新概念第四册Lesson46-48课文翻译及学习笔记.doc

新概念第四册Lesson46~48课文翻译及学习笔记

新概念第四册Lesson46课文翻译及学习笔记

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　Who, according to the author, are ‘Fortune’s favoured children’?

　　A gifted American psychologist has said, ‘Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.’ It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.

　　The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.

　　To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: ‘I will take an interest in this or that.’ Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

　　As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

　　It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first,those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

　　WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　gifted adj. 有天才的

　　psychologist n. 心理学家

　　spasm n. 一阵(感情)发作

　　futile adj. 无用的

　　insinuate v. 便潜入，暗示

　　convulsive adj. 起痉挛的

　　illumination n. 启发，照明

　　undue adj. 不造当的

　　grip n. 紧张

　　recuperation n. 休息

　　improvise v. 临时作成

　　sedulously adv. 孜孜不倦地

　　vivify v. 使生气勃勃

　　aggravate v. 加剧

　　trifling adj. 微小的

　　gratify v. 便满意

　　caprice n. 任性

　　satiation n. 满足

　　frantically adv. 狂乱地

　　avenge v. 替…报复

　　boredom n. 厌烦

　　clatter n. 喧闹的谈话

　　sustenance n. 生计

　　appetite n. 欲望

　　grudge v. 怨恨

　　absorbing adj. 引人入胜的

　　banish v. 排除，放弃

　　【课文注释】

　　1.catch hold of 抓住……

　　let ... go 放掉……

　　2.The stronger the will, the more futile the task 这种意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。

　　futile adj.无用的

　　例句：Pace considers attempts at timing futile.

　　贝斯认为企图控制时间是无效的。

　　It is futile to attempt to convince him that certain things are simply undoable.

　　使他相信某事情是完全不可为的是无用的尝试。

　　3.insinuate v.使潜入，暗示

　　例句： What are you insinuating?

　　你旁敲侧击，究竟指得是什么?

　　Are you insinuating that I am a liar?

　　你绕来绕去是否暗指我在撒谎?

　　He insinuated his doubt of her ability.

　　他暗示了他对她能力的怀疑。

　　4. undue adj.不适当的，过度的

　　例句：I didn’t want to show undue excitement.

　　我不想表现出过分的激动。

　　Don’t give undue deference to the opinions and feelings of others.

　　不要对他人的意见和感情给予过分的尊重。

　　He used it to discourage any undue sense of danger.

　　他这样做是为了制止任何不适当的危机感

　　5.aggravate

　　例句：vt. 恶化

　　S cratching can aggravate the rash.

　　搔痒会使疹子发炎。

　　The Europeans’ appeasement policy towards irrational regimes would only aggravate the hidden dangers.

欧洲国家对非理性政权的绥靖政策,只会让潜在危机恶化。

　　The lack of rain aggravated the already serious shortage of food.

　　干旱少雨使原本就很严重的粮食短缺问题更加严重。

　　6.those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death劳累至死的人，忧虑至死的人，无聊至死的人

　　7.tired out with疲惫，精疲力尽

　　例句：She was tired out with wonder and marvelling.

　　一整天的猎奇把她累坏了。

　　He was tired out with mountain climbing.

　　他因爬山而筋疲力竭。

　　8.gratify v. 使满足, 使高兴

　　例句：Now that she has a job in France she can gratify her desire to see Europe.

　　既然现在她在法国工作，那就可以满足她游览欧洲的愿望了。

　　I was gratified to see how much my birthday present was appreciated.

　　看到我的生日礼物受到极大的赞赏，我感到高兴。

　　9.lay their hands on得到......抓到......

　　10.Fortune’s favoured children 中的Fortune指“命运女神”

　　11.banish vt.

　　① 驱逐，流放

　　例句：His lies caused his wife to banish him from the house.

　　他因说谎而被老婆驱逐出家门。

　　The sound of doctrine rings out daily in order to banish various curiosities about this world.

