unit-3-A-Hanging.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,George Orwell(1903-1950),Pen name/pseudonym,of Eric Arthur Blair,British novelist,journalist,social critic,born in India,educated at Eton College,served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma,His work is marked by a profound consciousness of social injustice,an intense,revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism(,极权主义,),a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism(,民主社会主义,).,乔治 奥威尔,G-R:author-2,Orwells major works:,Novels,Burmese Days,(1934),Coming Up for Air,(1939),Animal Farm,(1945),Nineteen Eighty-Four,(1949),Essays,Shooting an Elephant,猎象记,(1936),A Hanging,行刑,(1936),The Lion and Unicorn:Socialism and the English Genius,狮子与独角兽,(1941),Reflections on Gandhi,甘地的思考,(1949),Inside the Whale,(1940),Boys Weeklies,(1940),Famous quotes,“Who controls the past controls the future.Who controls the present controls the past.”,“Minds are like parachutes,they only function when open”,“Four legs good,two legs bad.”,His Influence,Orwells influence on popular and political culture remains apparent,with numerous of his literary concepts,and the term Orwellian entering the popular vernacular.,Pre-reading Questions,How much do you know about criminal law?,What kind of punishments including in our nation?,Do you think the death penalty should be abolished in a civilized society?,Criminal Law in China,Public Surveillance(,监视,),Criminal Detention,（拘留）,fixed-term imprisonment,life imprisonment,the death penalty (,putting a condemned person to death,also called execution,capital punishment),decapitationguillotine,China France,Types of Death Penalty,Cut throatespecially in Roman Arena;another name is Romans Penalty.,Hanging,Tear the body limp from limp by five horses,As a famous representative person of Legalists,(,法家流派,),in the period of Warring State,（战国时期）,Shang Yang was a distinguished statesmen and jurist from the new emerging landlord class,Shooting,Electric Chair,Injection Death,General Idea,The text,which is a descriptive narration,relates a true story about the execution of a condemned prisoner in Burma.,The whole story is full of dynamic,gruesome(horrifying),and miserable narrative descriptions that are impressive and unforgettable.,Structural Analysis,Part 1,(P1)the introductory part,which presents the background knowledge,(P2-14)the body of the storydescribing how a condemned prisoner was escorted to the gallows,how he behaved and walked.,Part 2,Part 3,(P15-22)form the end of the story,atmosphere after the hanging,Burma,:n.,缅甸,（,a country in Southeast Asia,）,sodden,:adj.extremely wet and heavy,e.g.:,sodden clothes,clothes sodden with rain,rain-sodden hair,The earth was sodden.,We were waiting outside,the condemned cells,a row of sheds fronted with double bars,like small animal cages.,the,condemned cells,:,the very small rooms in a prison where prisoners,who had been sentenced to death and who were due to be hanged within a week or two,were being kept.,a row of sheds fronted with double bars:,a line of one story buildings whose front was strengthened with both inner and outer bars,Each cell measured about,ten feet by ten,and was quite,bare,within except for a plank bed and a pot for drinking water.,ten feet by ten,:,ten feet long and ten feet wide,bare:adj.empty,squat,:v.,sit on ones heels or on the ground with the knees drawn up under or close to the body,;occupy an empty building or land,e.g.:,The old man was squatting down by the fire,smoking a tobacco pipe.,Some homeless people were squatting in that deserted house.,drape sth.round/over sth.else:hang(cloth,curtains,a cloak etc.)loosely on sth.Else,e.g.:,A fur coat was draped round her shoulders.,Dustsheets were draped over the furniture in the house.,summing up,of Paragraph 1,The first,paragraph of the first part can also be served as the first,part of the,whole,narrative story,introduces the setting and the characters of the story and briefly describes the bad living conditions of the condemned men,who lived in small cells,each of which measured about ten feet by ten and were quite bare within.,warder:,n.a jailer,a prison guard,gallows,绞架,handcuff,n.a pair of lockable linked metal rings for securing a prisoners wrists,vt.put handcuffs on,e.g.The detective took out his handcuffs and put it on the mans wrist.,The policeman pounced upon the terrorist and had him handcuffed before he could make an attempt to resist.,lash,vt.fasten things together securely with ropes,etc.;tie sth.,firmly to another;hitvery hard with a whip,stick etc.,e.g.,The slave traders lashed the slaves tightly to the rings on the board.,Oliver lashed the horse to go faster.,“But he stood quite unresisting,yielding his arms limply to the ropes,as though he hardly noticed what was happening.”,Paraphrase,But he stood,without putting up any resistance.He let the warders bind up his limp arms with the ropes,as if he were not aware of what was