资源描述
Section B 宝山
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. package B. appealing C. elimination D. alternative E. limited F. practically
G. matched H. creatively I. unique J. temporary K. enclosed
When young people begin to live independently, home-hunting can involve some stress. But they would do well to remember that a new __41__ is available --micro-homes.
Called "tiny houses," these houses have all living necessities in a small __42__, including kitchen, bedroom and bathroom. Generally under 50 square meters, most tiny houses accommodate just one or two people though some claim the space for more. What's lost in size is not lost in design as these homes are often quite unique and modern in design.
Besides an attractive appearance, tiny houses can also boast __43__ practical features. Making the best of urban space, the 72-to 122-centimeter-wide Keret House in Warsaw, the world's narrowest home, filled in a corridor. The prototype (原型) home Ecocapsule uses solar power, wind power and rainwater collection to enable its owner to live __44__ anywhere. A system of rails allows the DALE micro-home to adjust room size and number as well as adding the option of an open or __45__ courtyard.
Visually __46__ as micro-homes are, there are a few drawbacks to consider before getting comfortable on a mini-couch. Moving into a tiny house requires the __47__ of most non-essentials, no matter the emotional connection to them. Guests will also mostly be out of the question as the __48__ space may even cause an unaccompanied individual to experience some cabin fever. And finally, a micro-home is likely a(n) __49__ living option for most people since they will probably start families and acquire more possessions.
Though the limitations will scare some, there is usually a benefit. A small size results in a small price tag and small bills, making tiny houses easier to save up for and budget. And though you won't have much stuff around the house, this can provide the comfort of simple living and maintenance. Micro-homes are also practically mobile and boast eco-friendliness that can't be __50__ by other homes. They probably aren't for everyone or forever, but when it comes to your next (or first) home, they could be just what you need.
Section B 普陀
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.comment B.complex C.depression D.expect E. equivalent
F. hold G.mapped H.recommended I.handle J.noted K.severe
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or a(n) __41__ relationship. The effect was first __42__ in 1858by William Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effects __43__ for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can __44__ to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same __45__ problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are, __46__ affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of __47__ later in life. People in supportive relationships may __48__ stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all __49__ if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being __50__ out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
Section B （10分）松江
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. primarily B. delayed C. interact D. equivalent E. identified
F. intentions G. acquisition H. overwhelming I. permanently J. comparative
k. necessity
Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good ___41___ , their advice to families is misguided, and it arises from misunderstandings about the process of language ___42___. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become ___43___ confused and thus their language development will be ___44___. Children are capable of learning more than one language, whether simultaneously (同时地) or sequentially (依次地). In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an asset (资产) and even a ___45___ in many areas.
It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given ___46___ to poor families with limited educational opportunities, not to wealthier families who have many educational advantages. Since children from poor families often are ___47___ as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advising families to speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two languages to be too ___48___ for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations.
If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how can they communicate in English? Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only English is ___49___ to telling them not to communicate with or ___50___ with their children. Moreover, the underlying message is that the family’s native language is not important or valued.
Section B 闵行
A. indicator B. predict C. process D. movement E. adapt
F. tracked G. formation H. deliberate I. similar J. advantageous K. surprised
Dogs Used to Be More Like Cats
Researchers studying fossils (化石) of the early ancestors of dogs that lived up to 40 million years ago believe the predators (捕食性动物) evolved as a direct consequence of climate change. The study claims the (41)______ transformed man’s best friend from a creature that behaved more like a cat, into the canine (犬) we know and love today.
Ancestors of dogs living in North America 40 million years ago were ambush (伏击式) predators—in a(n) (42)______ way to cats’. But a million years later, the thick forest that once covered the continent began to give way to grasslands. This led to a(n) (43)______ in the body shape and hunting behavior of dogs, turning them into animals that no longer (44)______ their prey (猎物), but chased it down instead.
This evolutionary transition was (45)______ by the scientists who examined the elbows and teeth of 32 species of dogs that lived between 40 million and two million years ago.
“The elbow is a really good (46)______ of what carnivores (食肉动物) are doing with their forelimbs (前肢), which tells their entire (47)______ abilities,” said Brown University’s Christine Janis, who led the study.
The research was based on an analysis of fossil specimens (标本) in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. It suggests dog evolution was directly related to climate change. After all, it was not (48)______ to operate as a pursuit-and-pounce predator until there was room to run.
If predators evolved with climate change over the last 40 million years, the authors argue they may continue to (49)______ in response to the present global warming trend. In this way, the results of the study could help (50)______ how animals may look in the future.
