定语从句关系代词关系副词非限制性定语从句.doc

定语从句关系代词关系副词非限制性定语从句
定语从句（一）--------关系代词的用法
一．定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who， whom和whose，关系副词包括where， when， why等。
三、关系代词的用法
关系代词
指代人还是物
在从句中的成分
That
人和物
主语和宾语
Which
物
主语和宾语
Who
人
主语和宾语
Whom
人
宾语
Whose
人和物
定语
部分特殊先行词的关系词选择
先行词
在从句中的作用或成分
关系词
时间
时间状语
When= in/on/during/at…+ which
主语/宾语
That/which
地点
场合
地点状语
Where=in/on/at… + which
主语/宾语
That/which
Reason
原因状语
Why=for which
(非限制性定语从句只能用for which)
主语/宾语
That/which
Way
方式状语
That/in which/省略
主语/宾语
That/which
Point,situation, condition,stage,case…
地点状语
Where=in which
主语/宾语
That/which

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）
2.which
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）
3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
翻译：
4.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.
翻译：
5..whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
 (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
 (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
 (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
 (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
2. 关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时；例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗？
c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时；例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人和物时；例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
1. Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher?
先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。
2. This is the doctor whom I saw yesterday.
先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。
3. Do you like the book whose color is blue?
先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。
4. I’ve lost the pen which I like best.
先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。
5. The person that telephoned me is a reporter
先行词是 ，关系代词是 ，指（人/物），在定语从句中作 语。
做题思路：
1、首先要分清主句与从句；2、然后找出先行词
3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行词指人，还是指物；
5、在此基础上，选定恰当的关系代词。
1. The man ____ is standing there is my father.
 A. who     B. whom    C. which
2. The girl ______coat is red is waiting at the gate
　A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
3. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
4. Who was the man _____ spoke to you just now?
A. who    B. whom     C. that  
5. It is the best film ____ she has ever seen.
A.  that     B. which      C. when  
6. China is a country _____ has a long history.
 A.  who  B. which     C.  where    
7. The boy ___ I talked with just now is my best friend.
  A. who      B. which      C. where
8. We know Jackie Chan ___ movies are very popular with the young.
  A. whose        B. that        C. who        D. which
9. He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
10. The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
填上适合的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。
1. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
2. This is the book  you want.
3. I once lived in a house  window was broken.　　
4. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
5. The house _____we live in is very old.
6. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
7. I’m waiting for the woman with you talked just now.
8. The town in he lives is far from here.
9 This is the biggest building ________we have ever built in our school.
10. This is the second school ________ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.
定语从句（二）---关系副词的用法
一．概述
定语从句中的关系副词是where ，when 和why，
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
　eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语
　eg.  Please tell me the reason why you are late.
其中why 的用法比较固定，通常先行词必须是the reason， when 和where的用法要求有两点，第一，先行词分别表示时间和地点，第二，一定要在从句中作状语，否则即使先行词是指时间地点的也不能用when 和where。
二．关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换　
why=for which where=in/at which when=in/on/during which：
1. The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
翻译：
2. I don’t know the year when/in which he went to school.
翻译：
3. Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
翻译：

三. 判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别：
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不与物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而与物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：　
This is the village where I stayed last year.　
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
Is this the museum ____you visited?
A. where　 B. that　 C.  on which
1. That is the town ______ he was born.
A.which B. where C. when D. why
2. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
3. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
4. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
5. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
6. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
7. This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
8. The house       I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
9. The house       I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.
10. I don’t know the reason      he looks unhappy today.
考点一：关系代词who,whom,whose的选择：
1. This is the man _____often helps you.
2. He is the student _______composition won the first prize.
3. Don’t get close to the house _____roof is under repair.
4. The person with _______I shook hands is my teacher.
考点二：关系代词和关系副词的选择：
1.①This is the market _____you can buy many things .
②This is the market _____sells all kinds of things.
2. (1) There’s one point _____we must insist on.
(2) She reached a point ____she was supposed to make decisions of her own.
3. (1) I didn’t believe the reason _____he explained to me.
(2) I didn’t believe the reason ____ he went there.
4. It’s a job ____ you are doing something serious but interesting.
It’s a job_______ I dislike
5. There was a time ____I hated to go to school.
非限制性定语从句
Revision
定语从句(attributive clauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有: __________(指物), ____________(既可指人又可指物), _______指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语), _________(指人，在定语从句中作宾语),_______(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有:________(指时间), _________(指地点), _________(指原因)等。
用适合的关系代词或副词填空
1. I sat next to a girl __________ name was Dina.
2. Students _______ do not make good use of their time may fail their exams.
3. David was one of the most helpful students _________ we ever had.
4. We talk about poems and poets _______ we like .
5. Do you remember the day ______ we left you in charge?
6. Do you remember the day ________ we spent together?
7. I don't know the reason ________ the house is so dirty.
8. I don't believe the reason ________ he gave us.
9. We learn in a classroom ________ windows are broken .
10. Yueyang is the place __________ I was born .

非限制性定语从句定义
定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive )和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
Non-restrictive attributive clauses:
1. I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
2. It’s the same in China—many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.
Example 1
1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.
Conclusion 1
当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用______定语从句修饰。
This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
1. __________从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。
2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明, 去掉它也_________ 影响主句的意思。
注意：
非限制性定语从句,不可that引导非限制性定语从句考点归纳：
as 和which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句。
Example:
1. As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history. 众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是个教师, 这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。
3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。
1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。
2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于__________,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。
as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。
Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____ came as a surprise.
2. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
3. __ is expected, the England team won the football match.
4. __ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.
5.The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
II. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句
Example:
He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.
2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.
Conclusion 在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用 ______ ，如先行词指物则用_____引导从句。
1. The famous basketball star, ___ comes from America, will visit our school soon.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black,with _____ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, _____ cost me a lot.
4. Xi’an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, _____ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
7. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.
8. __ we all know, he is good at English.
改错
1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.
2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.
3. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman.
4. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.
选择
1.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.
A.most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
2. The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
3. The Science Museum, ____we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London's tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
4.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
5.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
6.We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
8.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is　 B. which I think it is C. which I think it　D.I think which is
9. Carol said the work would be done by October, _____personally I doubt very much.
A. it 　　　　 B.that　　　　C.when　　　 D. which　　
10.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.that　　　　B.who　　　 C. from whom　　D. to whom　　　　　　　　　　　
11.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
A.what　　　　B.which　　　C.that　　　D.it　　

翻译
1. 我的父母亲对我要求苛刻，这使得我对此很反感

2. 我每天都读英语，这让我提高了成绩。

3. 一些学生不尊重老师，这是一种不好的行为。

4. 我们班里有60名同学，有6位来自长沙。

5. 一些学生不吃早餐，这不利于身体健康。

6. 我在岳阳县一中学习，那里的老师亲切而负责，学生们也很努力。

2013年各省市英语高考定语从句
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks _________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
2.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. Who C. what D. which
4.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , ____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A. where B. which C. what D. when
5. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. Where D. how
6. He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case
7. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
8. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
9.______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
10..Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ____ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
11.We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
12.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house______ I would be s