happening.,limply,adv.,(of limbs)in a soft,weak manner;in a way which lacks strength or energy,e.g.,He gestured and responded limply,for he had been much weakened physically.,float,vi.,move in air,water or gas;drift slowly,e.g.,1.Look!A red and yellow balloon is,floating,across the blue sky.,2.The aroma of the coffee,floated,from the kitchen.,The superintendent of the jail,who was standing apart from the rest of us,moodily poking the gravel with his stick.,Paraphrase,The head of the prison,who was standing at a distance from the rest of us,feeling so gloomy and sullen that he was poking the gravel with his stick.,prod,vi.,to poke sth.with ones finger or sth.pointed,e.g.,The boy is prodding the sandy beach with a stick,enjoying it very much.,G-R:culture notes-Dravidian,Dravidian,达罗毗荼族人，德拉威人,the term applied to a linguistically related group of people in India composed mainly of the traditionally lower caste members of Indian society such as the Tamil(,泰米尔人,)and more isolated highland tribes such as the Ghats,（高止山人）,and the Todas,At the slope,左肩扛枪（军）,puddle,n.,a small pool of water,esp.of rain water on a path or road,unspeakable,adj.,(usu.derogatory)indescribable;that can not be expressed in words,e.g.,I was shocked by the,unspeakable,cruelty of the terrorists who killed so many innocent people.,The writer of this narrative piece laid bare the,unspeakable,corruption of the government.,On his way to the gallows,the prisoner sidesteps a puddle.Why does this action strike Orwell so powerfully?,He still has,human instinct,because people tend to avoid what will them uncomfortable,just as the puddle for him.,This is,ironic,because he is about to die,and yet he doesnt want his feet to be wet.,Whats the function of parallelism in this expression?,All the organs of his body were working,bowels digesting food,，,skin renewing itself,，,nails growing,all toiling away in solemn foolery.,This describes how a man about to be hung,acts as if everything is normal.The author uses parallelism to show the reader how he is against capital punishment,on the drop:,on the trapdoor on the gallows,one mind less,，,one world less,.,We will lose a man who can also think and reason like us and who is also unique individual like each of us.,少了一个心灵，少了一个世界。,What qualities the author has through his silent angry?,Kind,Caring,Hearty,Sincere,第,8,段 中文译文,真奇怪，在那一刻之前，我从来没有意识到把一个活生生的、身体健康的人置于死地是怎么回事。等看到那死囚为了避开水坑向旁边侧一步的时候，我发现了将一个正当壮年的生命戛然而止的神秘，那是一种无以言表的错误。那个人不是生命垂危，他活着，像我们一样活着。他身体里的所有器官还在运作,肠子在消化食品、皮肤在自我更新、指甲在生长、细胞组织在形成,全在一本正经地、愚蠢地忙碌着。他站在那块活动踏板上的时候，指甲还在长；当他从空中落下来的时候，他还有十分之一秒的时间活着。他的双眼将看见黄颜色的沙砾地面和灰颜色的墙壁，他的头脑仍然会记忆、预见和思考,甚至会思考那个水坑。他和我们是一起向前走的一群人，看见、听见、感觉、理解同一个世界。然而，两分钟后，突然咔嗒一声，我们当中有一个将死去,少了一个头脑，少了一个世界。,convict,n.,a person who has been convicted of crime and who is being punished,esp.by imprisonment,e.g.,All the,convicts,in the prison were due to be hanged in a couple of weeks.,servile,adj.,too ready to obey others;lacking independence,e.g.,I strongly dislike his servile flattery and his,servile,manner.,noose,n.,a loop with a running knot,tightening as the rope is pulled,When the,noose,was fixed,the prisoner was blindfolded.,The convicted man is facing the hangmans,noose,.,His debts were a noose around his neck.,e.g.,reiterate,vt.,say or do sth.again or repeatedly,e.g.,The professor reiterated his proposal so that everybody might consider it carefully.,He reiterated the importance of good health in his speech,Ram,罗摩（印度教最高神）,Ram is the 7th incarnation of Vishnu,（毗瑟,挐，印度教主神之一；守护神,）,and the central figure of the Ramayana,（,罗摩衍那）,epic.The Ramayan is the very soul of India.It is a complete guide to God-realization,the path to which lies in righteousness.,罗摩,印度史诗,罗摩衍那,男主人公，后成为,印度教,崇奉的神。为“罗摩派”所信奉。,该派认为，只要虔信罗摩，并默念他的名字，便可得以解脱。,对罗摩的崇拜在印度民间非常流行。正统印度教中罗摩是一手持弓，身后背箭的形象。,toll,vt.,ring a bell with slow,regular strokes,esp.for a death or funeral,e.g.,The bell is being,tolled,for the death of the soldiers.,falter,vi.,(of ones voice)waver;speak hesitatingly;act,move,or walk hesitatingly usu.because of fear,weakness,or indecision,e.g.,His voice,faltered,as he tried to speak.,Jane walked boldly up to the platform without,faltering,.,The commander,faltered,for some time before he declared the command.,dangle,v.,hang or swing loosely;hold sth.so that it swings loosely,I have a bunch of keys,dangling,at the end of a chain.,He,dangled,his watch in front of the baby.,e.g.,dangle something before/in front of sb,诱惑某人，吊某人胃口,近景悬挂致死图一张,revolve,v.,(of a planet,etc.)move in a circular orbit;(cause to)go round in a circle;,rotate,;centre on sb.or sth.,The earth revolves,around the sun on its axis.,The discussion revolved around the measures to be taken to ease traffic congestion.,e.g.,oscillate,v.,(cause to)move repeatedly and regularly from one position to another and back again;keep moving backwards and forwards between two extremes of feeling,behavior,opinion,etc.;waver,A pendulum oscillates.,People who suffer from depressives oscillate between depression and excitement.,The price of grain slightlyoscillatedlast year.,e.g.,ladle,vt.,serve food with a ladle or in large quantities;distribute sth.