中考英语单项选择题部分知识点讲解.doc

中考英语 单项选择 相关讲解
几组近义动词和动词词组辨析

1．几个“花费”：spend, take, pay, cost.
　（1）spend多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。spend … on sth / （in） doing sth，
例如：I spent 15 yuan on this new book.
　（2）take常用于 "It takes sb. some time to do sth" 句型中，例如：
　It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.
（3）pay常与for连用，表“付给……款”。例如：
　　　　I paid 15 Yuan for this new book.
　（4）cost常用物作主语，表“价值或花费多少钱”，例如：
　　　　This new book cost me 15 Yuan.
2．几个“看”：look, see, watch, read, find
　（1）look 看，表动作，look at。例如：Please don’t look out of the window.
　（2）see 看见，表结果；也可说看电影“see a film”。例如：
　　　　His father saw him sitting on some eggs.
　（3）watch 观看比赛、演出、电视等。
　（4）read读书看报等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now.
3．几个与“看”有关的词或词组：look for, find, find out, look after, take care of,
look over, look forward to,
　（1）look for　寻找，表过程；find发现，找到，表结果；find out 找出，查明。例如：
　　　 I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldn’t find it anywhere.
　（2）look after, take care of 均表示“照看，照顾”。
　（3）look over 检查身体等。
　（4）look forward to盼望……，期待……。例如：
　　　　I am looking forward to your letter.
She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents in Dalian.
4．几个“说”：say, speak, talk, tell
　（1）say接说话的内容，作及物动词。say sth to sb. 对某人说某事。例如：
　　　 Did you say goodbye to your granny?
　（2）speak常指能说某种语言，打电话时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容。例如：
　　　 We can speak Chinese and English.
　　　 May I speak to Henry?
　　　 He will speak at the meeting tonight.
　（3）talk多是不及物动词，指交谈、谈论；做名词时有演讲、报告之意。例如：
　　　 They are talking about their friends now.
I will talk to your father about your health next time.
Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting.
　（4）tell的意思是“告诉某人……；讲述……；吩咐某人做……”。多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。例如：
　　　 I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
Granny often tells me funny stories.
The policeman told us not to play football in the street again.
5．几个“穿，戴”：put on, wear, dress, in
　（1）put on指“穿上、戴上”的意思，强调动作，代词多放在中间。例如：
　　　 Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy.
He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out.
　（2）wear指“穿着，戴着”，表示状态。例如：
　 -“What is she wearing?” - “She’s wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.”
　（3）dress指“给某人穿衣服”，其宾语多是人。例如：
　　 My mother is dressing herself.
My little brother is too young. Mom dresses him every morning.
dress up 指“穿上盛装，打扮”
　（4）in 后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着……颜色衣服的”。例如：
　　　 The man in black is my father.
Have you seen a boy in a red sweater?
6．几个“到达”：reach, arrive in / at, get to
　（1）reach是个及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。例如：
　　　　We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.
　（2）arrive是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at（在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in，较小的地方或单位前用at）。
例如： We have already arrived in Shanghai.
They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.
　（3）get to 表示到达，多用于口语中。例如：
　　　　I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.
注意：当表示到达here, there, home时，arrive或get后不要加介词。
例如：When did you get home? When will you arrive there?
7．几个“带、拿”：bring, take, get, carry
（1）bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。例如：
　　　　You’d better finish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
May I bring Tom along?　　　Bring the book to me, please.
（2）take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到” 离说话人较远处。例如：
　　　　Could you take the book to the classroom? I am busy now.
（3）get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如：
　　　　Will you get that book for me?
　（4）carry不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如
　　　　The buses and taxis are carry people here and there.
The box is so heavy that the little boy can’t carry it.
8．几个与“听”有关的词或词组：listen to, hear, hear of, hear from
（1）listen to 听……，表示听的动作。
　（2）hear 听见，听到。表示结果。例如：
　　　　I listened to the speaker carefully, but I couldn’t hear anything.
（3）hear of 听说……。例如：
　　　　Have you heard of this news?
　（4）hear from收到某人的信息或来信。例如：
　　　　I heard from my friend in Australia last week.
9．beat和win
（1）beat表示“赢”或“打败”，后面要接被打败的对手。例如：
　　　　Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1.
（2）win用作及物动词时，后面接的不是被打败的对手，而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等。例如：
　　　　Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.
10．rise和raise
（1）rise是不及物动词，表示“上升、提高、增长”等。例如：
　　　　The sun rises in the east.
Our country’s international prestige（国际声望）is rising continually.
　（2）raise是及物动词，表示“举起、抬起”。
　　　　He raised his hand picked an apple.
11．borrow, lend和keep
（1）borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from连用。例如：
　　　　May I borrow some money from you?
You can borrow books from the library.
（2）lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to连用。例如：
　　　　Could you lend me some money?
The library lends books to the students.
（3）keep表示“保存”，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如：
　　　　How long may I keep the book? I have kept the book for 3 weeks.
12．receive和accept　
　（1）receive的意思是“收到了……”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。例如：
　　　　I received a gift from her, but I returned it back to her this morning.
（2）accept表示“接受……”，“同意接纳……”。如接受物体、邀请、批评等。
He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.
13．answer与reply
　（1）answer意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等，多作及物动词。例如：
　　　　Who can answer my question?　
I called you, but no one answered the telephone.
　（2）reply　意为“回答、答复”，是不及物动词，后需加介词to, at等再加宾语。例如：
　　　　He didn’t want to reply to my questions.
14．hope与expect
　（1）hope指主观上的愿望，但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性，常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出的短语。例如：
　　　　I hope you will come to see me again when you are 100 years old.
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
（2）expect着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望”等，其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句。例如：
　　　　I am expecting that you will come soon.
She is expecting a letter from him.
15．lie和lay
（1）lie有多个意思：表示“躺；展示；位于”时，其变化是：lay, lain, lying；
　　　　　　　　　　 表示“说谎”时，其变化是：lied, lied, lying
例如：I saw an old man lying on the street.
Don’t believe him. He always lies.
（2）lay的含意是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是：laid, laid, laying.
I can’t find my book anywhere. I remember that I laid it on the desk last night.