　　一种主义的声响日以夜继，千日不绝，用以驱逐人们对这个世界的种种好奇与揣测!

　　②消除

　　例句：You can banish that idea from your mind.

　　你能消除心中的那种念头。

　　The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety.

　　医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。

　　【参考译文】

　　一位天才的美国心理学家曾经说过：“烦恼是感情的发作，此时脑子纠缠住了某种东西又不肯松手。”在这种情况下，你又和头脑争吵让它松手是无济于事的。这种意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。你只能缓和而巧纱地让另一种东西进入痉挛僵持的头脑中。如果选得合适，而且的确受到别的领域的情趣的启迪，那么渐渐地，往往也是很顺利地，原先不适当的紧张就会松弛下来，恢复和修整的过程就会开始。

　　因此，对一个从事社会活动的人来说，培养一种业余爱好和各种新的兴趣是关等重要的做法。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭意志一蹴而就的事。精神上多种情趣的培养是一个长期的过程。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，那就必然从选良种做起，然后将其植入肥沃的土地，还需要勤勉地护理。

　　一个人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少应有两三种爱好，而且都比较实际。到了晚年才开始说：“我会对这些人或那个人发生兴趣”，已没有用了。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人可能会获得与其日常工作无关的某些课题的渊博知识，而没有从中得到什么实益或宽慰。干你所喜欢的事是没有用的，你得喜欢你所干的事。泛泛地说，人可以分为3类：劳累至死的人、忧虑至死的人、无聊至死的人。对于流汗出力干了一周苦活的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午再踢足球或打垒球是不合适的;同样，对于为严肃的公务操劳或烦恼了6天的政界人士、专业人员、商人来说，在周未再让他们为琐事而动脑子和忧虑也是无益的。

　　至于那些能任意支配一切的“可怜的人”，他们能够恣意妄为，能染指一切追求的目标。对这种人来说，多一种新的乐趣、多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。他们到处奔乱跑，企图以闲聊和乱窜来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这是徒劳的。对他们来说，用某种形式的纪律约束他们一下才能有希望使他们走上正道。

　　也可以这样说，理智的，勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：第一类是他分清工作是工作，娱乐是娱乐的人;第二类人的工作和娱乐是一回事。这两类人当中，第一类人是大多数，他们能够得到补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了酬劳，这不仅是谋生的手段，而且还带来了寻找乐趣的强烈欲望，那怕是最简单的、最低等的乐趣。但是，命运之神的宠儿是第二类人，他们的生活是一种自然的和谐，对他们来说，工作时间总不会太长，每天都是假日，而通常的假期来到，他们却惋惜这假期强制打断了他们埋头从事的工作。然而对这两种人来说，都需要换一换脑子，改变一下气氛，转移一下注意力，这是不可缺少的。说实在的，把工作当作享受的那些人最需要每隔一段时间把工作从头脑中撇开。

新概念第四册Lesson47课文翻译及学习笔记

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?

　　Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds’ worth of space at one of Europe’s myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.

　　That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon -- an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts. but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maitre d’hotel.

　　From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior ‘they’ in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.

　　To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.

　　From one’s own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one’s own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside -- or, as likely, part of -- the tent.

　　Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting ‘our camping friends’ to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman’s breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman’s bacon and eggs.

　　Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers’ site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.

