高中英语语法填空专题.pptx

,高考,AB,卷,学法大视野,高考,AB,卷,学法大视野,专题十四语法填空,考纲考点扫描,点击查看,1/56,普通来说，语法填空试题有两种试题形式：词类转化题和纯空格题。对于每一类试题要采取不一样解题方法。同时要尤其注意对动词类考查，它是考试中重中之重。,词类转换题,【方法指导】,作表语,(,系动词之后,),、定语,(,修饰名词,),或补语,(,表性质状态,),时，通惯用形容词形式。,2/56,【典例】,He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was _(health).,解析,句中缺表语，依据空后提醒词及语意可知，此处应填,health,形容词形式,healthy,。,答案,healthy,3/56,1.and other times they make a very _(consider)effort to communicate with you.,答案,considerable,修饰名词,effort,，要用形容词形式，故填,considerable,。,4/56,【方法指导】,作主语，或在及物动词、介词后作宾语时，前面可能有形容词修饰，通惯用名词形式，注意单复数形式。,【典例】,He had witnessed too many _(die)and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier,，,in which,40,，,000 people were killed,，,wounded or missing.,解析,考查词形改变。这里指是死亡，是可数名词，在句中作及物动词,witness,宾语，空前,too many,也暗示应用,death,复数形式。,答案,deaths,5/56,2.Apple,s new machine,，,the Lisa,，,proved to be an expensive _(fail).,答案,failure,考查派生词使用方法。从空前,an expensive,可知此处缺乏一个名词，故填,failure,。,6/56,【方法指导】,在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者,“,冠词,(,形容词,),”,后，用名词形式。,【典例】,I ran into my neighbor,，,Dennis,，,yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldn,t go to this _(perform).,解析,依据,this,提醒，此处应该使用,perform,名词形式。,答案,performance,7/56,【方法指导】,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，或作状语时，用副词形式。,【典例】,One hundred percent of all donations will go _(direct)to the charities.,解析,用副词修饰动词,go,。,答案,directly,8/56,3.The country now has a total of 178 million people over 60,，,accounting for 13.26 percent of the total population,，,and the figure will increase by 3 percent _(annual).,答案,annually,此处使用副词修饰整个句子。所以填,annually,，意思是,“,一年一次地,”,。,9/56,【方法指导】,依据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，有可能是词义转换题，词性不一定要变，主要考查与词根意义相反派生词，需要在词根前加,un,、,im,、,in,等，或在词根后加,less,等。,10/56,【典例】,Lost in the tune,，,he came suddenly upon a _(home)beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk.He reached down,，,touched the beggar,s cheek,，,and left a 100-dollar bill to him.,解析,此处需要形容词修饰名词,beggar,。他突然发觉一个无家可归乞丐躺在人行道中间。,答案,homeless,11/56,【方法指导】,若括号中所给词为动词，也有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。,12/56,【典例】,Also,，,the more children young couples have,，,the _(happy)they become.,解析,“,the,比较级，,the,比较级,”,意思是,“,越,就越,”,。依据句中,the more children,可知，此处要用比较级。且语境表示,“,孩子越多，年轻夫妇就越不幸福,”,，故应填,unhappier,。,答案,unhappier,13/56,【方法指导】,假如句子缺主语或宾语，则一定是填代词或名词,(,多考代词,),。,【典例】,Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,，,but after some minutes _ walked away and sat near me,，,looking annoyed.,解析,句子缺乏主语，依据上文可知此处仍指上文提到那位男子，所以用,he,。,答案,he,纯空格试题,14/56,【方法指导】,假如句子不缺主语或表语，动词后又不缺宾语，则在名词或代词前面一定是填介词。,【典例】,The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds and.,解析,for a few seconds,意思是,“,几秒钟,”,，,for,接一段时间组成介词短语作状语。,答案,for,15/56,1.The young man went home _ a happy heart.,答案,with,本空格处缺介词，故填,with,组成介词短语,with a happy heart,“,心情愉快地,”,，作伴随状语。,16/56,【方法指导】,名词前面若没有限定词,(,冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词,),，则很可能是填限定词。