新概念英语第二册笔记-第56课.doc

Lesson 56 Faster than sound 比声音还快

【Text】
Once a year,a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part.After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour--much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.

【课文翻译】
旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次. 去年有很多汽车参加了这项比赛. 比赛开始之前, 人们异常激动. 最漂亮的汽车之一是罗尔斯-罗伊斯生产的银鬼汽车, 而最不寻常的一辆则要属只有3只轮子的奔驰牌汽车了. 该车造于1885年, 是参赛车中最老的一辆. 在好一阵喧闹的爆炸声之后, 比赛开始了. 很多汽车在途中就抛了锚, 而有些驾驶员花在汽车底下的时间比坐在汽车里面的时间还长. 然而还是有几辆汽车跑完了全程. 获胜的那辆车达到了时速40英里--远远超过任何对手. 它在接近终点时, 冲下了山坡, 驾驶员费了好大劲才把车停下来. 这次比赛使每个人都挺开心. 它虽然与现代汽车比赛大不相同, 但激动人心的程度并不亚于现代汽车大赛.

【New words and expressions】
sound 声音
excitement 激动，兴奋
handsome 漂亮的，美观的
Rolls-royce Benz 罗尔斯-罗伊斯（劳斯莱斯 奔驰
wheel 轮子
explosion 爆炸，轰响
course 跑道；行程
rival 对手
speed 疾驶 sped--sped
downhill 下坡

一． 单词讲解：

★sound
① n. 声音
sound n. 任何声音都可以
the sound of the wind
风声
the sound of the sea
大海的声音
the sound of a car
汽车的声音
the sound of music
音乐之声
the sound of voices
说话的声音
like the sound of one`s own voice
滔滔不绝的讲话（常指不想听别人说话，只听自己来说）

voice n. 人的声音
noise n. 和周围不和谐的声音, 躁音
② v. 听起来
That sounds good.
The news sounds real.
③ adj. 合理的 , 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的（等于 reasonable）
I have a piece of sound advice. 我有一个合理的建议。
+ly 一般变副词时
soundly adj. 香甜的
sleep soundly

★excitement n. 激动, 兴奋
excite 使。。。。兴奋，刺激
His story excites me very much. 他的故事令我非常激动。
The scene would excite the hardest man to pity. 那个场面就算是最铁石心肠的人也会同情的。
His speech excited everyone present to anger. 他的发言激怒了所有在场的人。
excitement n. 激动, 兴奋
Everyone is in a state of great excitement.
to one's excitement… 令某人激动的是……
To everyone’s excitement, though it was very difficult, he won the prize.
exciting adj. 令人激动的 （形容物）
The most exciting thing is that… 最令人激动的是……
The most surprising thing about it is that 最令人惊讶的事情是……
excited adj. 令人激动的 （形容人）
I was excited by the news.
It excited me that… 让我激动的是……

★handsome adj. 漂亮的, 美观的
handsome adj. 形容男孩, 英俊, 一般与男孩子连如
handsome 与人连用有阳刚的美，
与物相连表示美观大方，并表示制作精良；与女性连用的时候就表示这个女孩子有阳刚气，类似女侠的概念
Your husband is handsome.
This is a handsome car.
beautiful adj.漂亮的，美丽的
形容人的时候表示内在和外在美的统一, 完美的概念
You look beautiful.
Flowers are beautiful.
The picture is beautiful.
pretty adj. 美丽(用于女孩或小孩)，有柔美的意思
pretty跟男性连用就表示没有阳刚气，女性化
Your wife is pretty.
pretty boy / pretty girl / pretty woman
nice adj. 美好的(人，天气, 食物, 物品的品质等)
You are nice. 你长得不错
lovely adj. 可爱的
This is a lovely story. 这是一个可爱的故事
good-looking adj. 很好看的
smart adj. 小巧而美丽的(物)或时髦而美丽的(人)
She is smart.
cute adj.漂亮, 可爱的 常用来形容小孩
The baby is cute.
What a cute baby! 多漂亮的宝宝啊!
How cute you are! 你多漂亮啊!(可爱啊!)