习题精选
1. She has 　　　　　 the library book for two weeks.
A. kept B. lent C. borrowed D. keeping
2. –“How to learn English well, Miss Read?”
–“First, try to English in and out of class as much as possible.
A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak
3. It’s hot here. Why not your coat?
A. take off B. dress up C. try on D. put on
4. We start early tomorrow morning to the top of the hill before the sun rises.
A. spend B. reach C. go D. get
5. I am thirsty, please me a bottle of water.
A. take B. carry C. pull D. bring
6. Mother said that cooking much time every day.
A. paid B. took C. made D. spent
7. People usually “hello” to each other when they make a phone call.
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
8. With the help of computers, news can every corner of the world.
A. get B. arrive C. return D. reach
9. It’s too dark in the room. You can nothing.
A. look B. look at C. see D. watch
10. My father enjoys the newspapers after supper.
A. looking B. watching C. finding D. reading
11. It me about two hours to do my homework every day.
A. takes B. costs C. spends D. pays
12. He spoke in a low voice, so nobody could him.
A. listen B. listen to C. hear D. hear from
13. Can you it in English?
A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
14. What will your friend us from America?
A. take B. bring C. carry D. make
15. You can see the sun in the east at this time if it is a fine day.
A. to rise B. rising C. raising D. to raise

非谓语形式：
⑴．不定式
①意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语﹙动词宾语﹚、宾语补足语、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚、状语。
②．构成：不定式= to﹢动词原形
③．否定结构= not to do sth
④．复合结构= for sb.﹙not﹚ to do sth
⑤．与疑问词连用：如what to do
⑥．在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看﹙look see watch﹚两听﹙listen hear﹚一感觉﹙feel﹚，注意﹙notice﹚使﹙make﹚让﹙let have﹚帮﹙help﹚→可不省。
⑦．形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用it来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，“it”叫形式主语。
⑵．动名词
①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。作主语、宾语﹙包括介词宾语和动词宾语﹚、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚等。
②．构成：动名词=V+ing
③. 否定结构= not doing sth
④. 复合结构=one’﹙ not﹚doing sth
⑶．现在分词
①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。
②．用法：常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。
⑷．过去分词
①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。
②．用法：常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。
3．举例说明：
⑴.I want① to give up② studying ③at school to look after ④ my sick mother at home.
点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般现在时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→动名词。④非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。
⑵．The teacher told ①us not to forget ②to turn off ③the lights when we left④ the room
点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。④作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。
﹙3﹚Look, There is① a boy taking down② a picture put up③on the wall.
点拨：①作谓语→一般现在时。②非谓语→相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动→现在分词.③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→表示被动→过去分词.
﹙二﹚．既要求同亦要寻异
凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此，在把握
实义动词基本用法的大前提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用
法，做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意：
1．介词﹢动名词 如：You can watch TV after fishing your homework.
2．动词﹙词组﹚﹢动名词 这样的动词有：
give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事
stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 练习做某事
enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 finish doing 做完某事
complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事
mind doing 介意做某事 spend…﹙in﹚doing 花费时间做某事
can’t stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事
be worth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事
avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事
pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 习惯做某事
excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事
carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书
make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳
为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing盼望做某事
prefer doing to doing与做某事比， take a swimming course 上游泳课
更喜欢做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事
stick doing 坚持做某事 take the leading position 站主导地位
consider doing 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事
miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事
risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议
3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同：
⑴.like/love/hate
① doing：表示习惯 例：I like getting up early every morning.
② to do：表示具体活动 例：Can you come out to play with me ?
⑵．Stop
① doing：停止做某事﹙某事不做了﹚例：Please stop working if you are tired.
② to do：停下来去做某事﹙某事要做﹚例：I am tired to have a rest.
⑶．go on
① doing：继续做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades.
② to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college.
⑷.remember
① doing：记得做过的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere.
② to do：记得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room.
⑸.forget
① doing：忘记做过的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere
② to do：忘记要做的事 例：Don’t forget to turn off the light when leaving the room
⑥.need/want/require
① doing：表示被动 例The blackboard needs cleaning﹦The blackboard needs to be
cleaned.
② to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest.
⑺.try
① doing：试着做某事 例：Let me try driving for you.
② to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time.
⑻.continue
① doing：继续做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better
grades.
② to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college.
⑼.can’t help
① doing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he can’t help jumping.
② to do：不能帮助做某事 例：Sorry, I can’t help to do it for you.
⑽.mean
①.doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling him the news now.
②. to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorrow.
⑾.agree
①. on doing：对做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon.
②. to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday.
⑿ .decide
①. on doing：对做某事做出决定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on.
②．to do：决定要做某事 例：I decide to go abroad for study.
⒀.encourage
①. doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the
environment
②. sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard.
⒁.allow
①. doing：允许做某事例：We don’t allow smoking here
②. sb. to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We don’t allow you to smoke here