,【典例】,But she quickly realized that it wasn,t her,，,it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.,解析,“,最终一排,”,为特指，要加定冠词,the,，即,in the last row,。,答案,the,17/56,2.After the student left,，,the teacher let _ student taste the water.,答案,another,空格后接词是,student,，是单数，,another student,表示另一个学生，无限定范围另一个。,18/56,【方法指导】,若两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词，则可能是填连词。,【典例】,Each time the boy did something good,，,a thousand tiny angels gathered around the boy,s heart _ started tickling it.,解析,依据本句内容可知，,gathered around the boy,s heart,和,started tickling it,是并列关系，故用并列连词,and,。,答案,and,19/56,【方法指导】,若两句,(,一个主谓关系算一个句子,),之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，则一定是填并列连词或隶属连词。,【典例】,The Unicef found that,，,although the situation has slightly improved,，,many women are still not included in family decisions,，,_ as a result their children are more likely to suffer from poor health.,解析,考查连词。依据句意可知，空格前后都在说明男女不平等结果，所以使用并列连词,and,。,答案,and,20/56,3.One day,，,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.,答案,that,他提出一个想法,(idea),即他将把全部禾苗拔高几英寸。空格后句子意义完整并不缺乏成份，故该空格处应填纯粹连词,that(,不作成份，也没有含义,),引导同位语从句解释先行词,idea,内容。,21/56,【方法指导】,若结构较完整，而且空格后谓语动词是原形，尤其是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装助动词,(do,，,does,，,did,等,),。,22/56,【典例】,He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife,，,but he _ bring home a regular salary.,解析,这是一个由,but,连接并列句，由前一分句谓语动词,had,可知，后一分句谓语动词,bring,也应用普通过去时。可是，,bring,却用原形，既与语境时态不符，也与主语,he,不一致，而且该句不是倒装句，所以，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调助动词,did(,确实,),。,答案,did,23/56,【方法指导】,由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填词。,由,it is.that.,强调结构判断，填,it,还是,that,；,so/such.that,，,(n)either.(n)or,等。,【典例】,The uneducated person,，,on the other hand,，,either is unable to do it,，,_ does it badly,，,.,解析,此处表示,“,或者,”,，要注意,either.or,搭配。,答案,or,24/56,4.I was _ nervous when I stood on the stage that I forgot everything.,答案,so,so.that.,意思是,“,如此,以至于,”,。,由倒装句式判断，是填组成倒装条件,only,，,so,，,neither,，,nor,，,never,，,hardly,，,seldom,，,not until,，,had,等，还是填,do,，,does,，,did,等。,【典例】,Not _ I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.,解析,句意：直到我在人群中看见我老师我才平静下来。,not until,放在句首，句子要部分倒装。,答案,until,25/56,由,it,作形式主语或形式宾语句式判断，空格处是否填,it,。,【典例】,She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.,解析,句型：,it is difficult(for sb)to do(,某人,),难以做,。,how,引导宾语从句缺乏主语，用,it,作形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式短语,to choose.,。,答案,it,26/56,【方法指导】,假如句中缺乏谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。,【典例】,He _(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,解析,句意：他假装那个老虎玩具是真,此处表示,“,我,”,上车时他正在做事，故用过去进行时态。,答案,was pretending,给出动词题,27/56,1.He walked in as if he _(buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.,答案,had bought,这是由,as if,引导虚拟语气,(,他没有买下学校,),，因为是与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。,2.Where men control the household,，,less money _(spend)on healthcare and food,，,which results in poorer health for children.,答案,is spent,考查时态和语态。