　　NIGEL BUXTON The Great Escape from The Weekend Telegraph

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　assumption n. 假定

　　manoeuvre v. (驱车)移动

　　myriad adj. 无数的

　　paradox n. 自相矛盾的事

　　cynic n. 愤世嫉俗者

　　sociologist n. 社会学家

　　shun v. 避开

　　affluent adj. 富有的

　　chambermaid n. 女招待员

　　boo b. 呸的一声

　　maitre d’hotel n. [法语]总管

　　snobbery n. 势利

　　hierarchy n. 等级制度

　　entail v. 便成为必要

　　inclement adj. 险恶的

　　package tour 由旅行社安排一切的一揽子旅游

　　insularity n. 偏狭

　　cater v. 迎合

　　exclusively adv. 排他地

　　cosmopolitan adj. 世界的

　　preponderance n. 优势

　　overwhelmingly adv. 以压倒优势地，清一色地

　　patronage n. 恩惠，惠顾

　　sauerkraut n. 泡菜

　　vie v. 竞争

　　municipality n. 市政*

　　itinerant n. 巡回者

　　heath v. 荒地

　　alienate v. 便疏远

　　eternal adj. 永久的

　　【课文注释】

　　1.it is far from 远不是

　　be far from 毫不, 一点也不, 远非, 几乎相反

　　例句：His explanation was far from satisfactory.

　　他的解释一点也不令人满意。

　　What he said was far from the truth.

　　他所说的远非事实。

　　2.twenty pounds’ worth of space 价值20镑的空地，其中worth是名词。

　　3.myriad permanent sites 无数的常年营地

　　4.hub to hub with 轮毂与……轮毂相接

　　5.bicycles made for two 双人自行车

　　6.the Splendide and the Bellavista 两大酒店的名字

　　7.shun 避开，避免

　　例句：They shun personal fame and gains.

　　他们不计个人名利。

　　This recluse shunned all company.

　　这位隐士不与任何人来往。

　　Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.

　　智者热爱真理,愚者回避真理。

　　He shunned meeting any of his friends.

　　他避免与他的任何朋友碰面。

　　8.affluent adj.富有的

　　例句：We live in an affluent society .

　　我们生活在一个富裕的社会中。

　　He was born to an affluent family.

　　他生在富裕人家。

　　A car and a house are considered as necessities in an affluent society.

　　在一个富裕的社会里,汽车和洋房都被当作是必需品。

　　9.say boo to a maitre d’hotel 对酒店的经理表示不满。say boo to a maitre d’hotel , 是从 not say boo to a goose(非常胆小，不敢得罪)演变而来的。在这个成语中， a goose 常被人们幽默地换成其他字眼。

　　10.Granted...but "虽然……但是……"这种句型中的Granted总放在句首，意思是Yes，相当于一个连接副词的作用。

　　11.in the shape of 以……形式出现的

　　12.entail vt.

　　①使必需

　　例句：This job entails a lot of hard work.

　　这项工作需要十分努力。

　　It will entail driving a long distance every day.

　　这意味着每天都要长途开车。

　　②带来

　　例句：The alteration would entail an expenditure of 50 pounds.

　　此项改变将带来为数五十英磅的花费。

　　③限定继承

　　例句：He would have sold the property long ago had it not been entailed.

　　这些财产若非限定继承的话，他早就卖掉了。

　　13.be to hand 垂手可得

　　14.cater for 迎合……

　　例句：TV must cater for many different tastes.

　　电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好。

　　Our politicians should learn to cater for the man in the street.

　　我们的政治家要学会投合广大普通群众的需要。

　　Unfortunately, these firms rarely cater for retail customers, the supposed beneficiaries of the crusade.

　　不幸的是，这些公司很少去投合中小投资者的需要，而中小投资者才是这项改革运动预期中的受益者。

　　15.be wary of 提防

　　例句：She was wary of strangers.

　　她对陌生人很警惕。

　　I would advise you to be wary of Kevin; he’s been gunning for you since you stole his girlfriend.

　　我想劝告你提防克文，自从你抢走了他的女朋友以来，他一直在寻找机会报复你。

　　16.alienate vt.

　　①使疏远

　　例句：We’d better not alienate ourselves from the colleagues.

　　我们还是不要与同事们疏远。

　　The Prime Minister’s policy alienated many of her followers.

　　首相的政策使很多拥护她的人疏远了她。

　　②离间

　　例句：His attempts to alienate the two friends failed.

　　他离间那一对朋友的企图失败了。

　　She tried to alienate him from his brother

　　她企图离间他和他的兄弟。

　　③让与

　　例句：The law required all citizens to alienate their prop