),Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation(,创新,)that threatens the survival of companies,everywhere.It,s,based on the assumption that old ideas will always work,，,so they shouldn,t be,challenged.While,this may be a valid assumption in situations that don,t change,，,it,s unlikely to hold true in a changing,situation.In,today,s rapid changing global environment,，,old methods often don,t work,，,and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.,Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of,security.If,everyone else believes it,，,then it must be,true.Individuals,who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right,，,and being right is,good.They,want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not,work.In,1977,，,Ken Olsen,，,co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation(DEC),，,stated,“,There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his,home,”,.,Despite,being a dominant leader in the computer industry,，,DEC no longer,exists.People,seem to forget that since innovation is a change,，,there can be no innovation without,change.Unfortunately,，,conventional wisdom prevents leaders,，,followers and companies from changing and therefore,innovating.If,companies don,t innovate,，,but their competitors do,，,the future is likely to be,problematic.Breaking,from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many,industries,so,it has a powerful effect on business success.,Ted Turner(founder of CNN)knew little,，,if anything,，,about the news business,，,but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour,，,as was common before,CNN.Turner,s,solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a,day.The,news establishment reflected,conventional wisdom at the time,，,and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all,day.However,，,it doesn,t take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don,t have to watch the news all day for the CNN to,work,.Viewers,just have to watch when they want to get,information.Due,to conventional thinking,，,the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to,Ted.They,assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future.,Conventional wisdom prevents creativity,，,flexibility and risk-taking,，,so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from,it.To,survive,，,thrive and maintain competitive advantage,，,companies must be flexible when reacting to change.,语篇解读,本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了墨守成规是创新的主要障碍，它会威胁到一家企业的生存，同时指出勇于创新才是成功之道。,解析,观点态度题。全文字里行间都透着作者对墨守成规的批判，故选,A,。,16.The author,s attitude to conventional wisdom is,.,A.disapproving,B.approving,C.supportive,D.indifferent,答案,解析,17,18,16,19,20,17.DEC has disappeared probably because,.,A.the,consumers didn,t like its products,B.the,CEO stuck to the conventional ideas,C.the,leaders lacked the sense of security,D.the,employees took many risks with changes,解析,细节理解题。文章第二段提到,“,They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work.,”,然后举了,DEC,消失的例子，由此可知，,DEC,消失可能是由于它的领导墨守成规，不接受新的事物，故,B,项正确。,答案,解析,17,18,16,19,20,18.The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove,.,A.missing,opportunities could lead to failure,B.changing,could contribute to business success,C.watching,news at the dinner hour is convenient,D.conventional,wisdom influences business success,答案,解析,解析,推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，举,CNN,的例子是从正面说明改革可以促进一个企业的发展与成功，故选,B,。,17,18,16,19,20,19.What do