(too)lavishly,She,ladled cream over her pudding.,She isnt the one to ladle out praise,but when she says Good,she means it.,e.g.,homely,adj.,plain and simple;(of a place)making sb.feel comfortable,A,homely,woman is one who lives a plain and simple life.,It is a,homely,place,which makes one feel comfortable.,e.g.,jolly,adj.,happy and cheerful;lively and pleasant;delightful or enjoyable,e.g.,A jolly person laughs in a jolly manner.,We attended a jolly party last weekend.,impulse,n.,sudden urge to act without thinking about the results;tendency to act in this way;push or thrust;,stimulus,;,impetus,e.g.,He felt an irresistible impulse to jump.,I am not a man of,i,mpulse.,The government has given an impulse to agricultural development.,appeal,n.,act of taking a question to a higher court where it can be heard again and a new decision can be given;earnest request;attractiveness or interest,e.g.,Everyone has the right of,appeal,.,The poor country made an,appeal,for help,especially for food.,Does jazz hold any,appeal,for you?,garrulously,adv.,talking away about unimportant things,e.g.,Some people tend to talk garrulously about trifles.,Derivation:,garrulous adj.,e.g.,He became garrulous after a few glasses of wine.,几杯酒下肚之后他便唠唠叨叨说个没完。,genially,adv.,kindly;pleasantly;sociably,Our teacher presents his lectures genially.,The old lady genially smiled at the lovely children.,e.g.,Whats the reactions of the warders and onlookers after the hanging?,One felt an impulse to sing,to break into a run,to,snigger,.,I found that I was,laughing,quite loudly.Everyone was laughing.,The superintendent,grinned,in a tolerant way,we(the author and warders)burst into a loud,chuckling,snigger,v.laugh quietly in a way that is not nice at sth.which is not supposed to be funny,偷笑；窃笑,What are you sniggering at?,This is a serious poem.,grin,v.smile broadly,露齿而笑；咧着嘴笑,e.g.,e.g.,She grinned at me,her eyes sparkling.,grin and bear it -to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation,without complaining,咬咬牙忍着，默默承受,chuckle v.laugh quietly,暗自发笑，低声笑，偷笑,I could hear him chuckling to himself as he read his book.,What are you chuckling about?,e.g.,1.When my daughter heard she couldnt go/was not allowed to go,she jumped up and down in exasperation/with rage.,2.when the party was in full tide,the police broke in/burst in.,3.Helen reached out and took a cup/glass from the cupboard.,4.Parents are more tolerant of/towards their children in public places than at home.,5.These studies have already thrown up some interesting results.,The discussion threw up a lot of interesting ideas.,6.It isnt humorous/polite to poke fun at your/ones colleagues in public.,7.The room could do with a good cleaning(if it is)for distinguished guests.,8.Although the local government had a lot of worries,the fashion festival passed off smoothly.,The fashion festival passed off peacefully,despite all sorts of fears the local government had.,Reading the text,A Hanging,we can feel acutely the helplessness of the victim and the cruelty in terminating a life.People hold sharply contradictory views about the legal killing of criminals who have committed unpardonable crimes.Capital punishment is strongly objected to in some countries,abolished in some others,but practiced in still others.What is your view on this legal practice?Give your reasons.,You could perhaps begin with“Its undeniable that the implementation of law and order can guarantee social stability.,”,Tips:,Its undeniable that only the implementation of law and order can guarantee social stability.Good people should be protected and bad people should be punished.However,death sentence is,at least in my opinion,inhuman.Whatever crime a person might have committed,he or she is still a human being,who deserves the right to live in the world.Once the person is killed,a life is gone forever.Havent we heard of stories about people being wrongly convicted?,Some one was accused of one evil or another and executed as a result.However,some time later,the genuine evildoer emerged.Isnt it too late to say or do anything to compensate the wrong person?Moreover,even if a person has indeed committed a heinous crime,he might still be of some use,such as bearing witness against some former accomplices of his,disclosing some criminal secrets,etc.,To see what is in front of ones nose needs a constant struggle.,George Orwell,Whats your choice,if you were this,Passer-by?,It is curious,but till that moment I had never realized what it means to destroy a healthy,conscious man.When I saw the prisoner step aside to avoid the puddle,I saw the mystery,the unspeakable wrongness,of cutting a life short when it is in full tide.,一直到这时候为止，我才明白杀死一个健康并且神志清醒的人意味着什么。这是一件很奇怪的事，当我看到那个囚犯侧身想躲避那洼水时，我才了解扼杀一个正当壮年的人的意义，那是一种无法言喻的错误。,Derivation:,Paraphrase:,Translation:,