-中考英语复习第一轮定语从句.doc

一 知识点（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注：that 用法(1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时 (g) 为了避免重复 (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？ Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 （三）、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. （四）、关于定语从句的几点说明1. 关系词在定语从句中充当宾语成分，可以省了；充当主语或状语则不能省略。2. 定语从句的时态与主句无关，如：The park is a beautiful place which was built about 300years ago.3. 定语从句谓语单复数由先行词决定，如：The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.特别注意：one of the +pl.和only one of the pl.的区别，如：He is one of the students who are good at math.He is the only one of the students who is good at math.4. 非限制性定语从句在初中不做要求，但需要知道其特点，如：二例题演练【语法过关】( )1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. whoC. whom D. this( )2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whomB. whichC. who D. /( )3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whoseC. which D. as( )4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. whichC. who D. whom( )5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. that C. which D. /( )6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. thatC. /D. it( )7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all( )8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. WhoC. The one whoD. The students who( )9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. whichB. whomC. whose D. this( )10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. which D. /( )11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. wasB. wereC. is D. are( )12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whomB. whoC. /D. he( )13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door( )14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who( )15. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, toB. that, /C. where, toD. which, there( )16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. as D. ./ ( )17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there( )18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in thatC. thatD. which( )19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which( )20. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. thatB. whenC. whatD. on that( )21. The time _ we studied together is not easily forgotten.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. in which( )22. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B. thatC. whereD. in which( )23. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which( )24. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. what( )25. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. thatB. whichC. whereD. the one( )26. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where【能力提高】1.Ive read all the books _you gave me.A.which B.them C.what D.that 2.There isnt much _I can do.A.what B.which C.that D.how 3.He keeps a record of everything_he had seen there.A.he B.that C.which D.what 4.Tell us about the people and the places _are different from ours.A.that B.who C.which D.whom 5.Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city_he had visited in China.A.that B.where C.which D.what 6.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _I have watched this year.A.which B.what C.whose D.that 7.Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, _a conference was to be held.A.which B.that C.when D.where 8.Is this the museum_you visited the other day?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 9.I began to work in Beijing in the year_New China was founded.A.when B.that C.which D.where 10.This is the very film_Ive long wished to see.A.which B.that C.who D.whom 11.There is no difficulty _cant be overcome in the world.A.that B.which C.who D.what 12.Who is the person _is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A.who B.that C.which D.whom 13.This was the supermarket_I bought this kind of tin.A.where B.that C.who D.which 14.The house _the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.A.that B.where C.what D.when 15.This is the last time_I shall come here to help you.A.that B.which C.when D.what 16.The house_we live is not big.A.in that B.which C.in which D.that 17.My neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _was very kind of them.A.who B.that C.which D.whom 18.All _glitters is not gold.A.that B.which C. D.what 19.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way_ he does.A.which B.what C. D.now 20.Beijing, _is the capital of China,is a beautiful city.A.that B.it C.which D. 21.She was no longer the woman _she was.A.that B.which C.what D.who 22.Thats the hotel _last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 23.The doctor did all _to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.he could C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 24.Anyone _this opinion may speak out.A.that againstsB.that against C.who is againstD.who are against 25.The place _you are standing used to be an old church.A.which B.where C.that D.when 26.Youve made the same mistake_you made last time. A.as B.like C.which D.that 27.It is not such an interesting magazine_I thought.A.as B.that C.which D. 28._you know,he is a famous musician.A.As B.which C.That D. 29.Mr Zhou , _native language was Chinese,could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose B.his C.which D.that 30.Do you know the actor_you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 31.I took my friend to the Summer Palace,_we had some photos taken.A.where B.which C.that D. 32.Do you remember the day _your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?A.which B.on which C.about which D. 33.The bus,_was already full,was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 34.We all remember the days _we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D. 35.Do you know the reason_he didnt come?A.that B.which C.for D.why 36.I showed the doctor the place _I felt the pain.A.that B.which C.where D.when 37.He is the only one of the three_got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 38.Im one of the students _well in English in my class.A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did 39.This is the baby_tomorrow.A.after whom I shall lookB.whom I shall look afterC.whose I shall look afterD.after whom I shall look after 40.This is the fastest train _is going to Nanjing.A.that B.what C.where D. 三重难点注：that 用法(1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时 (g) 为了避免重复 (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？ Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 （三）、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 四 解析1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.B11.A12.B 13.A 14.A 15.A16.C17.C18.A 19.C 20.C 21.A22.D23.B24.C 25.B 26.A 27.A28.A29.A30.B 31.A 32.B 33.B34.C35.D36.C 37.C 38.B