常用不规则动词表分类汇总.doc

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动词一、五种基本形式：英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。 1、第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数构成规则例词一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成 eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays等以e结尾的直接加-s write-writes, come-comes, close-closes等以s,x,z,sh,ch以及字母o结尾的动词，后加-es Watch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes等以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-es study-studies, fly-flies等 2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法原形过去式和过去分词现在分词构成规则例词构成规则例词构成规则例词一般情况 turn 加-ed turned 加-ing turning 以-e结尾的 move,love 只加-d moved, loved 去掉e再加-ing moving, loving 以辅音字母加y结尾的 try,study 应将y改为i再加-ed tried studied 直接加-ing trying, studying 以元音字母加y结尾的 stay,play 直接加-ed stayed played 直接加-ing staying, playing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母 stop,plan 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed stopped planned 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing stopping, planning 以r音节结尾的 Prefer,refer 双写末尾的r再加-ed preferred referred 双写末尾的r再加-ing preferring, referring 以ie结尾的 lie,die 加-d lied,died 将ie变加-ing lying, dying 二、动词时态定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时常见频度副词有：always（总是，一直）,often, usually, never, sometimes等地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。公交车来了：Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 2、一般过去时有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天），this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段，when引导的状语从句（过去），at+过去时间点，in+过去的年份等。 3、一般将来时常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语：next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。构成：will/shall+动词原形，be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。特殊情形： be to+动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。 be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。 4、现在进行时常与look, listen, now连用 5、过去进行时 the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。 6、现在完成时：常见时间状语：always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段等。构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 7、过去完成时 8、过去将来时 Would+动词原形 8 常用不规则动词表 1.AAA 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 broadcast broadcast broadcast ~ 广播.播放.播送 burst burst burst ~ 爆炸.突然发作 cost cost cost ~ 花费 cut cut cut cutting 割，切 hurt hurt hurt ~ 受伤 hit hit hit hitting 打，撞 let let let letting 让 put put put putting 放下 read read read ~ 读 rid rid/ridded rid/ridded ridding 使摆脱.使去掉 set set set setting 安排，安置 spread spread spread ~ 展开，传播，涂 spit spit/spat spit/spat spitting 吐痰, shut shut shut shutting 关上.停止营业 2.AAB 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 beat beat beaten ~ 打败 3.ABA 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 become became become becoming 变 come came come coming 来 run ran run running 跑 overcome overcame overcome overcoming 克服.战胜.征服 4.ABB （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 burn burnt/burned burnt/burned ~ 燃烧 deal dealt dealt ~ 解决.处理.分配 dream reamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt ~ 做梦 hear heard heard ~ 听见.听说 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung ~ 绞死，悬挂 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt ~ 学习 light lit/lighted lit/lighted ~ 点燃, 照亮 mean meant meant ~ 意思.意味.用意 prove proved proven/proved proving 证明, 证实,试验 shine shone/shined shone/shined shining 使照耀，使发光 show showed showed/shown ~ 展示, 给...看 smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt ~ 闻, 嗅 speed sped/speeded sped/speeded ~ 加速 spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt ~ 拼写 wake waked/woke waked/woken waking 醒来，叫醒, 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 build built built ~ 建筑 bend bent bent ~ 弯曲.屈服 lend lent lent ~ 借给 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt ~ 改建, 重建 send sent sent ~ 送 spend spent spent ~ 花费（3）原形→ought →ought 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 bring brought brought ~ 带来 buy bought bought ~ 买 fight fought fought ~ 打架.战斗 think thought thought ~ 思考,想 seek sought sought ~ 寻找.追求.搜索（4）原形→aught →aught 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 catch caught caught ~ 捉,抓 teach taught taught ~ 教.教授（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 awake awoke awoke/awoked awaking 唤醒.唤起 dig dug dug digging 挖掘.钻研.搜集 feed fed fed ~ 喂养.饲养 flee fled fled ~ 逃避.逃跑.消失 find found found ~ 发现，找到 get got got/gotten getting 得到 hold held held ~ 拥有.握住 lead led led ~ 引导,领导 meet met met ~ 遇见 sit sat sat ~ 坐 shoot shot shot ~ 射击 spit spit/spat spit/spat spitting 吐痰, stick stuck stuck ~ 刺入,粘住 strike struck/stricken struck striking 撞击.冲击.罢工 win won won winning 赢.获胜（6）原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 feel felt felt ~ 感到 keep kept kept ~ 保持 leave left left leaving 离开 sleep slept slept ~ 睡觉 sweep swept swept ~ 扫 weep wept wept ~ 哭泣.流泪.哀悼（7）其它动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 lay laid laid ~ 下蛋, 放置 pay paid paid ~ 付款 say said said ~ 说.讲.表示 stand stood stood ~ 站 understand understood understood ~ 明白 lose lost lost losing 失去 have had had having 有.持有.从事 make made made making 制造.安排.构成 sell sold sold ~ 卖 tell told told ~ 告诉 retell retold retold ~ 重复.复述 wind wound wound ~ 缠绕.转动.迂回 5.ABC （1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 blow blew blown ~ 吹风.喘气.叫 drive drove driven driving 驾驶 draw drew drawn ~ 画画.绘制.拖拽 eat ate eaten ~ 吃 fall Fell fallen ~ 落下.跌倒 forbid forbad/forbade forbidden forbidding 禁止.不许 give gave given giving 给.提供.授予 grow grew grown ~ 生长.种植 forgive forgot forgiven forgiving 原谅, 饶恕 know knew known ~ 知道 mistake mistook mistooken mistaking 弄错; 误解, overeat overate overeaten ~ (使)吃过量 prove proved proven/proved proving 证明, 试验 take took taken taking 拿.获得.接受 throw threw thrown ~ 抛.扔.掷 ride rode ridden riding 骑.乘车 see saw seen ~ 看见.了解、领会 sew sewed sewn ~ 缝制.缝合 show showed showed/shown ~ 展示.出示.说明 shake shook shaken shaking 摇动.震动 write wrote written writing 写（2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 break broke broken ~ 打破.打碎 choose chose chosen choosing 选择 get got got/gotten getting 得到 hide hid hidden hiding 隐藏 forget forgot forgotten forgetting 忘记.忽略 freeze froze frozen freezing 冷冻.结冰 speak spoke spoken ~ 说话.谈话.演讲 steal stole stolen ~ 偷窃.窃取.偷盗（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词） [i→a →u] 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 begin began begun beginning 开始 drink drank drunk ~ 喝 sing sang sung ~ 唱 sink sank sunk ~ 下沉, 沉没 swim swam swum swimming 游泳 ring rang rung ~ 戒指.环围住（4）其它动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 be(am,is,are) was/ were been ~ 是 bear bore born/borne ~ 负担, 忍受 do did done ~ 做 fly flew flown ~ 飞行 go went gone ~ 去 lie lay（lied） lain（lied） lying 躺.位于（说谎） wear wore worn ~ 穿 bite bit bitten biting 咬.刺痛 tear tore torn ~ 流泪.撕破.猛冲注：“~”表示在动词原形后直接加ing

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