初中英语知识点总结.doc

【初中英语词组总结】
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump  
2 （比较级 and 比较级）   表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy   小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb   赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样  a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world     整个 世界
7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去  
the students planted trees along with their teachers   学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as    一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助   向…要…（直接接想要的东西）  
11 ask sb for sth    向某人什么   
12 ask sb to do sth   询问某人某事           ask sb not to do   叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of      在……岁时         
14 at the beginning of ……        ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间    最后；尽头；末尾         
16 at this time of year    在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句     感觉/对什么有信心，自信      
18 be + doing   表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）   能够……      
21 be afraid to do (of sth    恐惧，害怕……  
22 be allowed to do   被允许做什么
23 be angry with sb   生某人的气      
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth    为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as   和什么一样    eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to     
27 be away from  远离
28 be away from   从……离开
29 be bad for   对什么有害   
30 be born   出生于
31 be busy doing sth   忙于做什么事       be busy with sth    忙于……
32 be careful   当心；小心
33 be different from……   和什么不一样
34 be famous for   以……著名
35 be friendly to sb    对某人友好
36 be from = come from   来自
37 be full of 装满……的    be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water    the glass is filled with water   
38 be glad+to+do/从句  
39 be going to + v(原）    将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in      在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for   对什么有好处     
42 be happy to do      很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb   对某人有好处  
44 be in good health       身体健康
45 be in trouble    处于困难中         
46 be interested in    对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到    eg: Be late for class    上课迟到
48 be like   像……     eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at      生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of   由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)   
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to   参观
54 be popular with sb    受某人欢迎
55 be quiet   安静
56 be short for   表**的缩写    eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed   生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth      be sorry for sb       eg : I am sorry for you   
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb         
61 be strict in doing   sth   严于做某事   
62 be strict with sb    对某人要求严格   
63 be strict with sb in sth     某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do    被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心   
67 be sure of sth   对做某事有信心     
68 be sure that sth   对做某事有信心   
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing  害怕……      
71 be terrified to do sth      害怕做某事   
72 be the same as …     和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 My father is used to getting up early  我爸爸习惯早
74 be worth doing   值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句     
76 because+句子  because of +短语  
eg : He was late because he had a headache   He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事   start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么   
78 between…and…   两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb   向……借……     lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth    借给……什么东西   
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from)   表相同
81 bother   打扰    bother sb to do sth     
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station   
         我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
82 by the end of    到……为止
83 call sb sth   eg : We call him old wang
85 catch up with sb   赶上某人
86 chat with sb   和某人闲谈      take sb to + 地点    带某人去某地
87 come in   进
88 come over to    过来
89 come up with   提出    eg: Can you come up with a good idea   你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing   考虑做什么   eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou   为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to   随着……跳舞  
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事
94 do a survey of    做某方面的调查
95 do better in    在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong   做错  
97 Don't forget to do sth   不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词     不要介意……
99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books   每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing                        
101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102 escape from 从……逃跑
103 expect to do sth   期待做某事
104 fall down   摔下来 fall off   从哪摔下来
105 fall in love with sb /sth  爱上什么
106 far from   离某地远  
107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting  
109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb   适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了      forget doing   做了而又忘了   
112 from…to…   从某某到某某     eg: From me for her   
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut   我理了发(头发被剪了）   
          Tom got his bad tooth pulled out   汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb    与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备
118 get sb in to trouble    给某人带来麻烦
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk   做报告   
122 give sth to sb  give sb sth    给某人某物
123 go fish 钓鱼    go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do   去做下一件事  go on doing   继续做这件事
125 go out away from远离       go out of  从….离开  
126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）  
127 good way to   好方法
128 hate to do   讨厌没做过的事      hate doing     讨厌做过的事  
129 have a party for sb     举办谁的晚会
130 have a talk    听报告    谈一谈   
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时   
132 have been to …(   地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方）   去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing   玩得高兴
134 have sth to do   有什么事要做   
135 have to do sth    必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth   做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing   
138 have…(时间)…off    放……假    139 hear sb +do/doing   听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot     很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth   帮助某人某事（某方面）   help sb (to) do sth   帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth    希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like   = what do you think of      你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether   
     eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party   我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
          He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time   tomorrow morning   他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句      
     eg:   I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain   假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州  
           If they change the plan they will let me know   假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year   如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think   某人认为
148 in some ways     在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv)    最后
150 in the north of…   什么在什么的北方    （north 北      sowth 南    west 西    east 东 ）
151 in the sun   在太阳下
152 increase   增加      
     eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3%       他们把石油价增加了3%      
153 instead of   +（名 ） 代替   
    eg:   I'd like an apple instead of a pear   我想要苹果，而不要梨子
154 introduce sb to sb   介绍某人给某人    introduce oneself   自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth   邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth     做某人花掉某人多少时间     
    eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework      It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth       对某人来说做某事怎么样
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb    对于某人来说怎么样       It's   +adj   of   sb    对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样           It's +adj of sb to do sth   对某人来说做某事太怎么样   
      eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English   
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth   对……   来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要    eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sth      It's time for sth    到了该去做某事的时间   
      eg : It's time to have class        It's time for class    该去上课了
164 join = take part in    参加
165 just now   刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语      让什么保持什么样？
167 keep out     不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj   让……保持……   keep healthy   保持健康  
169 key to +名词     表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to…      anser   to …               key    可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑……        
172 learn by oneslfe   自学
173 learn from sb   向某人学习  
174 learn to do sth    学做某事   
175 let sb do sth   让某人做某事
176 Let sb down   让某人失望   eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down   我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远  
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方    居住在某地     
179 look after = take care of    照顾 照看
180 lose one's way      谁 迷 路     
181 make a decision to do sth      决定做某事
182 make friends with sb    和谁成为朋友     eg :   I want to make friends with you  
183 make it early   把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself   让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n   使什么成为什么     eg   : I made her my step moller       I made you my wife    
186 make sb /sth +adj    使某人（某物）怎么样    eg :   You must made your bed clean   
187 make sb /sth adj     使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth   让某人做某事
189 make up       be made up of (被动语态）由……组成
190 make…difference   to…
191 mind sb to do      mind one's doing   介意……做什么   
192 most +名         most of +代      
193 much too +形容词
194 must be   一定
195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth      需要某人做某事
197 need to do (实义动词）     need do (情态动词）
198 no /neithr of hate to do           no /neithr of hate doing     
199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more     再也不……    eg: He didn't cry any more      
201 not… (形 、副）at all       eg: He's not tall at all     she doesn't junp far at all   
202 not…at all 一点都不
203 not…either    表否定，也不   eg : I don't japanse either    I don't have sister, either     我也没有姐姐
204 not…until        直到……才……   
205 offer / provide sb with sth   给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb    提供什么东西给某人   eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you    我给你提供水
207 on one's way to…   在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand    一方面        on the other hand     另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone    用电话交谈
210 on time 准时    in time   及时
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday     一天，有一天
212 one of +可数名词的复数形式
213 one to another   一个到另一个   
214 over and over agin    一遍又一遍的     eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin   
215 part-time job    兼职工作      fall-time job   全职工作
216 pay for…   付……钱            pay the bill   开钱   ，付钱
217 please +do   
218 please help yourself
219 pleased with sb   
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing      练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth   相对……更喜欢……        eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理      
prefer sb not to do sth   更愿意…    eg: I prefer her not to come   我不喜欢她不来
223 pretend to do sth   装着去做什么   pretend that   从句      
    eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard   这两个骗子装着努力工作
224 rather…than   宁可……也不……     
     eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher   我愿肯当医生，也不当老师
225 regard…as     把……当作……  I regard you as my friend    我把你当作我的朋友      
226 remid sb about sth   提醒某人什么事    remid sb to do sth   提醒某人做某事  
     eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook    他提醒我做饭
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么   
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother
228 return sth to sb   还什么东西给某人
229 say to oneself    对自己说
230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth   花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb    花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth    花了多少时间做某事
234 sb with sb +is      sb and sb +are  
235 see sb do    看见某人做过某事      see sb doing     看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj   显得怎么样     eg :   You seem to be tired        You seem to be happy   
237 send +sb sth    送给某人某物
238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？
239 shock 使……震惊   eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock   啊，是你呀！吓我一跳
240 show sb sth   向某人展示某物  
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb   拿什么东西给某人看
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物   
243 some…others…    一些……另一些……
244 start…with…   从……开始            begin…with…   从……开始
245 stay away from   远离……      
    eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo   当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth   阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing     阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名      这样   ，这种
251 suit sb   适合某人
252 surprise sb    使某人惊奇       to one's surprise   令某人惊奇
253 take classes   上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去    eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk   散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说    ② talk with  和谁说                                        ③ talk of   谈到         ④ talk   about   谈论关于……
257 talk with sb   和某人说话
258 teach sb sth     教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事   tell sb that 丛句    tell sb not to do sth        
262 tell sb 〔not〕  to do sth    告诉某人做什么      
263 tell…from…  区别
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名词(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as   as…(adj adv)…as   相同   
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法                      the way to +地方  去哪的路        
   e g o you know the way to learn English   Do you know the way of learning English   
268 the way to…（地点）   到哪的
270 transalte ……into……   把什么翻译成什么   eg : Trasalte English into chinese  
271 travel with sb和某人去旅游
272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well  
273 try to do sth   想干什么，但没成功    try doing sth   想干什么，已经做过了  
274 try…试衣服 have a try    试一下
275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up   开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→   turn on 打开 open   拆开
277 upside down   倒着
278 visit to…   参观某个地方
279 wait for sb    等某人

【比较since和for 】

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：  
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。  
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。  
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。  
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）  
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）  
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。  
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.  
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.  
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.  

【 since的四种用法】 

1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：  
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。  

2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：  
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。  

3） since +从句。例如：  
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。  

4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：  
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

【 延续动词与瞬间动词】  
1） 用于完成时的区别  
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：  
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）  
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）  

2） 用于till / until从句的差异  
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：  
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。  
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。  

典型例题  
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.  
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.  
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be  
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。

【重点部分提要】
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。in my bag 在我的书包里in our class 在我们班上
2).