,money,与,spend,之间存在被动关系，所以使用被动语态，依据从句时态可知应用普通现在时。,28/56,【方法指导】,假如句中已经有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是,v,.-ing,形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式：,作主语，,v,.-ing,形式与不定式普通能够交换，意义无多大区分；但在疑问句和句型,“,There is no,主语,”,中，主语需用动名词而不用不定式。,29/56,【典例】,It is widely believed that _(form)a good habit will benefit us all our lives.,解析,It is widely believed that.,从句中缺主语，这里使用动名词短语作主语，表示泛指意义行为。,答案,forming,作目标状语或在形容词后作状语，普通用不定式。,【典例】,For example,，,the proverb,，,“plucking up a crop _(help)it grow”,，,is based on the following story.,解析,依据句子意思，谚语是,“,揠苗助长,”,，要用动词不定式作目标状语。,答案,to help,30/56,3.She wished that he was as easy _(please)as her mother,，,who was always delighted with perfume.,答案,to please,她希望他像她母亲一样轻易满足。宾语从句谓语是,was easy,，而且空格位于表语形容词,easy,之后，故考虑填动词不定式作补语，这时应联想到句型：,He is easy to please.(,It is easy to please him.),“,使他很轻易满足,”,。,作伴随状语，通惯用分词：与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。,31/56,【典例】,Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day,，,_(wear)sunglasses.,解析,由前面逗号可知这里不是并列谓语，应该是分词短语作伴随状语，因为逻辑主语是,he,，故用现在分词形式。,答案,wearing,32/56,4.After the student left,，,the teacher let another student taste the water.He spit it out,，,_(say)it was awful.,答案,saying,他把喝进口里水吐了出来，同时说这水极难喝。,out,与空格之间是逗号，而且,say,逻辑主语也是句子主语,he,，谓语动词,spit,动作与,say,动作相伴发生，故填,saying,作伴随状语。,33/56,作宾语，通惯用动名词或不定式，介词后面要用动名词。,【典例】,I remember _(cry)on my mother,s lap at a family gathering to read her will.,解析,remember doing sth,意思是,“,记得做过某事,”,。,答案,crying,34/56,作定语，不定式表未来；现在分词表进行；过去分词表被动与完成。,【典例】,When there was no place in the whole field _(leave)to dig,，,the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone.,解析,此处为,place,后置定语，,leave,与,place,组成逻辑上被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。,答案,left,35/56,5.The doors to the theater were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers _(stand)in the doorway.,答案,standing,the ticket takers,是动作,stand,执行者，故要用现在分词形式作后置定语。,6.Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity _(find)nice clothing for not a single penny.,答案,to find,此处用不定式作定语，修饰,opportunity,。,36/56,作宾语补足语，不定式表动作全过程；现在分词表主动或进行；过去分词表被动或完成。,【典例】,I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.,解析,notice sb doing sth,现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在做某事。,答案,sitting,37/56,7.While she was getting me _(settle)into a tiny but clean room,，,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.,答案,settled,把,“,我,”,安置在一个很小但很洁净房间里。,get sb done,。故填过去分词,settled,作宾补。,38/56,独立主格和,with,复合结构。,【典例】,Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note _(tell)where the bird was found.,解析,with,复合结构中，非谓语动词和其逻辑主语,note,为主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。,答案,telling,39/56,易错点,1,思维定势干扰,He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”higher.,解析,tired,短语搭配。,be tired of,含有很强干扰性，其意为,“,对,厌烦,”,，很显著，本句解释不通。同时，我们还应想到,be tired after/from,，其意为,“,因,而劳累,”,。本句句意为：农夫劳作一整天后很疲劳，不过他对庄稼长,“,高,”,了感到很高兴。