Section B金山
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. moderately B. chances C. accommodate D. volume E. conflicting F. flow G. constant H. tapped I. instinct J. seemingly K. slowing
There’s nothing that will ruin your day faster than being stuck in a traffic jam all morning, and it’s even worse when there’s (41) ________ no reason for it. There’s a lot of interesting science behind traffic, though, and while understanding it might not make sitting in it any better, it can teach you how to avoid some of the mistakes we all make behind the wheel.
1. The way we merge (合并) causes problems
Whether you’re merging from the left or the right, (42) ________ are good that you’re doing it wrong and causing all sorts of problems. When most people see that they need to merge, their first (43) ________ is to do it right away. They brake, slow down, speed up, and change lanes in between oncoming traffic. According to the Minnesota department of Transportation, that’s completely wrong. Sudden (44) ________ causes traffic to back up, a problem that’s made worse by sudden lane changes and other cars braking to (45) ________ the merging traffic.
So what should you do? Exactly what you probably blame drivers for doing: waiting until the last minute. If you do that, traffic will fall into a more natural pattern called a “zipper merge”, meaning there are no surprises, no sudden braking, and a smoother transition from one lane to another, which cuts down on backups. This does, of course, rely on other drivers to let you in at the last minute and be polite enough not to cut you off, which causes all sorts of other problems.
2. You are causing the traffic Jams you hate
Traffic jams have long been chalked up to (取决于) the (46) ________ of traffic on the roads, but it turns out that even heavy traffic can (47) ________ smoothly if people maintain a (48) ________ speed. The problem is that we can’t. Researchers have found that just one person even slightly stepping on their brakes can have a terrible effect on the traffic around them.
On even (49) ________ busy road, it can be only a few minutes for traffic to a complete halt behind someone who (50) ________ their brakes to let another driver merge. The standstill usually occurs several minutes after the braking, well after the person that causes the problem in the first place has gone on his way.
Section B崇明
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. shrunk
B. laziness
C. limited
D. squeezed
E. gravity
F. literary
G. melting
H. element
I. targeted
J. future
K. time-consuming
As further proof that you can now 3D-print anything, a company called Natural Machines has introduced a 3D printer for food.
The “Foodini”, as it’s called, isn’t too different from a regular 3D printer, but instead of printing with plastics, it prints eatable ingredients 41 out of steel capsules (容器): “It’s the same technology,” says Lynette Kucsma, co-founder of Natural Machines, “but with plastics there’s just one
42 point, while with food it has different temperatures and consistencies (粘稠度). Also, 43
works a little bit against us, as food doesn’t hold the shape as well as plastic.”
At the Web Summit technology conference in Dublin, the Barcelona-based startup is showing off the machine, which it says is the only one of its kind capable of printing a wide range of dishes.
“In fact, this is a mini food manufacturing plant 44 down to the size of an oven,” Kucsma said, pointing out that at least in the initial stage the printer will be 45 mostly at professional kitchen users, with a consumer version to follow.
In principle, the Foodini sounds like the final 46 aid: press a button to print your food. But Natural Machines is quick to point out that it’s designed to take care only of the difficult and 47
parts of food preparation that discourage people from cooking at home, and that it promotes healthy eating by requiring fresh ingredients prepared before printing.
Nevertheless, the company is working with major food manufacturers to create pre-packaged plastic capsules that can just be loaded into the machine to make food, even though they assure these will be free of preservatives, with a shelf life 48 to five days.
The printing process is slow, but faster than regular 3D printing. Other than being capable of creating complex designs, the Foodini can be useful for recipes that require accuracy and skillfulness, like homemade pizza or filled pasta.
Currently, the device only prints the food, which must be then cooked as usual. But a(n) 49
model will also cook the preparation and produce it ready to eat.
The idea also comes with a social 50 too. “There’s a touchscreen on the front that connects to a recipe site in the cloud, so it’s an internet-of-things, connected kitchen appliance,” said Kucsma. Users will also be able to control the device remotely using a smartphone, and share their recipes with the community.
Section B长宁
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accommodate
B. alternative
C. boast
D. budget
E. elimination
F. enclosed
G. maintaining
H. possessions
I. regulate
J. tempting
K. unaccompanied
When young people begin to live independently, home-hunting can involve some stress. But they would do well to remember that a new _____41_____ is available - micro-homes.
Fondly called ‘tiny houses,’ these houses have all living necessities in a small package, including kitchen, bedroom and bathroom. Generally under 50 square meters, most tiny houses _____42_____ just one or two people though some claim the space for more. What’s lost in size is not lost in design as these homes are often quite unique and modern in design.
Besides an attractive appearance, tiny houses can also _____43_____ unique practical features. Makin
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