考研英语长难句分析技巧省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,The analysis of sentence structures,英语长难句分析,第1页,Cleft,分割结构,分割结构是一个修辞伎俩，在英语句子中，尤其是在书面语中，比较常见。分割结构就是指把英语句子中原来属于一个整体句子成份分割开，一部分留在句子原来位置，另一部分远离原来位置。,eg,：,The best books are treasuries of good words,the golden thoughts,which,remembered and cherished,become our constant companions and comforters.,第2页,常见分割结构形式,常见分割结构形式有同位语或同位语从句与先行词分割，,定语或定语从句与先行词分割,，主语与谓语分割，,谓语与宾语分割,，,一些词语与其所要求介词或不定式,to,分割,等。,第3页,A detailed study has been completed of the crater floor 300 feet below the rim of volcano that included a 3-D survey of the terrain.,第4页,He had a way of generating in me an excitement about things I have always taken for granted.,第5页,This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.,第6页,分割两个标准,英语分隔应遵照,尾重标准,（应该把长而复杂成份放在句末，从而使结构平衡匀称，以防止主语部分太长，谓语部分太短）和,句尾信息焦点标准（,把新信息,即语义重点放在句子末尾）。阅读时要注意把原来属于一个整体各部分找出来。,第7页,In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor,will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.,（,年考研完型填空第二段）,第8页,1.,This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.,这种困境将是确定无疑，因为能源匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将极难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可取得高产成为可能。,第9页,2.,Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter,，,we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.,既然对智力评定相比较而言，那么我们必须确保，在对我们对象进行比较时，我们所用尺度能够提供“有效”或“公平”比较。,第10页,3.In general,，,the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.,普通来说，当所需要测定特征能被准确界定时，测试最为有效,;,而当所测定或预测东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。,第11页,4.,For example,，,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,，,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.,比如，测试并不能填补显著社会不公,;,所以，它们不能说明一个物质条件差年轻人，假如在很好环境中成长话，会有多大才能。,第12页,5.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset,：,it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,，,or with no consideration at all.,这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们认为应该这么对待动物,:,要么像对人类本身一样关心体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。,第13页,6.,Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor,，,tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers,，,with their wives and children,，,were forced into the cities in search of work,，,and any work,，,under any condition,，,that would keep them alive.,于是就出现了这么情况,:,正当新办工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市,;,他们要找活干，不论什么活儿，不论什么条件，只要不被饿死就行。,第14页,7.As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments,，,she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.,第15页,因为两三个世纪以来科学研究结果，我们逐步相信，假如利用适当观察和试验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们回复，而且以永垂不朽发觉来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然是能够认识。,第16页,8.,These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.,理论上认识已到达了这么一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。假如做不到这一点，那么上述这些新观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。,第17页,9.The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes,，,namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of weight of the liquid it displaces,，,has many different versions,，,of which the following is one.,当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失去它所排出液体那部分重量，这就是现在通常所谓阿基米德原理。相关这一发觉故事说法众多，下面故事就是其中之一。,第18页,10,.Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.,无政府主义这个词描述是一堆理论和态度，它们主要共同点在于相信政府是有害，没有必要。,第19页,11.,Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.,相反，我们现在看到了比以前任何时候都多虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有避暑别墅；出版激进书刊出版商到三星级宾馆就餐；鼓吹分享民主新闻记者把自己孩子送进私立学校。,第20页,12.,Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.,恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人日常生活影响能超出汽车生产先驱亨利,.,福特。,第21页,13.The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.,电脑储存和因为电子微处理机得以实现电控利用成倍增加了当代打字机功效。,第22页,14.,Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies,marked by rapid change and growth,is moving into a new era,an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility,which promises to reshape our lives and our world.,第23页,电视，这项从快速改变和成长为标志最普及和最有影响力当代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化时代，这将重塑我们生活和世界。,第24页,15.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.,第25页,另首先，假如大量制造某种商品造成其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多消费者购置产品。,第26页,16.,In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.,第27页,参考译文,在美国经济中，私有财产概念不但包含对生产资源全部权，也指其它一些特定权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体,(,经济单位,),自由签定协议权利。,第28页,17.,At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.,第29页,同时这些计算机统计下哪些时间是最忙，哪些员工工作效率最高，这么就能对应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们,(,计算机,),也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权用户。,第30页,18.,It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export atcompetitive prices.,它能够直接帮助货物以比较合理价格被快速分销出去，所以能够,(,使企业,),建立一个坚固国内市场，同时也使以含有竞争力价格提供出口变得可能。,第31页,19.,A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family.,第32页,20.,With economic growth has come centralization:fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,tow-generation households.,伴随经济增加，出现了集中化：全国,1,19,亿公民，其中整整,76,人口定居城市：在这里，原来小区和多代同堂大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之是与外界疏于往来、只由两代人组成关键家庭。,第33页,历年考研英语真题翻译,长难句荟萃,年：,1.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive,。,第34页,译文：能够说，衡量任何社会制度价值在于它对扩大和改进经验影响，不过这种影响并不是它最初动机组成部分。,第35页,2.Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。,第36页,译文：只有逐步才能注意到一个制度副作用，而要认可这种副作用是执行该制度一个要求性原因则愈加迟缓。,第37页,3.While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults,。,译文：在和年轻人交往时，我们轻易忽略自己行为对他们性格影响，不过在与成人打交道时却并不如此轻易,。,第38页,4.Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life,we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability,。,译文：既然我们主要任务是让年轻人参加共同生活，我们禁不住要考虑是否我们正在形成取得这种能力力量。,第39页,5.We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of educationthat of direct tuition or schooling,。,译文：所以，我们要在从一直考虑整个教育过程中识别出一个比较正规教育,直接教育或者学校教育。,第40页,