,答案,after/from,40/56,【即时小练】,(1)July 1,，,1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China.The day our Chinese people had looked forward to _(come)at last.,答案,came,句子主语是,the day,，此处缺乏谓语动词，并不是考查,look forward to doing,结构。,41/56,(2)Cursing my misfortune,，,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me _ a guest in their house.,答案,as,因为,receive,搭配,receive.from,，这给考生解题造成了干扰，不过假如我们考虑到,receive.as,意为,“,把,看成,来接待,”,，那么答案就很清楚了。,42/56,以题说法,有考生看到,be tired,马上联想到,be tired of,结构，但这里不是,“,厌倦,”,之意，而是表示,“,在,之后累,”“,因,而疲惫,”,。,突破指南,为了防止思维定势干扰，考生应认真理清句子含义和固定搭配结构，判断出合乎情理句子意思。,43/56,易错点,2,词形改变干扰,(,广东,),But such a small thing couldn,t _,23,_(possible)destroy a village.,解析,possible,修饰谓语动词,destroy,作状语，将,possible,变成副词，不过考生轻易把,possible,副词写成,possiblely,或,possiblly,，而不是,possibly,，这就造成本题失分。,答案,possibly,44/56,【即时小练】,(1),(,广东,),She was _,22,_(surprise)helpful.,答案,surprisingly,此处修饰,helpful,，要用副词，故用,surprisingly,。,45/56,(2),(,新课标全国,),While there are _,68,_(amaze)stories of instant transformation,，,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,，,like cleaning up a polluted river.,答案,amazing,此处修饰,stories,，要用形容词，故用,amazing,。因为,amazing,意为,“,令人诧异,”,，,amazed,意为,“,(,人,),感到诧异,”,。换言之，现在分词转换形容词经常修饰事物，过去分词转换形容词经常修饰人或者与人相关事物。横线后面是名词,story,，说明应该使用现在分词转换形容词。,46/56,(3),(,新课标全国,),There were many people waiting at the bus stop,，,and some of them looked very anxious and _,43,_(disappoint).,答案,disappointed,此处考查系动词,look,使用方法，在本空中,look,后接形容词。不过，考生很轻易写成,disappointing,而造成失分，因为,disappointed,意为,“,(,人,),感到失望,”,，而,disappointing,意为,“,令人感到失望,”,，与句子意思不相符。,47/56,以题说法,词形改变干扰是指提醒词本身含有特殊变形所引发干扰。在语法填空中，有些形容词在改变为副词时拼写发生改变。比如：,(1),以,-le,结尾形容词，变,-le,为,ly,：,possiblepossibly,，,terribleterribly,，,comfortablecomfortably,，,gentlegently,，,simplesimply,(2),以,-y,结尾形容词，变,-y,为,ily,：,easyeasily,，,angryangrily,，,noisynoisily,，,happyhappily,，,heavyheavily,，,healthyhealthily,48/56,(3),轻易拼错词：,excitedly,，,rudely,，,truly,，,healthily,，,politely,，,widely,，,nicely,，,closely,，,surprisingly,，,disappointedly,，,fortunately,还有些名词特殊改变形式，比如：,argue,argument,突破指南,词形改变要求考查有扎实基础知识，需要积累，多专心记忆。,49/56,附录：语法填空做题技巧,“,语法填空,”,考查主要内容是句子结构、句子成份之间一致性和句子与篇章在结构和意义两个层面上制约性。语言结构分析能力是本题考查重点，在做题时应该遵照,“,先总后分,”,标准。,(1),总体。先通读全文，掌握主旨大意，了解短文体裁、题材、时态、内容、线索、写作意图、观点看法、段落大意、逻辑层次等。在,“,总,”,读过程中，可顺便填写一些空。,(2),分项。,50/56,“,分,”,就是下一步详细填空。正确了解挖空句子含义，分析其句子成份，判断该空需要填入是介词、冠词、代词，还是连词或引导词。假如是介词，则大部分是词组或固定搭配；假如是冠词，主要是在篇章中考查其语法功效，表示泛指、特指或类别等；假如是代词，通常考查是人称代词主格、宾格或物主代词等；假如是连词、引导词，就要判断其连接是并列句、定语从句、状语从句还是名词性从句等。,51/56,最近在学校论坛上，你看到有不少同学用英语在交流听力怎样突破问题。依据以下关键点提醒，写一篇英语网帖参加交流。内容包含：,1.,掌握听力技巧和方法，多向老师和同学求援；,2.,听、说相结合，多听同时重视口语训练。,3.,充分利用网络、英文电台等听力资源。,52/56,注意：,1.,词数,100,左右。,2.,能够适当展开联想。,_,_,_,_,53/56,【范文实例】,54/56,1.,本文是一个主题贴，针对怎样提升听力水平提出了自己方法和观点。文章层次清楚，,first,besides,third,利用让读者一目了然，并使得上下文衔接紧密，过渡自然。,2.,文章合理地利用了一些高级句型，从而增加了文章亮点，如：,Every student may feel it a little difficult to.,中,feel,后面跟复合宾语；,when necessary,状语从句省略；,Only if your oral English is perfect is your listening ability perfect,too.,倒装句型使用；以及在第三点中祈使句利用等，使句型结构多样化。,55/56,3.,作者书写稍显潦草，如能更正，则能锦上添花。,读后启示：,_,_,_,_,_,56/56,