★Rolls-Royce 罗尔斯-罗伊斯
★Benz 奔驰

★wheel 轮子
1.车轮，轮子
the wheels of a car 汽车的轮子
2. 方向盘，舵轮
be behind wheel/ sit behind wheel 握着方向盘(在开车/开船）
be at the wheel/ sit at the wheel 握着方向盘(在开车/开船）
America is a country on the wheel ? 美国是一个车轮上的国家。
Australia is a country on the back of sheep.澳大利亚是一个羊背上的国家。
wheel chair
轮椅
stretcher
担架

★explosion n. 爆炸, 轰响
explode
1.v
(使)爆炸，炸开
explode a bomb
引爆一枚炸弹
The fireworks exploded in his hand. 爆竹在他手里爆炸了。
2.（感情）迸发
The audience exploded with/in laughter. 观众哄然大笑。
explosion n. 爆炸声, 轰响
a bomb explosion 炸弹的爆炸
a great many loud explosions
explosive n. 爆炸物,炸药；adj. 爆炸(性)的, 爆发(性)的, 暴露

bomb n. 炸弹；vt. 投弹于, 轰炸
The bomb exploded.
★course n. 跑道，行程
① n. 跑道，行程，航线
A southward course 向南的路线
on the course 按照轨道运行
Many cars broke down on the course.
许多车在半路上抛锚了
The captain set a course for New York.
船长启程去纽约了。
off course 偏离轨道 of course 当然
② n. 过程；课程
The course of history 历史课程
An English course 英语课程
An art course 艺术课程
This term, I took/take seven courses. 这学期我学了七门课
The course of learning English is bitter (miserable), but the result is exciting.
学习英语的过程是痛苦的，但是结果是令人惊喜的。

★rival n. 对手
a business rival 商业对手
a violinist without rivals 无与伦比的小提琴家
rivals in love 情敌
a rival company 同行业
As a landscape painter, he is without rival.
作为山水画家，无人可与他匹敌。
competition n. 竞争, 竞赛
The person takes part in the competition.
competitor n. 竞争者, 对手
opposite n. 相反的事物；adj. 相对的, 对面的, 对立的, 相反的, 对等的, 对应的
opponent n. 对手, 反对者(持反对意见的人, 如辩论赛上的和政治上的)
enemy n. 敌人
rival adj. 势均力敌的；n. 势均力敌的对手

★speed（sped，sped）
① v. 疾驶，急行
The police car sped past us.
The two men sped out of the room.
② n. 速度
at the speed of 以……的速度 at a very low speed 以很慢的速度
at top speed/ at full speed 以全速
More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。越着急就越慢。
The car goes at the speed of 40 miles an hour / at 40 miles an hour.
speed up 速度的增加, 加速；slow down 减速
The fire engine sped along the street.
消防车急行过这条街道。
Speeding n. 超速行驶
A speeding ticket 超速罚款单
A parking ticket 违章停车罚款单

★downhill adv. 下坡
downstairs 下楼； upstairs 上楼
downriver 顺流而下 upriver 逆流而上
downwards 朝下 upwards 朝上
go downstairs go downhill 下山
downtown n.&adj.&adv. 市中心的商业区（反意词uptown 远离商业区）
I'll go to the downtown.

二．Key structures：
many与much既可用作限定词，又可以用作代词；many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词

There isn`t much(限定词)whisky, but you can have a little. 威士忌酒不多了，但是你可以喝一点。
Whisky是不可数名词，用much以及 a little修饰。Much表示许多， a little表示有一些。
There aren`t many(限定词) apples, but you can pick a few. 苹果不多了，但是你可以摘一些。
其中，many及a few修饰可数名词apple的复数。Many表示许多，a few 表示一些。

