天津商业大学制冷与低温专业英语复习资料.doc

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词汇题（30题，英译中或中译英）焓 enthalpy 熵 entropy 相 phase 制冷 refrigeration 循环 cycle 湿度 humidity 比容 specific volume 状态 state 动能 kinetic energy 热能 thermal energy 过程 process 状态 state 湍流 turbulance 干度 quality 压力 process 密度 density 势头 momentum 压缩 compression 对流 convention 辐射 radiation 传热 heat transfer 导热 conduction 测量 instrumentation 排风 ventilation 冷负荷 coolingload 热负荷 heatingload 剪切力 shear stress 热力学 thermodynamics 热舒适 thermal comfort 代谢率 metabdic rate 焓湿学 psychrometics of energy 显热负荷 sensible heat load 潜热负荷 latent heat load 可逆循环 reversible cycle 卡诺循环 carnot cycle 饱和蒸汽 saturated vapor 饱和液体 saturated liquid 状态方程 equation of state 动力粘度 dynamic viscosity 运动粘度 kinematic viscosity 牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid 制冷系数 refrigeration efficiency 强度参数 intensive property 强迫对流 forced convection 自由对流 free comfort 自然对流 natural comfort 导热系数 thermal conductivity 热电偶测量 thermocouple thermometry 低温生物学 cryobiology 活塞式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compress 吸热式冷水机 absorption chiller 室内空气品质 indoor air quality 理想流体模型 ideal fluid model 能量守恒定律 the law of conservation 热力学第一定律 The first law of thermodynamics 性能参数COP coefficient of performance 清洁发展机制CDM Clean Development Mechanism 温室效应气体 GHG Green House Gases 臭氧消耗潜值ODP Ozone Depression Potentials 温室效应潜值GWP Global Warming Potentials 短句（英译中或中译英） 1 Thermodynamics is one of the most important areas of engineering science. 2 When a temperature gradient exists in a body, experience has shown that there is an energy transfer from the high-temperature region to the low-temperature region. 3 Other refrigeration methods are thermoelectric, steam jet, and air cycle refrigeration. 4 The purpose of ventilation is to maintain in the building a prescribed condition and cleanliness of the air. 5 One of the goals of the environmental engineer an architect is to ensure comfortable conditions in a building. 6 The problem of thermal pollution has impinged upon our consciousness because of the tremendous growth in the use of electric energy. 短文题（英译中或中译英） 1 The first law of thermodynamics states that the total amount of energy in the world is constant. It may change from one ‘state’ to another, but the energy is never lost. This is followed immediately by a second law that states that energy continually decreases in its ability to perform useful work. This process is irreversible unless the work is done on a gas. 2 No heat engines have a thermal efficiency of 100%. That is, no heat engines absorb heat and convert it completely into work. There is nothing in the first law of thermodynamics that denies this possibility. The first law requires only that the energy output of an engine, in the form of mechanical work, shall equal the difference between the energies absorbed and rejected in the form of heat. An engine which rejected no heat and which converted all the heat absorbed to mechanical work would therefore be perfectly, consistent with the first law. 3 This stratification of the concentration is maintained by a supply of fresh air near the floor, and by extracting the vitiated air from high level. If the fresh air were supplied near the ceiling, in descending it would disturb the stratification and mix with the vitiated air, and with the same air change the concentration of CO in the work area would be 0.03g/m3. 4 蒸汽压缩制冷循环 The equipment diagram for the vapor compression cycle is illustrated in Fig.4.11.1. Minimum components of this cycle include compressor, condenser, expansion value and evaporator. Condenser冷凝器 The refrigerant leaves the evaporator at point 1 as a low pressure, low temperature, saturated vapor and enters the compressor, where it is compressed reversibly and adiabatically. At point2, it leaves the compressor as a high temperature, high pressure, superheated vapor and enters the condenser , where it is first desuperheated and then condensed at constant pressure. At point 3, thr refrigerant leaves the condenser as a high pressure, medium temperature, saturated liquid and enters the expansion valve2 3 where it expands irreversibly and adiabatically. At point 4, it leaves the expansion valve as a low pressure, low temperature, low quality vapor and enters the evaporator, where it is evaporated reversibly at constant pressure to the saturated state at point 1. Expansion valve膨胀阀 Compressor压缩机 Motor W High pressure side Low pressure side 4 1 Evaporator 蒸发器 Q0 (Refrigeration Load) 5. After the value in Fig4.2.1 has been opened, the possible number of microscopic, states equals (VT/VA)n where VT is the total volume and VA is the volume of cylinder A. The probability of finding all the molecules in cylinder A is the one chance out of (VT/VA)n or the probability of this occurrence equals (VT/VA)n. The probability of finding all the molecules in the total volume is unity. The radio of the probability of the final state to that of the initial state is A B Fig.4.2.1

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