⒂.advise
①. doing：建议做某事 例：We advise going skating tomorrow.
②. sb. to do：建议某人做某事 例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.
⒃.permit
①. doing：允许做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.
②. sb. to do：允许某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter.
⒄.begin/start 开始做某事
①.doing：“doing” 为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态 例：Let’s begin running.
②. to do：“do” 为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时 例：I began to believe what he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain.
⒅.plan
①. on doing对做某事做出计划 例：We have decided on building a school next year.
②. to do计划做某事 例：：We have decided to build a school next year.

1． 基本用法：
情态动词加动原，不随主语人称变；否定常需not帮，疑问提到主语前。
2． 情态动词小结：
can could may might must will would shall should dare
had better ought to have\has\had to be able to need
3.举例说明：
⑴. can
①.“能够”﹙常用于一般现在时﹚ 例：I start so early so that I can get to school on time.
②.“可能”，表示推测“肯定” 例： He has gone to Beijing, So he can not be at work now.
⑵．could
①.“能够”﹙用于一般过去时﹚例：I started so late that I could not catch the bus.
②．“能够”﹙用于一般现在时，表示更加委婉的语气﹚例：Could you please help me?
③．“可能”，表示推测“肯定” 例：He could not be at home because I had seen him at school.
⑶．may
①.“可以”﹙用于一般现在时﹚例：You may do it now or tomorrow.
②．“可能”﹙用于一般现在时，表示推测且可能性较小﹚例：He can not come to school because he may be ill.
⑷．might:“可以” ﹙may的一般过去时﹚
⑸．must
①.“必须、一定”表示主观意愿 例：We must study hard for our country.
②.“一定”，表示推测，可能性较大 例：The book must be his because his name is on it.
⑹．will “愿意”﹙用于一般现在时，表示委婉语气 适用于主语是所有人称.例：Will you please give
me a hand?
⑺．would“愿意”：用于一般现在或一般过去时，比will语气更委婉 ，适用于主语是
所有人称. .例：Would he like something to eat?
⑻．shall“愿意”：用于一般现在时，表示委婉语气 适用于主语是第一人称。Shall we start?
⑼．should“应该”：表示主观意愿，用于各种时态和所有人称。 例：We should work hard.
⑽．dare“敢” 例：How dare you say that?
⑾．had better“最好”：变疑问“had”提到主语前，变否定在“better”后加“not”
例：You had better not be late next time.
⑿. ought to“理应”： 变疑问“ought”提到主语前，变否定在“ought”后加“not”
例：He oughtn’t to do such things.
⒀．have\has\had to“不得不”： 表示客观因素的迫使。变疑问和否定借助do/does/did.
例：Do I have to finish my homework tonight?
⒁. be able to“能够”﹙有各种时态﹚例：You will be able to do it well.
⒂．need“必要”： 用于一般现在时。例：You need not write it again