There isn`t much I can do to help him.
我帮不了他多少忙。Much指代一个不可数的东西，much在这里做代词。
Many of our products are sold overseas. 我们的许多产品销到了海外。
Many指代可数名词，在这里做代词用。 表“许多”还可以用 a lot of,可修饰[c],[u]，常用于肯定句中。
What a lot of presents! 多么多的礼物呀！在感叹句中，a lot of 修饰present的复数名词。
I saw quite a lot of her during the holidays. 假期中我见过她很多次。
There was lots of money in the safe.保险柜中没有很多钱。Safe做名词，是保险柜的意思。
Lots of 修饰不可数名词money
lot of和lots of 含义是一致的，口语中多用lots of
用于修饰可数名词的限定词有：
many 许多 a great many 许多 a good many 许多 a great number of 许多
a large number of 许多
few 几乎没有
a few 有一些
用于修饰不可数名词的限定词有：
much 许多,大量 a great deal of许多,大量 a good deal of 许多,大量
little 几乎没有
a little 有一些
a large amount of 许多,大量
即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的限定词有：
a lot of 许多,大量
lots of 许多,大量
plenty of 许多,大量
a large quantity of 许多,大量
large quantities of 许多,大量

练习
a great deal of excitement 许多的兴奋 (excitement 是不可数名词)
a great deal of pleasure 大量的乐趣
many of the cars 许多的汽车，many是代词
many cars 许多汽车，many是限定词
a great many loud explosions 许多的轰鸣声，explosion是可数名词，用great many修饰
表示对比关系

the same as, 和…一样
be different from 不同，不同于
My jacket is the same as yours. 我的夹克和你的事一样的。
相当于my jacket is like yours.
My jacket is different from yours.我的夹克和你的不一样。
相当于my jacket isn`t like yours.

三．课文讲解：
★Once a year, a race is held for old cars. 旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次.
（held是hold的过去分词）be held, 被召开，被举行
once a year,
每年一次，一年一次
once a week ,
一星期一次
once a month，
一个月一次
once(一次)---twice(两次)---three times(三次）---four times(四次）
once or twice
一两次
once
曾经
We once lived in San Francisco. 我们曾经住在旧金山。

★A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began.
去年有很多汽车参加了这项比赛. 比赛开始之前, 人们异常激动.
enter for
参加（比赛，考试）
join in
参加
take part in
参加
excitement是不可数名词，用great deal修饰

★ One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost.
最漂亮的汽车之一是劳斯莱斯银铃系列的车
Handsome adj （指男子）好看的，漂亮的，英俊的，相貌堂堂的
eg He is a very handsome young man. 他是一个非常清秀的年轻人。
pretty/beautiful adj （指妇女或儿童）很漂亮的

eg She used to be very pretty as a child. She is now a beautiful woman.
孩提时代她很漂亮，现在她是一个漂亮的女子了。
good-looking adj 好看的（复合词），即可以修饰女子，也可以修饰男子
eg She is a very good-looking girl, and her boy friend`s good-looking too.
她是个好看的女孩子，她的男朋友也很好看。
one of +(pl.)n. …之一

★ The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels.
最不寻常的一辆则要属只有3只轮子的奔驰牌汽车了.
the most unusual 最不寻常的

★ Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. 该车造于1885年, 是参赛车中最老的一辆.
built in 1885, 过去分词短语做状语，表示原因。相当于as it was built in 1885
（因为他建造于1885年）.可以还原成一个原因状语从句。
taking part现在分词短语作定语修饰car
take part 参加
take part in+(宾语） 参加…比赛，同意短语有，join in/ enter for
eg The professor took no small part in the dispute. 在那次争论中，这位教授参与不少。
take place （必要事件）发生
be held 被召开，举行
occur/happen （偶然事件）发生
eg The next race will take place in a year`s time. 下次比赛一年以后举行。

★ After a great many loud explosions, the race began. 一阵轰鸣之后，比赛开始了。
a great many +（pl.) 许多，大量。修饰复数名词

★ Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! 很多汽车在途中就抛了锚, 而有些驾驶员花在汽车底下的时间比坐在汽车里面的时间还长.
break down, 抛锚,出故障
eg The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统出故障了。
eg We broken down on the motorway. 我们在高速公路上抛锚了。
break
v
休息
eg Give me a break!

够了！住嘴！
without a break

毫不休息地
同义词 brake [breik] n 刹车，闸
put on the brakes 踩刹车

spend v 花（钱，时间，精力）于…
spend sth on+n …把（时间，金钱，精力）花在…上
eg He spent all his saving on a new car.他把所有的积蓄花光买了一辆新车。
eg He spent 50 dollars at the supermarket.在超市里面，他花了50美元。

spend…(in) doing sth 花(时间/金钱）做...；度过
I spent a month in Switzerland last summer. 去年夏天我在瑞士待了一个月。
-How did you spend your summer vacation? 你的暑假时怎么度过的？
-I spent it (in) reading and fishing. 我看书和钓鱼了。
Some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! 一些司机花在车下面
的时间比在车里的时间还要多。under和in在文中表示强烈的对比，有讽刺意味，要重读。

★ A few cars, however, complete the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals.
however 在中间做插入语.
of forty miles an hour 后置定语，修饰speed. （ I am boy of 6. 我是一个6岁的男孩）
reach vt 到达，达到，达成，伸出手；拿到
We will reach Beijing tonight. 我们今晚将到达北京。Reach是及物动词，后边直接加地点。
He reached the end of the novel. 他读完这本小说了。
I can`t reach the shelf.我够不到那个架子。
arrive at, arrive in/arrive at
必须用介词in或at,城市，国家，省份等大地方用in,车站，港口，机场村庄等小地 方用at
eg We arrived in New York yesterday. We arrived at the station in good time.
我们们昨天到达纽约，并赶到了车站。
much faster than any of its rivals.
much修饰比较级faster，表示快的多，表程度的
much hotter 热的多
much more expensive 远远贵的多
much slower 慢的多
She is much better today. 她今天好多了。
much也能修饰最高级
That was much the best meal I`ve ever tasted.
那是我吃过最好的一餐了。
Best表示最好的，用much起强调作用。
My favorite is usually much the most expensive.我最喜爱的通常是最贵的。
much faster than any of its rivals.
any做代词，表示任何一个，用于肯定句。
I think any of his movies would interest you. 我想他的任何一部电影都会让你感兴趣的。
Any of you can apply for the job. 任何一个人都可以申请这份工作。

★It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it.
它在接近终点时, 冲下了山坡, 驾驶员费了好大劲才把车停下来.
at the end of 在…结束时，在…的尽头
at the begining of 在…开始时，在…的开头
in the end， 最后，终于= at last
by the end of 在…结束之前= before the end of…
have trouble in doing sth 做…有困难
He has no trouble in operating the new machine.他操作这台新机器毫无困难。

★The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.
这次比赛使每个人都挺开心. 它虽然与现代汽车比赛大不相同, 但激动人心的程度并不亚于现代汽车大赛.
pleasure 是不可数名词，用great deal of 修饰
was different from 与…大不相同 not less…than 不亚于，不少于
She is not less charming than her daughter. 她的魅力不亚于她的女儿。
这句话暗含Her daughter may not be very charming.可能她的女儿不是很有魅力。
no less…than 与…一样，不比…差（强调比较双方程度都很高）
eg A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚和狗一样都是很聪明的动物.
（这里表示both are clever,都很聪明）
no less than … 以上,至少…，相当于 at least用法
no more than …以下,充其量，至多…，相当于 at most用法
eg He has no less than 200 dollars. 他至少有200美元。

Exercises
1 A lot of cars entered for this race. There were lots of cars in it.
A
much
许多，只能修饰不可数名词
B
lot of
不是争取的表达方式，应该是a lot of或者是lots of
C
lots of
相当于题干中的 a lot of用法
D
plenty
充足，plenty of是一个短语“足够的”，可修饰可数名词及不可数名词
2 It was built in 1885, so it was the oldest car in the race.
这是一个用连词"so"连接，表示结果的并列句。因此前半句就应该是一个有主谓结构的句子。
A B
It built
Built
意义不完整，不能构成一个独立的句子 意义不完整，不能构成一个独立的句子
C
D
It was built
Having built

意义不完整，不能构成一个独立的句子
3 It went faster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its competitors.
A
opponents
n
对手，敌手，反对者；指同某人对立的敌方
B
enemies
n
敌人
C
competitors
n
竞争者，对手，指比赛中的竞争者
D
partners
n
伙伴，合作者，舞伴
4 In the course of the discussion the issue of equal pay for woman was raised.
在讨论过程中，关于给予妇女同等薪酬的问题被提了出来。
A B
In the case of
In the event of
在事件中 在事件中
C D
In the course of
In the way of
为固定词组，“在…过程中，在…期间”
在…方法中